Between Slavery and Freedom (32 page)

Index

abolitionists, white,
17
,
29
–
30
,
67
,
68
,
76
–
77
,
80
–
81
,
86
–
87
,
120
–
21

Abyssinian Baptist Church (New York City),
122

ACS.
See
American Colonization Society

actors, black,
68

Adams, John,
22

Adams, Sarah E.,
127

“African,” changing concepts of,
56
,
57

African Baptist Church (Boston),
53

African Burial Ground (New York City),
11

African Grove Theater (New York City),
68

African Masonic Hall (Boston),
117
–
18

African Masons.
See
Prince Hall Masons

African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church,
53
,
76

African Methodist Episcopal Zion (AMEZ) Church,
53
,
76
,
102

African School (Baltimore),
107

Alabama,
48

Albany, New York,
97

Aldridge, Ira (actor),
68

Alexandria, Virginia,
55

Allen, Bishop Richard,
36
,
52
,
53
,
55
,
56
,
59
,
102
,
113

AME.
See
African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church

America (runaway slave),
97

American Anti-Slavery Society,
81

American Colonization Society (ACS),
58
–
60
,
61
,
71
,
78
,
88
,
109
–
10
,
114

AMEZ.
See
African Methodist Episcopal Zion (AMEZ) Church

An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
(Walker),
77
,
115
–
16

Appo, John (caterer),
64

Arizona,
90

Arkansas,
89
,
90

Articles of Confederation,
35

artists, black,
68

Attucks, Crispus,
22

Augusta, Georgia,
71

Australia, African Americans in,
89

Baltimore, Maryland,
40
,
53
,
54
,
55
,
56
,
71
,
78
,
107

Baltimore African Library Society for Mutual Relief,
107

Banneker, Benjamin,
55
,
102
–
4

Baptists: black,
53
; white,
17
,
44
,
53

Barbados,
8

barbers, black,
65

Bayne, Sally (first black settler in Nebraska),
91

Beens, Scipio (founds school),
111

Bell, George (founds school),
111

Benezet, Anthony,
17

Bethel Church, Philadelphia.
See
Mother Bethel African Episcopal Church

binding out, of free blacks,
7
–
8
,
13
,
75
,
98
–
99
,
108
–
9

Black Pioneers (black Loyalist units),
27

Black Regiment.
See
First Rhode Island Regiment

bleeders, black,
67

boarding-houses, black-owned,
65
,
118
,
120

Body of Liberties (Massachusetts law),
14
,
19
,
95

Bogle, Robert (caterer),
64

Boston, Massachusetts,
16
,
22
,
23
,
40
,
42
,
53
,
54
,
56
,
65
,
66
,
73
,
77
,
79
–
80
,
87
,
117
,
119
,
129

Boston Massacre,
22
,
129

Boston, Absalom (shipowner),
69

Boyer, Jean-Pierre (president of Haiti),
71
–
72

Brewster, Nero (freedom petitioner),
101

Bridgewater, Massachusetts,
98

Britain, African Americans in,
66
,
68
,
88

British Columbia, African Americans in,
90

British Guiana.
See
Guyana

Brown Fellowship Society (Charleston, South Carolina),
54
,
78

Brown, John,
93

Bucks of America (black military unit),
26

Buffalo, New York,
122

Burns, Anthony (runaway slave),
87

Burton, Belfast (emigrant to Haiti),
113

Butler, Eleanor (white slave),
7

Bye, Cornelius (shoemaker),
91

California,
2
,
82
,
83
,
86
,
90
,
125

Canada,
3
,
72
,
76
,
89
,
122

Canterbury, Connecticut,
79

Carey, Mathew (white printer),
55
–
56

Carleton, General Sir Guy,
28

carpenters, black,
64

carters, black,
63

caterers, black,
64
,
118
–
19

Catholics: black,
2
,
41
,
53
,
126
; white,
17
,
53

Catron, John (white jurist),
124
–
25

census, federal,
39
,
40
,
62
,
85
,
93
–
94

Charles (slave),
7

Charleston, South Carolina,
9
,
22
,
53
,
54
,
64
,
65
,
74
,
78
,
87
–
88
,
100
,
111
–
12
,
115
,
116
–
17
,
119
,
128

