Read A Queer History of the United States Online
Authors: Michael Bronski
Tags: #General, #History, #Social Science, #Sociology, #United States, #Lesbian Studies, #Gay Studies
lesbian feminist social justice movement, 145â48, 212â14, 222
lesbianism, xviâxvii.
See also
same-sex relationships
Lesbian Nation
(Johnston), 213
Levelers, 7
Levenson, Lew, 126
Lewis, Edmonia, 71, 74â75
Lewis and Clark expedition, 4â5
Leyendecker, J. C., 138â39
LGBT movements: in 1950s, 179â83, 202; in 1960s, 207, 208â12, 218â19, 221; in 1970s, 212â24; in 1980s, 227â35; in 1990s, 236â38; anarchism and, 183; art and, 232â34; censorship and, 182; children and, 181, 218, 219â20, 221, 222â23, 236â37; civil rights and, 202, 203, 211â12, 218â24, 230â35, 238â42; community and, 176, 179â83, 189; conservative movements and, 219â24, 226â27, 230â31, 239â40; consumerism and, 189; culture and, 217; division in, 181, 211â12, 228, 231, 242; entertainment and, 182, 215â16, 217, 237â38; equality and, 93â95, 179â83, 221â22, 238â42; family and, 218, 222, 223, 240; fantasies and, 222; feminism and, 202, 207, 212â14, 229, 230; gender and, 181â82; government and, 218â24; identity and, 175, 221â23; journalism, 214â15, 223; labor and, 181, 236; language for, 95, 209, 232; laws and, 93â95, 218â24, 238â42; leisure and, 182, 217; liberty and, 93â95, 182â83, 208â16, 218â24; literature and, 213, 215; livelihood and, 181; marriage and, 181, 217, 238â41, 242; morality and, 222; organizations for, 176, 179â83, 202, 209â13, 228â29, 231â35; police and, 209â10; privacy and, 209; psychology and, 217â18; public sphere and, 182, 209; race and, 202, 216; Red Scare and, 145; religion and, 219â20, 221, 223â24; reproduction and, 207; in San Francisco, 209, 224; sodomy and, 219; urbanization and, 216, 217; violence and, 209â10, 224, 241â42
liberty: in 1950s, 182â83, 185; in 1960s, 207â8, 208â12; in 1970s, 212â16, 218â24; in American Civil War era, 63, 78â82; in American Revolutionary War era, 27â28, 38; the body and, 28, 207â8; citizenship and, 78â82; in colonial era, 2, 5, 15, 20, 21; community and, 15, 47; deviance and, 17; equality and, 80, 239, 242; feminism and, 94; free love movement and, 82; identity and, 41; individual and, 20, 28, 82, 239; interracial relationships and, 60; LGBT movements and, 93â95, 182â83, 208â16, 218â24; in literature, 60; in literature of the East, 52; New Deal and, 150â51; psychology and, 185; race and, 57; religion and, 10, 13, 15, 20; in San Francisco, 47; slavery and, 21, 57, 63; social purity movements and, xix, 84, 85â86, 102â3; society and, 16, 20; urbanization and, 103; World War II and, 157â58, 170.
See also
civil rights; equality; privacy
Life
magazine, 155, 162â63, 179, 184, 187, 203, 215
Lillie, Beatrice, 121
Lincoln, Abraham, 65, 75, 82
Lind, Earl, 98â99, 123
Lindner, Robert J., 191â92
literature: in 1950s, 179, 183â91, 197, 200â201, 202â3, 223; in 1960s, 199, 203, 213; in 1970s, 215; in American Civil War era, 64, 65â68, 69, 70, 77â82; in American Revolutionary War era, 29â30, 36, 37â39; censorship of, 125â26, 169â70, 200, 201; in colonial era, 24â25; community and, 123, 125â26; desire in, 96â99, 103; in Elizabethan era, 7; entertainment and, 114; feminism and, 213; friendship in, 50â51, 55â56, 58â60, 97â98; gender and, 134â37, 200, 201; heterosexuality and, 134â37; historical works of, xvâxvi; identity and, 134â37; interracial relationships and, 57, 58â62; LGBT movements and, 213, 215; privacy and, 50, 125â26; public sphere and, 50, 125â26; pulps, 187â88, 189; race and, 57, 58â62, 127, 134â37, 169, 201, 202â3; Red Scare and, 144; sexology and, 96â99, 100â102, 103, 126; slavery and, 57; social purity movements and, 100â102; urbanization and, 123, 125â26; westward expansion and, 43â46, 48â56, 58â62; World War II and, 163â65, 167â70, 190
Little Richard, 195
“Long Tall Sally” (Little Richard), 195
Lorde, Audre, 93
Loring, Frederick W., 67
Los Angeles, 173â74, 199
Louisiana Purchase, 41
Love's Coming of Age
(Carpenter), 126
Loving v. Virginia
, 174
Lowell, Amy, 74
Lucifer with a Book
(Burns), 184
Ludlam, Charles, 198
Lyon, Phyllis, 181
Macfadden, Bernarr, 137â38, 188
Madison, Guy, 192, 194
magazines.
