American Experiment (266 page)

[1912 Republican primaries]:
Gardner, pp. 228–35, primary results given at p. 235 (figures have been rounded off).

363
[Demagogue and fathead]:
quoted in Mowry,
Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement,
p. 234.

[Roosevelt on Root as “representative of reaction”]:
quoted in Sullivan,
op. cit.,
vol. 4, p. 498.

[Mr. Dooley on the forthcoming Republican convention]:
quoted in Mowry,
Roosevelt and theProgressive Movement,
pp. 243–44.

[1912 Republican convention]:
Gardner, ch. 12; Burner in Schlesinger, vol. 3, pp. 2090–91.

[“We stand at Armageddon”]:
quoted in Sullivan, vol. 4, p. 509.

[Wilson at New Jersey Democratic convention, 1910]:
Arthur S. Link,
Wilson: The Road to the White House
(Princeton University Press, 1947), pp. 166–68; John Milton Cooper, Jr.,
The Warrior and the Priest
(Harvard University Press, 1983), pp. 164–66.

364
[Wilson’s address to New Jersey convention]:
quoted in Link, p. 167.

[
Wilson on influencing public
opinion]: John Morton Blum,
Woodrow Wilson and the Politics of Morality
(Little, Brown, 1956), p. 21.

[“All the renewal of a nation”]:
quoted in Cooper, p. 128.

364–65
[
Wilson on leadership]:
Arthur S. Link, ed.,
The Papers of Woodrow Wilson
(Princeton University Press, 1966–83), vol. 6, pp. 646–71 (“Leaders of Men” address dated June 17, 1890); vol. 12, p. 365 (“A Memorandum on Leadership,” May 5, 1902); T. H. Vail Motter, ed., Woodrow Wilson,
Leaders of Men
(Princeton University Press, 1952), esp. pp. 41–42.

365
[Wilson’s childhood and youth]:
Alexander L. George and Juliette L. George,
WoodrowWilson and Colonel House
(John Day, 1956), chs. 1–2; Sigmund Freud and William C.Bullitt,
Thomas Woodrow Wilson
(Houghton Mifflin, 1967); Robert C. Tucker, “The Georges’ Wilson Reexamined: An Essay on Psychobiography,”
American Political Science Review,
vol. 71, no. 2 (June 1977), pp. 606–18.

[Georges on Wilson’s leadership]:
George and George, p. 320.

[Wilson’s transformation of Princeton]:
Cooper, p. 101; Henry W. Bragdon,
Woodrow Wilson: The Academic Years
(Harvard University Press, 1967), part 3.

366
[Governor Wilson]:
Link,
Road to the White House,
chs. 7–9.

[Bryan’s shift to the left]:
David Burner,
The Politics of Provincialism
(Alfred A. Knopf, 1968),
p. 7; Paul W. Glad,
The Trumpet Soundeth: William Jennings Bryan and His Democracy, 1896–1912
(University of Nebraska Press, 1960), esp. ch. 5.

367
[Democratic party divisions]:
Ralph M. Goldman,
Search for Consensus: The Story of the Democratic Party
(Temple University Press, 1979); Wilfred E. Binkley,
American Political Parties:Their Natural History
(Alfred A. Knopf, 1947); Herbert Agar,
The Price of Union
(Houghton Mifflin, 1950), chs. 27–33; Sundquist,
op. cit.,
chs. 6, 7.

[Cleveland on silver Democrats]:
Cleveland to Charles S. Fairchild, April 2, 1897, Grover Cleveland Papers, New-York Historical Society.

[Response of Democratic party to industrialization]:
Everett Carll Ladd,
American Political Parties: Social Change and Political Response
(W. W. Norton, 1970), ch. 4.

[Ladd on the Republicans]: ibid.,
p. 150.

[Populist “outcries”]:
quoted in
ibid.
, p. 152.

368
[Socialist party, early twentieth century]:
Nathan Fine,
Labor and Farmer Parties in the United States, 1828–1928
(Rand School of Social Science, 1928), esp. ch. 8; David A. Shannon,
The Socialist Party of America
(Macmillan, 1955), ch. 3; Ira Kipnis,
The American Socialist Movement, 1897–1912
(Columbia University Press, 1952), chs. 6–11, 16.

[Debs and associates]:
Nick Salvatore,
Eugene V. Debs: Citizen and Socialist
(University of Illinois Press, 1982), chs. 7, 8; Sally M. Miller,
Victor Berger and the Promise of Constructive Socialism, 1910–1920
(Greenwood Press, 1973), chs. 2–3.

[Socialist party membership and budget]:
Kipnis, pp. 364–65.

[Socialist platform, 1912]:
reprinted in Schlesinger,
op. cit.,
vol. 3, pp. 2486–90.

369
[Wilson’s troubles with his
History]: Link,
Road to the White House,
pp. 381–87.

