Brand Luther: How an Unheralded Monk Turned His Small Town Into a Center of Publishing, Made Himself the Most Famous Man in Europe--And Started the Protestant Reformation (58 page)

58
. Ibid., 163–64, 519.

59
. Paul Valkema Blouw, “Augustijn van Hasselt as a Printer in Vianen and Wesel,” in his
Dutch Typography in the Sixteenth Century
(Leiden: Brill, 2013), 117–72.

60
. Reske,
Buchdrucker,
11.

Chapter Nine: Partings

1
. Melanchthon to Camerarius, June 16, 1525. Heinz Scheible, ed.,
Melanchthons Briefwechsel: kritische und kommentierte Gesamtausgabe
(Stuttgart–Bad Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog, 1977–), I, 408. Rather charmingly, although clearly furious, Melanchthon was sufficiently in control of himself to clothe his criticism of Luther by writing in Greek.

2
. For the polemical context see especially Marjorie Elizabeth Plummer,
From Priest’s Whore to Pastor’s Wife: Clerical Marriage and the Process of Reform in the Early German Reformation
(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2012).

3
. USTC.
Corr. Eras
, EP 492 for the Erasmus Catalog.

4
. Spalatin to Erasmus, December 11, 1516.
Corr. Eras.,
EP 501. Melanchthon to Erasmus, January 5, 1519.
Corr. Eras.,
EP 910.

5
. Erasmus to Frederick the Wise.
Corr. Eras.,
EP 939.

6
. Spalatin to Erasmus, December 11, 1516.
Corr. Eras.,
EP 501.

7
. Erasmus to More, March 1518.
Corr. Eras.,
EP 785.

8
. Lambert Hollonius to Erasmus, December 1518.
Corr. Eras.,
EP 904.

9
. Luther to Erasmus, March 1519.
Corr. Eras.,
EP 933. Erasmus to Luther, May 30, 1519.
Corr. Eras.,
EP 980.

10
. Capito to Erasmus, April 1519.
Corr. Eras.,
EP 938.

11
. Erasmus to Frederick the Wise, April 14, 1519.
Corr. Eras.,
EP 939.

12
. See, for instance, the letters of Aleander.

13
. Luther to Lang, March 1, 1517. WABr I, 90.
Letters
I, 40–41.

14
. Luther to Lang, January 26, 1520. WABr I, 619.
Letters
I, 150.

15
. CE III, 205. Robert H. Murray,
Erasmus & Luther: Their Attitude to Toleration
(London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1920), 76.

16
. Erasmus to Luther, August 1, 1520.
Corr. Eras.,
EP 1127A. Luther to Lazarus Spengler, November 17, 1520. WABr II, 2172–18.
Letters
I, 184–85. Luther to Spalatin, September 9, 1521. WABr II, 387–89.
Letters
I, 305–6.

17
. Erasmus to Richard Pace, July 1521.
Corr. Eras
.
,
EP 1218.

18
.
Corr. Eras.,
EP 1443; Erasmus’s reply is EP 1445.

19
. USTC: Cologne, Strasbourg, Augsburg, Nuremberg, and Basel, as well as Mainz and Vienna, and outside the Empire at Antwerp and Venice.

20
. USTC; Benzing 2201–9; 2210–11 for the German translation. WA 18, 600–787. LW 33.

21
. Erasmus to Emser, March 1526.
Corr. Eras.,
EP 1683. The preface to the
Hyperaspistes
printed as
Corr. Eras.,
EP 1667.

22
. The USTC records eleven editions in 1526.

23
. Peter Rückert,
Der “Arme Konrad” vor Gericht
(Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2014).

24
. Translation taken from Peter Blickle,
The Revolution of 1525: The German Peasants’ War from a New Perspective
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1977), 197–201.

25
. USTC 635723. For a modern facsimile edition,
Thomas Müntzer: Deutsche Evangelisch Messe, 1524,
ed. Siegfried Bräuer (Berlin: Evangelische Verlaganstalt, 1988).

26
. Tom Scott,
Freiburg and the Breisgau. Town-Country Relations in the Age of Reformation and Peasants’ War
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986).

27
. Helmut Claus,
Der Deutsche Bauernkrieg im Druckschaffen der Jahre 1524–1526
(Gotha: Forschungsbibliothek, 1975). Tom Scott and Bob Scribner, eds.,
The German Peasants’ War: A History in Documents
(Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1991), 170–96.

28
. Claus,
Bauernkrieg
, nn. 1, 4–28, 48–56. For another important contribution see Gerhard Pfeiffer, “Musik in Bauernkrieg 1525,” in Friedhelm Brusniak and Horst Leuchtmann, eds.,
Quaestiones in Musica
(Tutzing: Hans Schneider, 1989), 467–78.

29
. Benzing 2117–35.

30
. John Rühel to Luther, May 26, 1525. WABr III, 510–11, cited in Mark U. Edwards,
Luther and the False Brethren
(Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1975), 69.