See
journalism
Mailer, Norman, 168, 169, 179
Malcolm X, 206
manifest destiny, 41, 131
Mann, Thomas, 125
mannish lesbian, 96, 115, 125, 144, 172
Marbury, Bessie, 121
marginalization, xiii, 15â16, 23â25, 127â28, 173â74.
See also
othering
marriage: in 1950s, 190, 194; in 1970s, 217; in American Civil War era, 71â72, 72â74; in American Revolutionary War era, 32â33; anarchism and, 93; Boston marriages, 72â74; in colonial era, 2, 4, 5, 10, 12, 14, 25; consumerism and, 140; culture and, 190; divorce, 93; education and, 73â74; expansion and, 45, 55â56; film and, 194; friendship and, 32â33, 45; laws about, 57â58, 236, 238â41; LGBT movements and, 181, 217, 238â41, 242; race and, 57â58, 174; Red Scare and, 144; reproduction and, 33, 57â58; social purity movements and, 86, 87, 242; suffrage and, 84; World War II and, 156, 170, 174.
See also
family
Martin, Del, 181
Mask and Gown
(Jones), 197
Massachusetts, 6, 9, 13, 14â15, 20, 32, 219
Masters (William) and (Virginia) Johnson, 218
masturbation: in American Civil War era, 61; in colonial era, 8, 9; social purity movements and, 85, 86, 98, 100, 101, 103, 135
Mather, Cotton, 15
The Mattachine Review
, 181
Mattachine Society: in 1950s, 1, 94, 179â81, 211â12; in 1960s, 209â10, 218â19; influence of, 214, 229, 232
maypoles, 14, 16
McCarthy, Joseph, 180
McCarthy, Mary, 183
McCullers, Carson, 183
McPherson, Aimee Semple, 141â42
Meaker, Marijane, 187, 190
Meeker, Richard.
See
Brown, Foreman
Melville, Herman: on Hawthorne, 54; influence of, 77, 80, 190; literature of, 57, 58â60, 61, 62
The Memoirs of Hadrian
(Yourcenar), 183
men.
See
gender
Menken, Adah Isaacs, 105, 106
mental health: deviance, 15â16, 17, 123â25, 158â59, 237, 240; psychiatry, 158â59, 163â64, 166â67, 186, 218; psychology, 96, 164â65, 184â87, 190â91, 191â92, 217â18; the sexual psychopath, 123â25, 159
Merman, Ethel, 116
Merrymount, 13â14, 16, 25
Mexican War, 40, 63
Mexico, 138
Miami, 219â20, 220â21, 222, 223
Middle Passage, 21
Middleton, Thomas, and Thomas Dekker, 6
Midler, Bette, 217
military: in 1960s, 177; citizenship and, 166; culture of, 138; deviance and, 158â59; discharge from, 165â67; don't ask, don't tell policy, 236; gender and, 155; housing and, 153; leisure and, 161, 163, 164â65; peace movements and, 147â48; race and, 153â54, 165â66; recruitment for, 158â60; segregation in, 154; sodomy and, 158, 165; in World War II, 153â54, 155, 157â63, 164â67
Milk, Harvey, 220, 224
Millay, Edna St. Vincent, 183
Millett, Kate, 223
Mineo, Sal, 191, 193
Minnelli, Vincente, 139â40
Mizer, Bob, 188
Moby-Dick
(Melville), 58, 59â60, 61, 62
Montesquieu, 27â28
Moore, R. I., 16â17, 226
Moorehead, Agnes, 216
morality: in 1970s, 222; alcohol and, 84; community and, 107â8; LGBT movements and, 222; sexology and, 100â102; slavery and, 23â24; social purity movements and, 84, 85â87, 100â102; theater and, 104â6; urbanization and, 85â86, 100â101, 107â8
Morton, Thomas, 13â14, 15, 16
motherhood, 84, 87, 100, 148.