[Hearst on Wilson]:
quoted in
ibid.,
pp. 382–83.

[Democratic convention, 1912]: ibid.,
ch. 13.

[Bryan’s resolution and subsequent charge]:
quoted in
ibid.,
pp. 442–43.

371
[Roosevelt’s reception at Progressive party convention]:
Mowry,
Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement, op. cit.,
p. 264.

[“Authentic voice” of Progressive convention]:
Burns,
The Deadlock of Democracy, op. cit.,
p. 117.

[“They were crusaders; he was not”]: New York Times,
August 7, 1912, p. 2.

372
[Roosevelt on having to “drag forward” Addams]:
Roosevelt to Arthur H. Lee, November 5, 1912, in Morison,
Letters, op. cit.,
vol. 7, p. 633.

[Campaign of 1912]:
George E. Mowry, “Election of 1912,” in Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., ed.,
History of American Presidential Elections
(Chelsea House, 1971), pp. 2135–66; Gardner,
op. cit.,
ch. 13; Link,
Road to the White House, op. cit.,
ch. 14.

[Taft on his role as a conservative]:
quoted in Mowry in Schlesinger, vol. 3, p. 2158.

[Taft’s attacks on “dangerous changes” and direct democracy]:
“Acceptance Speech,” August 2, 1912, in
ibid.,
pp. 2204–19, quoted at pp. 2204, 2208.

[Debs on making the working class the ruling class]:
quoted in Salvatore,
op. cit.,
p. 263.

[The “Ohio yell”]: ibid.,
p. 264.

373
[Woodrow Wilson on liberty “never coming from the government”]:
John Wells Davidson, ed.,
A Crossroads of Freedom
(Wilson’s 1912 campaign speeches) (Yale University Press, 1956), p. 130.

[Roosevelt’s response]: ibid.,
pp. 123, 130; Mowry in Schlesinger, vol. 3, p. 2160.

[Journal
cartoon]:
reprinted in Davidson, p. 123.

[Wilson’s shift to acceptance of government]: ibid,
p. 264.

[Democratic party platform plank on democracy]:
Schlesinger, vol. 3, pp. 2169, 2177.

374
[Progressive party planks on democracy]: ibid.,
pp. 2186–87.

[Wilson on the referendum]:
Davidson, p. 487.

[Observer on the secrets of Wilson’s “verbal power”]:
William Bayard Hale, quoted in George and George,
op. cit.,
p. 108.

[Georges on Wilson’s mastery of oratorical techniques]: ibid.

[Democratic party plank on antitrust policy]:
Schlesinger, vol. 3, p. 2168.

[Progressive party plank on antitrust policy]: ibid.,
p. 2190.

375
[Roosevelt quoting Morgan on not unscrambling an omelet]:
quoted in Cooper,
op. cit.,
p. 196.

[Deletion of antitrust plank]:
Mowry, pp. 269–71.

[Brandeis establishing connection with Wilson]:
Philippa Strum,
Brandeis
(Harvard University
Press, 1984), read in manuscript; Melvin I. Urofsky, “Wilson, Brandeis, and the Trust Issue, 1912–1914,”
Mid-America,
vol. 49, no. 1 (January 1967), pp. 3–28.

375
[Brandeis’s evaluation of Wilson after first meeting]:
Brandeis to Alfred Brandeis, August 29, 1912, in Melvin I. Urofsky and David W. Levy, eds.,
Letters of Louis D. Brandeis
(State University of New York Press, 1971–78), vol. 2, p. 661.

[Roosevelt’s ambivalence on race]:
Thomas G. Dyer,
Theodore Roosevelt and the Idea of Race
(Louisiana State University Press, 1980), esp. chs. 1, 5.

376
[Maude Malone’s confrontation with Wilson]:
quoted in Davidson, p. 472.

[The wounding of Roosevelt]:
Frank K. Kelly,
The Fight for the White House
(Thomas Y. Crowell, 1961), ch. 11, assailant quoted at p. 244, Roosevelt at pp. 245, 246, 247.

377
[The candidates’ climactic speeches]:
quoted in Cooper, p. 202, and Link,
Wilson Papers, op.cit.,
vol. 25, pp. 493–501, at 497.

[Election results]:
Cooper, pp. 204–5; Schlesinger, vol. 3, p. 2242 (state-by-state touts); Sundquist,
op. cit.,
p. 165.

[Roosevelt’s postelection comment]:
Roosevelt to Arthur Hamilton Lee, November 5, 1912, in Morison,
Letters,
vol. 7, p. 633; Roosevelt to James R. Garfield, November 8, 1912, in
ibid.,
p. 637.

381
[Gary steel-making]:
Stewart H. Holbrook,
Iron Brew: A Century of American Ore and Steel
(Macmillan, 1939), pp. 298–304.

