Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency (129 page)

230, 237-38, 250, 271 Moqed,
Majed, 617 Morris, Brent, 529 Morris, Coy R., 505 Morrison, John E., Jr., 119,

233, 263, 269, ,523 Morton,
George, 132 Moussa, Abdelsalam, 202 Moynihan, Daniel Patrick,

xiii
Mutter,
103, 126,
130-31,

187, 246

Murphy, Ed, 259 Murray, Frank, 272
Murrow, Edward R., 66 Musketeer Foxtrot, 153—54 Myer, Charles R., 304,

306

Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 186,

192, 225, 238 National Aeronautics
and

Space Administration

(NASA), 51-52, 514 National Center
for Atmospheric Research,

598-99 National Cryptologic

School, 388, 52-1-26,

534 courses offered by,

408-9, 525 identification badges

used by, 489-90 National
Reconnaissance

Office (NRO), 366,

367,466-67,511,

576 National Security Agency

(NSA): A Group, 93, 100, 354,

355, 359, 370, 376-77, 500, 562-63

American Black Chamber as
predecessor of, 1-3, 4, 6

archives and records of, 519-20

background investigations by,
535—36, 543

B Group, 93, 100, 130, 246, 248,
500

biometric identification system
of, 507

budget of, 93, 146-47, 339-40,
341, 356-57, 383, 388-89, 456-57, 472-73, 475, 481-82, 549-50, 553, 557-58,
569, 574, 576, 584

CIA's relations with, 358-59,
382-85, 473-79, 500

civilian-military friction in,
100, 341-42

computer crash of January 2000 at,
451-53, 454, 457

computer development and, 579-82

congressional probes of, 357,
434-40

creation of, 31

cryptologic occupations at, 618-21

CSS, 482, 498, 501, 541

declassification project of, 520

defense industry lobby and, 576-77

"defense" role of,
424-25

dèmarches to foreign governments
by, 420

digital cellular communications
and, 463—65

disposal of classified materials
by, 516-19

dissemination of names by, 442-49

diverse workforce of, 528-31

domestic espionage by, 428-31,
434, 435, 440-41

domestic telecommunications
companies' agreement with, 133, 434-40

downsizing of, 549—52, 562,
573-74, 576

education at, 524-25, 532-33

Future Day program of, 568-69

G Group, 93, 178-79, 185, 187,
197,217, 233, 239, 377, 429, 500

Hayden's reforms at, 470-73

headquarters of,
see
Crypto
City

hiring program of, 531-38, 542-43,
559-60, 574-75, 576

homosexual purge at, 543-44

industrial espionage and, 424-26

Inman's tenure at, 374-84

insular culture of, 382-83, 385,
387, 471-72

intelligence analysis routine of,
418-20

Intranet of, 511—15

JFK assassination and, 135-36

K Group, 197, 240, 244, 248

law enforcement involvement of,
449—51

linguistic capability of, 616-17

linguists shortage of, 553-57

management crisis of, 456-57,
467-71

management types at, 530-31

Martin-Mitchell defection scandal
and, 92-93, 96, 97, 543

mathematician shortage at, 558-59,
561

M Group, 500-501

minorities and, 559—61, 564-66

National Security Operations
Center, 100, 490, 493, 501-2, 569

National Sigint Operations Center,
501, 569

number of employees of, 482

outside contracts of, 522-23,
574-75, 577

partner agencies of, 394-405

polygraph program of, 536-42

post-Vietnam growth of, 339-40

post-World War II growth of,
355-57

recruitment program of, 531-38,
542-43, 559-60, 574-75, 576

reorganizations of, 42, 93,
500-501, 549-50

Scientific Advisory Board, 458,
462, 529, 605

secrecy obsession of, 3—5, 382-83,
385, 387, 471-72, 491-93, 507-10, 532

security classification system of,
489-90

Suez crisis as test of, 39-42

Supercomputer Research Center,
579, 598, 600, 602-3,604, 607-8, 609

Support Services Operations
Center, 482, 492-93

surveillance navy developed by,
178-80; see
also
spy ships

technology revolution and, 457-58,
479

wages at, 576

women and, 559—61, 564-66

World Trade Center attack and, 646

Y2K problem and,

452-54

National Security Council (NSC),
30, 31, 47, 54, 55-56,58-59, 72, 112, 136,288,391,543, 588

303 Committee of, 246
National
SIGINT File,

515-16, 646 National War College,
79,

530

Nautilus,
104-6
Naval Research Laboratory,

362-63, 514

Naval Security Group, 98, 104,
166, 178, 222, 244, 250, 253, 257, 280-81, 292, 339, 408, 498, 520-21, 549,
580, 581

Detachment Key West of, 104

Sigint patrols of, 292-93 Navy,
U.S., 18, 103-4, 156, 197-98, 230, 250

bombe
machine
of, 587

Rota listening post of, 194-95

spyship program of, 240,

241-43

NEC, 598-99, 611-12 Neff, PaulE.,
11-12 NESTOR voice encryption

machine, 352, 353 Netanyahu,
Benjamin, 203 Netherlands, 19, 134, 462 New Enterprise Team,

470-71

Newsweek,
378, 464,
492 Newton, Frank, 566
New York Times,
378, 379,

380-81, 435, 492, 610 New Zealand,
403, 409, 547 New Zealand Combined

Signals Organisation,

403

Nguyen Cao Ky, 316
Nikolaevsk,
114
Nikolaj Burdenko,
76-77,

114

Nitze, Paul, 89-90, 246 Nixon,
Richard M., 56, 60,

340, 429-34, 543 in 1968 election,
278 Norland, Selmer S., 13, 17 Normalizer computer system, 452-53 Norstad,
Lauris, 81 North American Aerospace