See also
family
Motley, Willard, 183â84
movies.
See
film
Muggletonians, 7
Muscle Beach Party
, 195
music: in 1950s, 189, 194â95, 199; in 1960s, 199, 203â4; in 1970s, 213; social purity movements and, 87, 101; urbanization and, 109, 111, 127.
See also
entertainment; theater
NAACP, 127, 143
Nader, George, 192, 193
The Naked and the Dead
(Mailer), 168, 169, 179
Naked Lunch
(Burroughs), 200
National Organization for Decent Literature, 169
National Organization of Women, 203, 212â13
Native Americans: in American Civil War era, 57; in American Revolutionary War era, 29; colonial era and, 14, 17, 18, 20, 23â24, 24â25; expansion and, 41; marriage and, 2, 4, 5, 14, 25; sexuality of, 2â5, 23â24, 24â25, 57; violence and, 2, 5, 18, 41
natural rights, 78â79
nature: civilization and, 25, 51; race and, 51, 62; same-sex relationships as natural, xv, xvi, 78â79, 94, 164, 218; in transcendentalism, 49â52, 53, 56â57
Negri, Pola, 118
Nelson, Ricky, 195
Never the Same Again
(Tesch), 184
New Deal, 148â51, 153
Newman, Lesléa, 236
news, 225, 238.
See also
journalism
newspapers.
See
journalism
Newton, Esther, xiv, 96
Newton, Huey, 216
New York City: AIDS in, 227; art in, 199; Bowery, 122â23; brothels in, 85â86; censorship in, 117â18; community in, 171, 172; entertainment in, 117â18, 172, 198â99; Greenwich Village, 112â13, 122â23, 171, 197, 198, 209â10; Harlem, 113, 121â22, 123, 126â28, 163, 172; Henry Street Settlement in, 110â11; housing in, 107; laws in, 227; leisure in, 227; population of, 19; race in, 174â75
New York Society for the Suppression of Vice, 86, 117â18
New York Times
, 216, 218, 224, 225, 230, 238
Niles, Blair, 126
Norse, Harold, 200
Novarro, Ramon, 118
Nugent, Richard Bruce, 123
obscenity, 86, 201.
See also
pornography
Odd Girl Out
(Bannon), 188
Omoo
(Melville), 58â59, 61, 62
ONE
, 180, 181, 201
One-Eyed Charley, 42
On the Origin of Species
(Darwin), 64
oral sex, 8â9, 66â67, 85
Orlovsky, Peter, 200
othering, 23â25, 62, 113â14.
See also
marginalization
Our Bodies, Ourselves
, 229
Packer, Vin, 187, 190
Palmer Raids, 143, 144
the pansy, 115, 118, 122â23, 144
Parker, Dorothy, 114
Patrick, Robert, 198
patriotism, 144â45, 156
Patton, Cindy, 230
peace movements, 147â48, 203, 205â6
Penn, William, 19â20
People in Trouble
(Schulman), 226
Perkins, Anthony, 190, 193â94
persecuting society: AIDS and, 226; in American Civil War era, 75; in American Revolutionary War era, 39; in colonial era, 16â18, 21â25, 39; in Jim Crow era, 82; LGBT movements and, 222; New Deal and, 150â51; in Progressive Era, 82; religion and, 64; slavery and, 21â25.
See also
conservative movements; social purity movements
Peters, Fritz, 168, 184
Physical Culture
, 137â38, 188
physique magazines, 188â90
Physique Pictorial
, 188â90, 191, 192, 193, 194
Pillow Talk
, 192
Plaine of Guilford, 9
Plato, xv, xvii, xviii, 51
Playboy
, 188, 193, 214â15
pleasure: in 1950s, 192â93; in 1980s, 230; in American Revolutionary War era, 34; in colonial era, 12â13; expansion and, 52; social purity movements and, 88, 94, 99â100, 136
Pleasure Man
(West), 116
Plessy v. Ferguson
, 92â93
police: in 1950s, 180, 182, 195; in 1960s, 206, 208, 209â10; labor and, 146â47; LGBT movements and, 209â10; social purity movements and, 92; theater and, 117; urbanization and, 117, 123, 171, 173â74; World War II and, 171, 173â74.
See also
crime