[Coal mining in Appalachia]:
Carter Goodrich,
The Miner’s Freedom: A Study of the Working Life in a Changing Industry
(Marshall Jones, 1925), pp. 19–27, quoted at p. 22.

[Amoskeag]:
Tamara K. Hareven and Randolph Langenbach,
Amoskeag: Life and Work in an American Factory City
(Pantheon, 1978), pp. 34–38, 41–49 (interview with Mary Cunion, weaver), 196–200 (interview with Yvonne Dionne).

382
[Mechanization in tire manufacture]:
Alfred Lief,
The Firestone Story
(McGraw-Hill, 1951), pp. 65–66.

[American socialism during the progressive era]:
Ira Kipnis,
The American Socialist Movement, 1897–1912
(Columbia University Press, 1952).

383
[Taft’s trust-busting and tax backing]:
Donald F. Anderson,
William Howard Taft: A Conservative Conception of the Presidency
(Cornell University Press, 1968), pp. 78–82, 108–10, 230.

[Wilson on leadership]:
quoted in Arthur A. Ekirch, Jr.,
Progressivism in America
(NewViewpoints, 1974), p. 224; see also Woodrow Wilson, “The Study of Administration,”
Political Science Quarterly,
vol. 2 (June 1887), pp. 197–222.

[
Wilson on need of concert of purpose]:
“Remarks in Trenton to the New Jersey Electors,” January 13, 1913, in Arthur S. Link, ed.,
The Papers of Woodrow Wilson
(Princeton University Press, 1966–83), vol. 27, pp. 40–44, quoted at p. 41.

[Woodrow Wilson’s inaugural]:
Arthur S. Link,
Wilson: The New Freedom
(Princeton UniversityPress, 1956), pp. 57–60; John Morton Blum,
Woodrow Wilson and the Politics of Morality
(Little, Brown, 1956), p. 65.

384
[Wilson’s Inaugural Address]:
“An Inaugural Address,” March 4, 1913, in Link,
Papers, op. cit.,
vol. 27, pp. 148–52.

385
[Wilson’s Administration in early years as textbook model of presidential leadership]:
Arthur S. Link,
Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era, 1910–1917
(Harper & Bros., 1954), ch. 2; John J. Broesamle, “The Democrats,” in Lewis L. Gould, ed.,
The Progressive Era
(Syracuse University Press, 1974), pp. 101–3; John Milton Cooper, Jr.,
The Warrior and the Priest
(Harvard University Press, 1983), ch. 15.

[Wilson on President as “prime minister”]:
Wilson to Alexander Mitchell Palmer, February 5, 1913, in Link,
Papers,
vol. 27, pp. 99–100.

[Wilson’s denunciations of tariff lobbyists]:
quoted in Link,
The New Freedom,
p. 187.

[Wilson on “acid test”for cabinet ministers]:
quoted in
ibid.,
p. 11.

386
[La Follette on rejection of Brandeis]:
La Follette to Josephine La Follette Siebecker, March16, 1913, in Belle Case La Follette and Fola La Follette,
Robert M. La Follette
(Macmillan,1953), vol. 1, p. 462.

386
[Broesamle on Wilson’s personal control of his party]:
Broesamle in Gould, quoted al pp.102–3.

[Tariff reform]:
Link,
The New Freedom,
ch. 6.

[
Wilson on stimulating business to be more efficient]:
“An Address on Tariff Reform to a Joint Session of Congress,” April 8, 1913, in Link,
Papers,
vol. 27, pp. 269–72, quoted at p. 271.

[Houston on downward revision]:
David F. Houston to W. H. Page, September 12, 1913, quoted in Link,
The New Freedom,
p. 194.

387
[Banking and currency reform]: ibid.,
ch. 7.

[Wilson on the variety of judgments on banking]:
quoted in Cooper, p. 233.

[Ekirch on money trust viewed as a spider web]:
Ekirch,
op. cit.,
p. 226.

[
Wilson’s message to Congress on currency legislation]:
“An Address on Banking and Currency Reform to a Joint Session of Congress,” June 23, 1913, in Link,
Papers,
vol. 27, pp. 570–73, quoted at pp. 572–73.

388
[Lindbergh and La Follette on Federal Reserve Act]:
quoted in Link,
The New Freedom,
p. 239; see also La Follette and La Follette, vol. 1, pp. 486–87.

[Link on Federal Reserve Act]:
Link,
The New Freedom,
p. 238.

[Burleson’s advice to Wilson on patronage]:
quoted in
ibid.,
pp. 158–59 (from an interview of Burleson by R. S. Baker, March 17–19, 1927).

[O’Gorman’s thwarting of Wilson]: ibid.,
pp. 165–67.

[Wilson to Burleson on “old standpatters
”]: quoted in Cooper, p. 231.