31
. Edwards,
False Brethren,
41–44, 74.
Against the Heavenly Prophets,
LW 40, 73–223.

32
. WA 18, 344–61.

33
. Benzing 2137–76. Claus,
Bauernkrieg
, nn. 113–37.

34
. Claus,
Bauernkrieg
, nn. 134–37.

35
. Benzing 2178–85.

36
. Scott and Scribner,
German Peasants’ War: Documents,
174–76.

37
. Luther to Linck, June 1525. WABr III, 536–37, quoted in Edwards,
False Brethren,
71.

38
. C. Scott Dixon, “The Politics of Law and Gospel: The Protestant Prince and the Holy Roman Empire,” in Bridget Heal and Ole Grell, eds.,
The Impact of the European Reformation: Princes, Clergy and People
(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008), 37–62.

39
. Edwards,
False Brethren
.

40
. The standard study is still G. R. Potter,
Zwingli
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976).

41
. USTC. Manfred Vischer,
Bibliographie der Zürcher Druckschriften des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts
(Baden-Baden: Koerner, 1991), C1, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18, 19.

42
.
Von Erkiesen und Fryheit der Spysen
(Zurich: Forschauer, 1522). Froschauer printed three editions, and it was reprinted in both Augsburg and Basel.

43
. See, for instance, the forty reprints in the German towns of works by Zwingli listed in the USTC.

44
. Martin Brecht,
Martin Luther: Shaping and Defining the Reformation,
1521–1532
(Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1990), 293 ff.

45
.
Eyn Sendbrieff Widder den Newen Yrrthumb bey dem Sacrament des Leybs und Blutts Unsers Herrn Jhesu
Christi
(Wittenberg: Joseph Klug, 1525). USTC 656438, 656439.

46
. Benzing 2313–18. WA 19, 482–523. LW 36, 329–61.

47
. Benzing 2416–22. WA 23, 64–283. LW 37, 3–150.

48
. For two good accounts of the Marburg Colloquy see Edwards,
False Brethren,
and Brecht,
Shaping the Reformation,
325–33. A collection of contemporary documents is offered in LW 38, 5–89.

49
. The text is in LW 38, 85–89.

50
. Edwards,
False Brethren,
108.

Chapter Ten: The Nation’s Pastor

1
. Below, chapter 11.

2
. “They will never force a wife upon me.” Luther to Spalatin, August 6, 1521. WABr II, 377–78.
Letters
I, 290.

3
. E. G. Schwiebert,
Luther and His Times: The Reformation from a New Perspective
(St. Louis: Concordia, 1950), 587–89.

4
. Martin Treu,
Katharina von Bora, die Lutherin
(Wittenberg: Stiftung Luthergedenkstätten, 1999).

5
. See Susan Karant-Nunn and Merry Wiener-Hanks,
Luther on Women: A Sourcebook
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).

6
. Luther to his son, Hans, June 19, 1530. WABr V, 377–78.
Letters
II, 321–24.

7
. Heiko Oberman,
Luther: Man Between God and the Devil
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982).

8
. Marjorie Elizabeth Plummer,
From Priest’s Whore to Pastor’s Wife: Clerical Marriage and the Process of Reform in the Early German Reformation
(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2012).

9
. Werner Schade, “Cranachs Bildnisse der Frau Katharina,” Angela Günther, “Ein Doppelporträt mit der Darstellung Martin Luthers und Katharina von Boras,” in Treu,
Katharina von Bora,
52–56, 303–5.

10
. Above, chapter 5.

11
. This follows Timothy J. Wengert, “Wittenberg’s Earliest Catechism,”
Lutheran Quarterly,
n.s. 7 (1993), 247–60.

12
. It also seems to have been the sort of work that could be smuggled past the censors in Catholic Leipzig, where it was published five times in the same period.

13
.
Luther’s Small Catechism
(St. Louis: Concordia, 2005). This extract is taken from the translation at http://bookofconcord.org/smallcatechismpdf.php.

14
. Benzing 2548–88 (
Large Catechism
), 2589–2666 (
Small Catechism
).

15
. Ian Green,
The Christian ABC: Catechisms and Catechizing in England, c. 1530–1740
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996). Green,
Print and Protestantism in Early Modern England
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).

16
. Gerald Strauss, “The Social Function of Schools in the Lutheran Reformation in German,”
History of Education Quarterly
28 (1988), 191–206, here 193.

17
. Also to the
Instructions for the Visitors of Parish Priests in Electoral Saxony,
WA 26, 195–240. LW 40, 263–320, with the school ordinance at 314–20.

18
. Benzing 2821–28.

19
. Strauss, “Social Function,” 196.

20
. Susan Karant-Nunn, “The Reality of Early Lutheran Education,”
Lutherjahrbuch
57 (1990), 128–46.

21
. Helmar Junghans,
Wittenberg als Lutherstadt
(Berlin: Union Verlag, 1979), 107–9.

22
. Lowell Green, “The Education of Women in the Reformation,”
History of Education Quarterly
19 (1979), 93–116, here 97.