Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency (128 page)

156-57

Hughes, Richard I, 611 Humphrey,
George, 556 Humphrey, Hubert, 278 Hungary, 18, 19, 71 Hunt, Peter, 395 Hussein,
King, 238 Hussein, Saddam, 475, 516,

544-45 Huston, Tom Charles, 430,

432

Huston Plan, 430-31 Hyland, John
I, 281

IBM, 580, 585, 593, 597,

603, 608, 610 Stretch computer of,

586-87

Ichthyic missions, 244 Ignatius,
David, 451 imitative communications

deception (IMD), 306 India, 409,
435, 505, 574 industrial espionage,

422-27

Inman, Bobby Ray, 574-82,

393, 398, 399, 443,

470, 553-54, 564

alleged homosexuality

of, 380, 385-86 appointments by,
376—77 CIA-NSA rivalry and,

583-85 Congress and, 377-79,

381, 384

defense secretary nomination and,
385—86 Guerin and, 375, 382 media and, 379-81 public appearances of,

381-82 Satire's confrontation

with, 380-81 Inouye, Daniel, 385
Institute for Defense

Analysis, 591, 604 Intelink,
511-15, 565, 572,

606

Intelligence Advisory Committee,
556, 382 Intelligence Authorization

Act, 570

Intelligence Board, U.S., 101
Intelligence Systems Secretariat (ISS), 512 INTELSAT, 404-11, 414,

616

Internal Security Act, 4
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), 86

Internet, 419, 457-59, 462, 479,
525-24, 546

NSA and, 463-65, 648 NSA's version
of, 511-15,

563

Ipsaro, Anthony J., 486 Iran, 19,
44, 124, 149, 179, 384-85, 589, 391, 402, 408, 474, 503, 545, 555

China's missile deal with,

409-18, 421-22, 458 Iran-contra scandal,

390-91, 413 Iran-Iraq War, 544
Iraq, 19, 382, 402, 474-75,

544, 545 Israel, 154, 417-18, 475,

503 onset of Six-Day War

and, 190-91, 197 Suez crisis and,
39—41
see also Liberty,
Israeli

attack on

Italy, 19, 134, 147, 358 Ivy
Bells, 370
Izmeritel,
309-10 Izquierdo, Chary, 503

Jabara, Abdeen, 428 Jacobs,
Michael
}.,
509, 559 Jacobsen, Walter L., 236 Jafari, Hossein, 416, 417
Jamestown,
187, 315, 316 Janson, Donald, 80 Japan, 16, 19, 124, 150,

155-56, 285, 312, 397,

402, 426

supercomputer development and,
594-96,

598-99

Jarrah, Ziad, 618, 619 Jiang
Zemin, 414, 416, 447
Jimmy Carter,
465 Jin Xuekuan, 409-10, 416,

417

Ji Yanshu, 416, 417 John Birch
Society, 66, 79 Johnson, Lyndon B., 57,

132, 134, 137-38, 191,

270, 316, 323, 526
Liberty
incident
and,

222-26, 230
Pueblo
affair
and, 270,

278 Six-Day War and,

191-94

Vietnam War and, 284,

291, 299, 333, 337 Johnson, Tom,
355—56 Johnston, Thomas, 395-96 Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S., 28, 54, 57, 63,
64, 82, 103, 117, 122, 131, 186, 197-98, 226, 250, 271, 284, 330, 340, 342,
389, 393, 570 Bay of Pigs invasion

and, 71-75

and decision to send
Liberty
to
Middle East, 187-88, 190 JFK's first meeting with,

71-72

Joint Reconnaissance Center of,
187-88, 197-98, 226, 245, 249 Lemnitzer appointed to,

67, 68-69

OPLAN-34A of, 291-93
"pretext" wars advocated by, 84-88, 89, 90, 300-301
Pueblo
mission
and,

245-46

Senate investigation of right-wing
extremism in, 80-81

Jones, David C., 385 Jordan, 191

Jumpseat satellites, 369

Justice Department, U.S.,

382, 428, 538

Kalugin, Oleg, 93, 275-76,

277, 281, 307-8 Kane, Jock, 162,
426-27 Kantor, Mickey, 426 Karadzic, Radovan, 445 Karin, Sid, 600 Karpov,
Yevgeny, 155 Kassar, Monzer al-, 413

