Read A Queer History of the United States Online
Authors: Michael Bronski
Tags: #General, #History, #Social Science, #Sociology, #United States, #Lesbian Studies, #Gay Studies
24.
Letter from American Family Association, quoted in Cindy Patton,
Sex and Germs
(Boston: South End Press, 1986), 85.
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25.
Gayle Rubin, “Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality,” in Vance,
Pleasure and Danger,
267.
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26.
Marc E. Elovitz and P. J. Edwards, “The D.O.H. Papers: Regulating Public Sex in New York City,” in
Policing Public Sex,
ed. Dangerous Bedfellows (Boston: South End Press, 1996), 295.
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27.
Priscilla Alexander, “Bathhouses and Brothels: Symbolic Sites in Discourse and Practice,” in
Policing Public Sex,
221.
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28.
Andrew Sullivan,
Love Undetectable: Notes on Friendship, Sex, and Survival
(New York: Knopf, 1998), 52.
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29.
Allan Bérubé, “The History of Gay Bathhouses,” in
Policing Public Sex,
185.
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30.
Patton,
Sex,
142.
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31.
John J. Cardinal O'Connor, quoted in “Pope Condemns Bias against Victims of AIDS,”
Washington Post,
November 16, 1989.
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32.
Quoted in Malcolm Miles,
Art, Space and the City: Public Art and Urban Futures
(New York: Routledge, 1997), 174.
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Epilogue
1.
William N. Eskridge Jr.,
The Case for Same-Sex Marriage
(New York: Free Press, 1996), 9â10.
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2.
Transcript of closing arguments in
Perry v. Schwarzenegger,
U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, June 16, 2010,
http://www.bilerico.com/2010/06/23/Transcipt of Closing Arguments.pdf
.
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Credits
In chapter 3, “Poem 518” by Emily Dickinson is reprinted by permission of the publishers and the Trustees of Amherst College from The Poems of Emily Dickinson, Ralph W. Franklin, ed., Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Copyright © 1998, 1999 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Copyright © 1951, 1955, 1979, 1983 by President and Fellows of Harvard College.
In chapter 3, the letter to Sue Gilbert by Emily Dickinson is reprinted by permission of the publishers from The Letters of Emily Dickinson, Thomas H. Johnson, ed. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Copyright © 1958, 1986, The President and Fellows of Harvard College; 1914, 1924, 1923, 1942 by Martha Dickinson Bianchi; 1952 by Alfred Leete Hampson; 1960 by Mary L. Hampson.
In chapter 6, the Kittredge and Lewisohn letters are reprinted courtesy of the Lillian Wald Papers, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University.
In chapter 8, the Jean S. quote from Improper Bostonians (Boston: Beacon, 1998) is reprinted courtesy of The History Project: Documenting GLBT Boston,
www.historyproject.org
.
Index
Please note that page numbers are not accurate for the e-book edition.
1950s: body in, 188â90, 196; censorship in, 182, 197, 200, 201; children in, 190â91; civil rights in, 202, 203; community in, 179â83; consumerism in, 177, 187â88, 193, 200; crime in, 190â91; culture in, 179â83, 190â94, 196, 197â201; dress in, 196; entertainment in, 182, 194â95, 197; equality in, 179â83; fantasies in, 187; feminism in, 202; film in, 190, 191â94, 197â98, 199â200, 223; gender in, 181â82, 196, 200, 201; identity in, 179, 192, 196; journalism in, 180, 181, 184, 188â90, 191, 192, 193, 194; leisure in, 182; LGBT movements in, 179â83, 202; liberty in, 182â83, 185; literature in, 179, 183â91, 197, 200â201, 202â3, 223; marriage in, 190, 194; pleasure in, 192â93; police in, 180, 182, 195; psychology in, 184â87, 190â91, 191â92; public sphere in, 182; race in, 177, 201, 202â3; same-sex relationships in, 177â79, 193â94; social class in, 177
1960s: art in, 199â200; body in, 196, 207â8; censorship in, 195, 199; civil rights in, 203, 204, 206; culture in, 177, 194â96, 197â201, 203â4, 223; desire in, 186, 204; dress in, 196, 204; entertainment in, 194â95, 197â200, 203â4, 237; feminism in, 204, 206â7; gender in, 196, 204; identity in, 196; journalism in, 214â15; language in, 209; LGBT movements in, 207, 208â12, 218â19, 221; liberty in, 207â8, 208â12; literature in, 199, 203, 213; police in, 206, 208, 209â10; privacy in, 209; public sphere in, 209; race in, 177, 198â99, 203, 206; reproduction in, 206â7; Vietnam War in, 205â6, 207â8, 212; violence and, 206, 207â8, 209â10
1970s: censorship in, 214; children in, 218, 219â20, 221, 222â23; civil rights in, 216, 218â24; community in, 216; culture in, 217; deviance in, 240; entertainment in, 215â16, 217, 237; family in, 218, 222, 223; fantasies in, 222; feminism in, 212â14, 218, 221; government in, 218â24; identity in, 221â23; journalism in, 214â15, 223; laws in, 218â24; LGBT movements in, 212â24; liberty in, 212â16, 218â24; literature in, 215; marriage in, 217; morality in, 222; psychol-ogy in, 217â18; race in, 216; religion in, 223â24; same-sex relationships in, 216, 217â18, 222â23; sodomy in, 219; urbanization in, 216, 217; Vietnam War in, 205â6, 221; violence in, 224
1980s, 224â35, 236
1990s, 236â42
abolition: Bible and, 64; citizenship and, 23; Emancipation Proclamation and, 82; identity and, 40; Quakers and, 20; social purity movements and, 84, 87
Abraham, Julie, 108, 109
acquired immune deficiency syndrome, 224â35, 239, 241â42
ACT UP, 231â35
Adams, John, 27, 31
Addams, Jane, 108â9, 147, 148, 206, 213
adoption, 223, 236
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
(Twain), 58
advertising.