chimney sweeps, black,
63

Christiana, Pennsylvania,
87

churches, black,
52
–
53
,
55
,
67

Cincinnati, Ohio,
66
,
72
,
73
,
76

Claiborne, William C. C. (governor of Louisiana),
47
,
105
–
6

Clamorgan, Apoline,
70

Clamorgan, Cyprian (writer),
65
,
129
–
30

Clamorgan, Harriet,
65
,
74

Clamorgan, Henry,
65
,
74

Clamorgan, Jacques (French slave owner),
129

Clamorgan, Julia,
65

Clamorgan, Louis,
65

class differences, among free blacks,
71
,
75
,
123
,
129
–
30

Clay, Henry,
58

Cleveland, Ohio,
79

Clinton, General Sir Henry,
27

coartación
(right to self-purchase)
,
2
,
18
,
23

Code Noir
,
4
,
5
,
6

Coker, Rev. Daniel,
56

Colored American
(newspaper),
78

Compromise of 1850,
86

The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People
(Delany),
126

Congregationalists, black,
53

Congress, United States,
50
,
56
,
83
,
86
,
91
,
92

Connecticut,
14
,
15
,
32
,
42

Constitution, United States,
35
,
50
,
74
–
75
,
105

Continental Army,
24
–
26

Continental Congress,
24
,
25
,
26
,
34
,
35

Continental Navy,
27

convention movement, black national,
76
,
92

Cordes, Charles (free man),
100

Corlies, Titus.
See
Tye, Colonel

Costin, William (founds school),
111

Crandall, Prudence,
79

Crump, Jemima (frontier settler),
91

Crump, Jeremiah (frontier settler),
91

Cuffe, Paul,
57
–
60
,
69

Cushing, William (chief justice of Massachusetts),
30

day labor, blacks and,
69

Declaration of Independence,
34
,
55
,
102
–
3
,
105
,
108

Delany, Martin Robison,
89
,
92
,
126
–
27

Delaware,
26
,
33
,
36
,
44
,
102

dentists, black,
67
,
120

Dialogue Between a Virginian and an African Minister
(Coker),
56

disfranchisement,
42
,
75
,
106
.
See also
voting rights

District of Columbia,
73
,
86
.
See also
Washington, D.C.

domestic service, blacks in,
16
,
65
,
69

Douglas, Stephen A.,
91

Douglass, Frederick,
51
,
63
,
78
,
93

Douglass, Robert Jr. (painter),
68

Douglass, Sarah Mapps (educator),
66
–
67

Downing family (caterers),
64

draymen, black,
63

Dred Scott vs. Sandford
,
91
–
92
,
125
,
130

dressmakers, black,
65
–
66
,
100

Dunmore, John Murray, Earl of,
23
,
24

Dutch, as slaveholders,
11

Dutch West India Company,
11

Duterte family (caterers),
64

education, black,
16
–
17
,
55
,
78
–
80
,
110
–
11
,
114
.
See also
literacy; public schools

Ellison, William (black planter),
61
,
62

Emerson, Dr. John (slave owner),
91

Episcopalians: black,
52
; white,
52

Esteve family (caterers),
64

Ethiopian Regiment (black Loyalists),
23
,
24

exclusion laws,
15
,
44
,
50
,
74
,
82
,
88
,
89
,
90
,
95
–
96
,
108
–
9
,
112
,
124

farmers, black,
6
,
12
,
16
,
79
.
See also
landowners; planters

Federalists,
43
,
106

Female Medical College of Pennsylvania,
66

Finley, Reverend Robert,
58
,
59

First Rhode Island Regiment,
25
,
26
,
31

Florida: Spanish territory,
2
,
3
,
9
,
10
,
48
; U.S. state,
48
,
49

food, retailing of, by blacks,
64
,
100
,
119

Forten, James,
34
–
35
,
56
,
59
,
64
,
81
,
108
–
9
,
110
,
120

Forten, Sarah Louisa,
81
,
120
–
21

France, African Americans in,
88

Free African Society (Philadelphia),
36
,
37
,
52
,
53
,
55
,
57

freedom, laws on inheritance of,
7
–
8
,
95
–
96

Freedom's Journal
(newspaper),
77
–
78
,
113
–
15