Kemper, Ronald, 453, 570 Kennedy,
John Fitzgerald,

62, 87, 92, 287, 358 assassination
of, 131—34 Bay of Pigs invasion

and, 72-75

Cuban missile crisis and, 101-2,
110, 113-14, 115, 116, 118 Cuba-US, rapprochement and, 129-30, 137 inauguration
of, 64—65,

69-70

U.S. military's distrust of,
65-66, 69, 79-80 Vietnam conflict and,

287-88, 290, 291 Kennedy, Robert
F, 78, 79,

83, 108, 125, 129 Cuban missile
crisis and,

108, 119-22, 123 Kennedy
administration,

79, 83, 126, 128 military's
right-wing extremism and, 79—80 Kera, Tiiu, 500 Kerr, Richard E., Jr., 315,

339 KG-14 cipher machine,

266, 277 KGB, 20-21,23

Pueblo
intelligence
coup

and, 275-77 Khalil, Ziyad, 615
Khrushchev, Nikita S.,

45-46, 50-53, 59-60 Cuban missile
crisis and,

116-17, 120-21, 125 Paris summit
ended by,

54-55 U-2 revelations by,

50-51, 52-53 Killian, James R.,
Jr.,

356-57, 360, 582 Kim II Sung, 281
King, Daniel, 536

King, Martin Luther, Jr.,

429

Kisler, Earl M, 252-53 Kissinger,
Henry, 349 KL-47 cipher machine, 245 Klein, Joel, 386 Knebel, Fletcher, 67
Kokalis, David P., 462 Korea, People's Democratic

Republic of (North

Korea), 24-26, 42, 93,

155, 242, 244-45, 293,

333, 408, 503 RB-47 shootdown
attempt by, 246-48 Korea, Republic of (South

Korea), 25, 124,

245, 249, 261, 397,

402 Blue House raid in,

253-57 Korean War, 24-30, 182,

537 China's intervention in,

27-29

Korgie, Leonard, 26 Kosygin,
Alexei, 193, 194,

225 Kullback, Solomon, 2, 582,

586, 587
Kura,
114
Kursk,
173-74 Kuwait, 474, 475, 516, 544,

545 KW-7 cipher system, 245,

254-55, 266, 276, 307 KW-37 cipher
machine,

266, 277 KY-8 telephone, 305-6,

307, 352

La Belle discotheque bombing, 390,
553

Lacy, Gene, 259, 264

Lansdale, Edward G., 78-79, 83, 84

Laos, 62, 305, 322

Larson, Doyle, 320 Lebanon, 19,
167, 197, 203,

391 Lechuga, Carlos, 129,

136-37

Lee, Derek, 397 Lemnitzer, Lyman
L., 63,

65, 67-72, 81-82 civilian command
of military opposed by, 81-82 congressional testimony

of, 68, 73, 88 Cuban invasion
advocated by, 70-71, 72, 74-75 JFK's first meeting with,

71-72

later career of, 88 Northwoods
proposals

and, 84-88, 90 and Senate's
investigation of military's right-wing extremism, 80-81

Lentini, Joseph C., 218-19
LeSchack, Leonard A.,

143-46 Levenson, Arthur, 13, 15,

585 Lewis, David E., 200,

211-12,226
Liberty,
181-84,
185, 228,

241, 339
Liberty,
Israeli
attack on,

187-239,494 alleged
El Quseir
confusion
in, 230, 234-35 casualties in, 226,

227-28 compensation payments

for, 228-29 cover-up of, 225-26,
228,

229-30 CRITIC message in,

221-22 and decision to deploy

Liberty
in Middle
East, 187-88, 190

distress signal sent in,
210-11,221,224

Israeli reconnaissance prior to,
199-200, 204, 206

Israel's El Arish atrocities and,
201-3, 235-36

Israel's justification of, 229-31

by jet air craft, 209-15

LBJ and, 222-26, 230

"mistake" theory of,
230-37

by motor torpedo boats, 215-20

NSA's airborne surveillance of,
204-6, 212-13,216,220-21, 227, 231

NSA's safety concerns prior to,
197-98

security concerns in, 223-24, 227

Sixth Fleet's response to, 221-22,
224, 226-27, 236

U.S. probes of, 230-38

U.S.-Soviet exchanges and, 224-25

warning message foul-up and,
198-99, 230, 236 Libya, 150, 182, 381, 390,

443, 553

Lighthizer, James, 5 Lightning,
582-90, 604 Lilly, James, 411-12 Lindauer, Edwin R., 392 Lin Piao, 28 listening
posts, 139—74