See
consumerism
African Americans: in 1950s, 202â3; in 1960s, 198â99; art and, 76â77; Black Panther Party, 206, 211, 214, 216, 229; Black Power movement, 206; the body and, 76â77; civil rights movements and, 91â93, 206; community and, 112â13, 126â28; conservative movements and, 221; entertainment and, 198â99; entertainment and, 163; housing and, 112â13; interracial relationships and, 57; leisure and, 163; literature and, 202â3; military and, 154, 165â66; privacy and, 126â28; public sphere and, 126â28; Red Scare and, 143â44; in San Francisco, 47; slavery and, 21â25; urbanization and, 112â13, 173; violence and, 82, 135â36, 206; World War II and, 154, 163, 165â66, 173.
See also
race
AIDS, 224â35, 239, 241â42
AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power, 231â35
alcohol, 84, 85, 89â90
Alcott, Louisa May, 72, 73, 148
American Civil Liberties Union, 147, 148
American Civil War, 40, 64â66, 68â70
American Civil War era: American Civil War, 40, 64â66, 68â70; art in, 74â77; body in, 65â66, 74â77; citizenship in, 70â71, 78â82; community in, 70â72; correspondence in, 71â72, 73, 77â78; cross-dressing in, 69â70; democracy in, 78â82; desire in, 65â68, 71, 73, 75, 77â81; gender in, 64â66, 68â71, 74â75, 82; identity in, 74â75; journalism in, 70; language in, 1, 77, 78, 80; laws in, 78â82; liberty in, 63, 78â82; literature in, 64, 65â68, 69, 70, 77â82; marriage in, 71â72, 72â74; persecuting society in, 75; religion in, 63â64, 82; same-sex relationships in, 67â68, 70â74, 77â82; science in, 56, 78â79; slavery in, 22, 63, 64; suffrage in, 70; violence in, 40, 63, 64â66, 69
American Friends Service Committee, 203, 206
American Legion, 145, 176
American Revolutionary War, 26, 29â30, 36, 48â49
American Revolutionary War era: American Revolutionary War, 26, 29â30, 36, 48â49; citizenship and, 29; correspondence in, xi, 33â35, 45; cross-dressing in, 35, 36, 37; desire in, xiâxii, 32, 33â34; Enlightenment in, 26â28; friendship in, 32â35; gender in, 28â32, 35â39; identity in, 40, 41; individual in, 28; laws in, 27â28, 30; liberty in, 27â28, 38; literature in, 29â30, 36, 37â39; marriage in, 32â33; Native Americans in, 29; persecuting society in, 39; pleasure in, 34; privacy in, 39; public sphere in, 39; religion in, 26â27, 35â36, 38, 64; same-sex relationships in, 32â35, 36; slavery in, 29; sodomy in, 28, 30; transgender in, 38â39; treason in, 48â49
Amico, Michael, 133
anal sex, 8, 61, 85.
See also
sodomy
anarchism, 91, 92, 93â94, 97â98, 183, 210
Anderson, Robert, 197
Andrews, Stephen Pearl, 81â82
Anger, Kenneth, 199
Another County
(Baldwin), 183, 202
Araxes
(Ulrichs), 78â79
Arkansas, 219
Arrow Collar Man, 138â39
art: in 1960s, 199â200; in American Civil War era, 74â77; the body and, 74â77, 138â39; community and, 126â28; consumerism and, 138â39; democracy and, 77; gender and, 74â75, 138â39; LGBT movements and, 232â34; marginalization and, 127â28; in New York City, 199; privacy and, 126â28; public sphere and, 126â28; race and, 76â77; religion and, 75; social class and, 77; social purity movements and, 86â87.
