An Introduction to Islamic Law (58 page)

Muslim Brothers
143
–44

Muslim Family Laws Ordinance (Pakistan)
130
,
149
,
150
–51

mystics, ascetic piety and
41

Napoleonic expedition to Egypt
103

Nasser, President G. A.
138
,
143
,
145

nation-states, modernization
115
–33,
140
–41,
148

European
121

family law
118
–39

legal reform, methods
115
–18

overview
2
–3

National Assembly (Pakistan)
148
–49

National Consultative Assembly (Iran)
108

nationalism
118
,
119
,
122

necessity (
darura
)
116

neo-
ijtihad
117

Netherlands-Indies Administration
160

neutral acts
20

New Courts (Nizamiyya)
97
,
98
–99,
101

New Order
98

Nizam al-Mulk (vizier)
47
,
52
,
55
,
72

Nizamiyya (New Courts)
97
,
98
–99,
101

North Africa
37
,
72
,
95
,
110
,
111
,
134
,
137
,
139

nuclear family
120
,
125
,
135
,
136
,
137
,
138

obedience
123
–24

Objectives Resolution (Pakistan)
148
,
150

obligatory acts
20

Office of Complaints
77

opinion

discredited
117

madhhab
as individual
32

mufti
and
9

plurality of in Shari
a
118

orality
90
,
106
,
117

orphans
66
,
136
–37,
150
–51

Otonomi Daerah (decentralization)
161

Ottoman Empire
13
,
72
–79

Algeria and
108

colonialization of
93
–103

conflict resolution within
58
–59

education and
92

Islamic law and
85

Law of Family Rights (1917)
122
,
123
,
125
–26,
130

madrasa
s and
55
–56

military, influences on
93
,
95
,
96

personal status and
121

state control of judiciary and
97

Pahlavi state
154
,
155

Pakistan
142

Constitution
148
–49,
150

dower and
128

independence of
148

inheritance and
149

Islamist movement
148
–51

orphans and
136
,
149

paternity and
131

polygamy and
130

ulama strength and
141
,
148
,
151

paternity
131

patriarchy, new
118
–26

peacemakers
59

penal code
89
,
98
,
99
,
104
,
113
,
155

personal laws, Algeria and
120

personal loyalty, rulers and
50
–52

personal rectitude
64

personal schools
33
–34,
36
–37

personal status
115
,
121
,
122
,
140
,
150

See also
family law

Peshawar Shariat Bench
150

piety
41
,
43

pluralism, legal
27
,
165
,
169

politicization
169

politics, legal education and
2
,
38
–56

polygamy
117
,
130
–31,
132
,
161
,
162

positive law
116

possession
73

post-formative period (Islam)
45

pre-modern age
See
governance, pre-modern

preponderance, criteria of
18

priest-courts (
priesterraden
)
90

Principles of Civil Procedure (1927) (Iran)
152

prison system
99

Privy Council
88

probability,
ijtihad
and
27

Procedure of General and Revolutionary Courts (Iran)
155

professional guilds
58

professionalization of legists
54
–56

professors
8
,
12
–13,
45
–47,
53
,
54
,
56
,
114

property rights
16
,
111
,
160

women and
66
,
67
,
68

Prophet Muhammad
12
,
16
,
23
,
24
,
107

Prophets
107

proto-
qadi
s
39
–40

provincial governors
74
,
75
,
77
,
93
–94,
97

public funds, Indonesian courts and
159

public interest (
istislah/maslaha
)
22
,
25
,
26
–27

public
waqf
s
112
,
137
,
139

punishment
20

qadi al-qudat
(chief justice)
80
,
81

Qadi-
Askar
s
56

qadi
s

abolition of
102

administrative/legal power
49
,
74
,
138

in Algeria
114

appeal courts and
101

appointment of
73

caliphate and
40

divorce and
133

in Egypt
81

in India
85
,
88

in local councils
97
–98

office of
53

qanun
s and
78
,
79

role of
8
,
10
,
11
–12,
33
,
61
–63,
118
,
156

salaries and
13
,
42
,
53
,
82
,
97

in Syria
81

Qajars
95
,
108
,
109
,
152

qanunname
s
79

qanun
s (edicts/decrees)
78
–79,
81
,
82
,
98

qiyas
(legal reasoning)
22
–23,
25
–27

Quran
12
,
16
,
18
–19,
21
,
22
,
24
,
50

Qutb, Sayyid
142
,
143
,
144
,
147
,
151