at Adak, 148-49

in Aden, 161-62

in Arctic region, 139—43, 147-48,
546

in Australia, 402-3, 409,

547, 616

in Bahamas, 360—61 in Barents Sea,
167—72 in Canada, 139, 141^-2,

394-96 at Cape Chiniak,

147-48

on Cyprus, 166—67, 187
deactivation of, 545—48 in Eritrea, 160-61 first in space, 367—€8 in Germany,
150—54 in Great Britain, 174-75,

407, 616 in Iran, 149, 179 in
Japan, 155-56, 407-8,

546
Kursk
disaster and,

173-74 in Libya, 150 in New
Zealand, 403,

409, 547

oceanic, 162-5, 167 at Okinawa,
156-59 at Rota, Spain, 194-95 in Turkey, 154-55, 179
see also
spy ships
Littleton, Clay, 160 Lockwood, Bryce, 189-90,

208-10, 216-19 Lodestone computer
system, 590
Long Beach,
343 Lord, Charles R., 523 Lovett, Robert A.,
30-31 low-level voice intercept

(LLVI), 27 Lucent Technologies,
462,

612

Lukashevich, Yakof, 245 Lumumba,
Patrice, 181 Lund, Howard R., 94

McAdam, Gregor, 165 MacArthur,
Douglas, 19, 26, 28-29

McCarthy, Richard,

318-19, 333-34 McCaslin, Tami, 531
McClintock, Ralph, 268 McCone, John, 100, 110,

112, 113, 115, 116,

126, 128, 132, 137,

340, 358 McConnell, J. Michael,
458,

523, 550, 552-55,

560-61, 562, 573     • McFarland,
Terry, 213 McGonagle, William L.,

185, 197, 200, 207,

209-10, 214-16,

219-20, 226, 229-30,

233

McGowan, Bill, 151
MacKenzie,
294
McNamara, Barbara,

458-59, 460, 467, 471,

497, 498, 564 McNamara, Robert S.,
68,

79, 87-88, 89, 99,

131-32, 270, 292, 333,

502 Cuban missile crisis

and, 99, 100, 118, 122,

124
Liberty
incident and,

222-23

Northwoods and, 86-88 Six-Day War
news and,

193-94 Tonkin Gulf testimony

of, 299-300
Maddox,
293-98
Magnum program, 401 Mahon, George, 232, 384
Maine,
84 Major, John, 401
Mann, Thomas C., 75 Mansfield, Mike, 60 Mao Zedong, 27-28, 157 Marcos,
Ferdinand E., 316 Marshall, Bill, 452 Marshall, George C., 8, 27

Martin, Frederick T., 512,

515, 563

Martin, Graham, 348-51 Martin,
William H., 92-93,

96, 97, 543 Mashey, John, 599
Massey,
226

Massoud, Ahmed Shah, 615 Mattison,
Hobart D., 247-48 Mauritius, 163-64, 165 Mayo, Reid D., 364-66 Mellon, Chris,
497
Memphis,
173-74 Menzel, Donald H., 362 Meredith, James, 79 Mexico,
19, 129, 133, 397 Microturbo, SA, 412, 413, 414-15,418,421-22 microwave
communications, 176,366-69, 490

Midway Island, 162-63 Mielziner,
Jo, 21 Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV), 330-31 Military
Intelligence Code

Number 11, 18 Millington, Henry,
263 Millis, John, 457, 463, 466,

467, 476, 650 Minaret program, 429
Minihan, Kenneth A., xiii, 422,453,471,473, 494, 510, 523, 525, 526, 559,
561-64, 579 management style of,

567-72

MIT, 585, 610, 612 Mitchell,
Bernon F., 92-93,

96, 97, 543

Mitchell, John, 430-31, 433
Mobutu, Joseph-Desire,

181, 182

Money, Arthur L., 496 Mongoose,
79, 83, 108, 125

moon-bounce antenna, 94,

101, 188, 207, 208 Moore, Brian,
547 Moore, Jim, 81 Moorefield, Kenneth, 550 Moorer, Thomas H., 109,