Defense Command

(NORAD), 622,

631-32, 634 North, Oliver L., 391,
392,

413

North Pole 8, 142-46 Northwoods,
82-91, 300,

301 Guantanamo scheme

and, 84-89 McNamara and, 86—88,

89 proposed bombings and

schemes for, 85-86,

89-91 Nowicki, Marvin E.,

195-96, 204-5, 213,

216,221,231
NSA Handbook,
531
NSA Newsletter,
131, 486,

544, 550

NSA SIGINT Digest,
515
NSA
Technical Journal,

531, 560-61

Observation Island,
504
Oceanarium, 606-7 O'Connor, Jim, 188 Odom, William, 389-93,

474

Odonovich, Paul, 27, 30 Office of
Defense Mobilization, 356 Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI), 115 Office of
Naval Research

(ONR), 143, 581 Office of Special
Operations (OSO), 78-79 Office of Strategic Services

(OSS), 7

Ogier, Herbert, 295 O'Grady,
Scott, 513 Oilstock software system,

505

O'Malley, Jerry, 323-24 Omand,
David, 547-48 one-time pads, 20-21, 23,

303, 521

OP-20-G, 98, 580 Operational Plan
34A (OPLAN 34A), 291-92, 293, 298 Operations Command, U.S.,

502

Organization of American States
(OAS), 89, 175 Orlov, Alexander, 45—46 Oswald, Lee Harvey, 132,

135, 137

Oxcart aircraft, 149-50
Oxford,
94-95, 99-100, 101-3, 107, 109-14,

126, 175-80, 186, 197, 292, 295,
339 off China, 316-17 sent to Vietnam, 313—15,

333, 336

Seven Nations Conference and,
315—16 Oxygen, 462

Pageler, Donald W., 217,   .
219,228

Paige, Mitchell, 66

Painter, Lloyd, 207,

209-10,214,215,219

Pak Chung Kufc, 253, 255

Pakistan, 43, 124, 402, 409, 412,
433, 503

Palladium system, 107-8

Palmer, Bruce, Jr., 341

Palmer, Charlie, 81

Parish, Harold L., 99-100, 101,
111, 113, 118, 119, 122-23

Park Chung Hee, 255-56

Parker, Barrington D., 61-62

Parks, David, 157, 158, 325-30,
334, 337-39

Payne, Robert, 548

Peacetime Airborne Reconnaissance
Program (PARPRO), 246

Peak, James P., 513

Pease, Philip T., 539

Pendergrass, James T., 581-82

Peres, Shimon, 40

Perry,
76

Perry, William I, 562

Phillips, Cecil, 20-21

Phillips, Samuel C., 342, 346

Pike, John, 574

Pinchasy, Pinchas, 204

Pine Gap satellite base, 368-69

Platform computer network, 404,
592

Poindexter, John, 413 Poland,
134-35, 399 Polygraph Assisted Scoring System (PASS), 541-42

polygraph tests, 536—42
counterintelligence and,

538-39 espionage discovered

with, 540-41 for job applicants,

536-37 personal questions issue

and, 537-38 Poteat, Gene, 107-8
Powers, Francis Gary, 43, 44-48,51,59,
62n,
107, 322, 365 PRD-1, 328-29,
337 Preparedness Committee,

57

President's Board of Consultants
on Foreign Intelligence Activities, 356, 357

Prestel, Robert L., 405 Prettyman,
Barbara, 551 processor-in-memory chips

(PIMs), 607 Project Alert, 66
Project X, 375
Pueblo,
243, 292, 339

spy equipment of, 254—55
Pueblo
incident, 240-82,

333 A-12 overflights in,

273-75 Blue House raid and,

253-57 court of inquiry after,

278-79 crew's fate in, 268—69,

275, 277, 278 emergency
destruction of classified materials in, 259-60, 261, 264-68

North Korean warnings

in, 252-54, 255, 280 NSA's warning
message

prior to, 248-51,

269-70, 280
Pueblo
fired
upon in,

260-61, 262, 264
Pueblo's
operations
order

and, 251-52
Pueblo
surrendered
in,

266-68

secret materials compromised in,
263-64, 266,

275-77, 307-8 U.S. casualties in,
264 U.S. military's response

to, 261-62 U.S. war preparations
in,

270-72 Walker spy ring and,

276-77, 307-8 Purple code, 301,
312, 397,

526 Purple Dragon analysis, 311

Qaddafi, Muammar, 390 quantum
computing, 609-12

Rabin, Yitzhak, 203

Radio Intelligence Companies, 19

Rafsanjani, Ali Akbar Hashemi, 418

Rainess, Ira, 492

Rainfall, 359, 370

Rakfeldt, Harry O., 225, 273-75

RAMPART National Program Office,
499

Rapid Analytical Machines (RAMs),
579-81, 608

Raven, Frank, 96, 178-79, 185,
187, 188-89, 197-98,217,429

Ray, Bill, 96

RB-47 Strato-Spy, 32-35,

36,37-38, 102, 119,

320-21 North Korea's attempt to

down, 246-48 Reagan, Ronald, 382,
387,

388, 389-90, 394, 399 Reno, Janet,
449, 567 Rhyolite satellite, 367-68,

400

Rich, Monty, 165 Richardson, Earl,
174 Ringe, Bobby, 182-83 Ripken, Gal, Jr., 492 Rissman processing system,

504-5

Rockefeller, Nelson, 435 Rogers,
William P., 543 Rollwagen, John, 591 Roosevelt, Eleanor, 66 Roosevelt, Franklin
D., 22,

357-58

Rosser, J. Barfcley, 605 Rostow,
Walt, 191-92, 222,