See also
entertainment; literature
Asch, Sholem, 117
Autobiography of an Androgyne
(Lind), 98â99, 123
Baden-Powell, Robert, 133â34
Baez, Joan, 208
Balboa, Vasco Núñez de, 5
Baldwin, James, 183, 202â3
Bankhead, Tallulah, 121
Bannon, Ann, 187, 188
Barr, James, 168, 183
bathhouses, 227, 228â29
Beat movement, 200â201, 204
beatniks, 200â201
Bell, Book and Candle
(Van Druten), 197
Ben, Lisa (Edith Eyde), 176
berdache, 3â5
Bergler, Edmund, 185â86, 186â87
Berkman, Alexander, 93, 97â98, 143, 151
Bérubé, Allan, xiv, 159, 160, 170, 229
Bethune, Mary McLeod, 149
Better Angel
(Meeker), 126
Bible: in American Civil War era, 64; in American Revolutionary War era, 35â36, 38; David and Jonathan in, 97; gender and, 28, 35â36, 38, 48; laws and, 8; persecuting society and, 64; slavery and, 22â23, 64.
See also
religion
Bieber, Irving, 185â86, 218
Bingham, James Hervey, xiâxii, 33
birth control, 86, 99, 100, 133, 147, 206â7
bisexuals, 218
Black Panther Party, 206, 211, 214, 216, 229
the body: in 1950s, 188â90, 196; in 1960s, 196, 207â8; African Americans and, 76â77; in American Civil War era, 65â66, 74â77; art and, 74â77, 138â39; in colonial era, 12, 17; consumerism and, 137â39; dress and, 196; gender and, 74â75, 137â39, 142, 157, 196; liberty and, 28, 207â8; in literature of the East, 51; Puritanism and, 12, 28; race and, 57â58, 76â77; religion and, 142; violence and, 17; World War II and, 157, 162â63, 167
Bond, Pat, 159â60, 166
Boone, Daniel, 41, 134
Boston: Boston Gay History Project, 10â11; Boston marriages, 72â74; Boston Martyrs, 15; community and, 108, 171, 172, 173; foundation of, 6; population of, 19, 106â7
Boston Gay History Project, 10â11
The Bostonians
(James), 72
Boston marriages, 72â74
Bowers v. Hardwick
, 230
Bowery, 122â23
Bowie, David, 204, 216
Boy Scouts, 133â34, 137
Boys in the Band
, 237
Bradford, William, 14, 16, 25
Brando, Marlon, 190
Bray, Alan, 11, 12, 16, 32
Brewer, Lucy, 37â39
The Brick Foxhole
(Brooks), 169
Briggs, John, 220
Brokeback Mountain
, 237
Brooks, Richard, 169
Brophy, Brigid, 183
brothels, 42, 84, 85â86.
See also
prostitution
Brown, Foreman, 126
Brown, Rita Mae, 212, 213
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 71â72
Brown v. Board of Education
, 93
Bryant, Anita, 219â20, 221, 222, 223â24, 237, 240
Buck v. Bell
, 133
Burke, Cannary, xii, 42
burlesque, 113â14, 118
Burns, John Horne, 167â68, 184
Burroughs, Edgar Rice, 135â36
Burroughs, William, 200
Butterfly Man
(Levenson), 126
Cadmus, Paul, 139
Caffe Cino, 198
Calamity Jane, xii, 42
Calhoun, Rory, 192, 194
California, 46â48, 220â21, 239.
See also
Los Angeles; San Francisco
camp, 199
Cannon Towel company, 162â63
capitalism: civil rights and, 212; in colonial era, 2, 5, 17, 19, 22; identity and, xvi, 83, 130; immigration and, 83; Industrial Revolution and, 83; race and, 83, 212; Red Scare and, 145; slavery and, 22.
See also
economy
capital punishment, 9, 14â15, 20
Caprio, Frank S., 185â86
The Captive
(Hornblow), 117
Carpenter, Edward, 77â78, 80â81, 109, 126
Carpenter, Tyler, 158, 160
Casal, Mary, 99
Cashier, Albert, 69â70
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
(Williams), 197
Cecil Dreeme
(Winthrop), 67
censorship: in 1950s, 182, 197, 200, 201; in 1960s, 195, 199; in 1970s, 214; community and, 182; of entertainment, 104, 116, 117â18, 119, 182, 195, 197, 199; of film, 87; government and, 117â18, 142â43, 145, 146, 157; LGBT movements and, 182; of literature, 125â26, 169â70, 200, 201; of obscenity, 86, 201; of pornography, 214; religion and, 117â18, 119; social purity movements and, 86, 87, 95; World War II and, 157, 169â70
Chaddock, Charles Gilbert, 96â97, 103
Charles I, 6, 7
Chauncey, George, xiv, 47, 111â12, 112â13, 122â23
children: in 1950s, 190â91; in 1970s, 218, 219â20, 221, 222â23; in 1980s, 236; gender and, 131; government and, 148; identity and, 236â37; laws and, 236; LGBT movements and, 181, 218, 219â20, 221, 222â23, 236â37
“Children of Adam” (Whitman), 67
The Children's Hour
(Hellman), 198
Christianity: AIDS and, 226â27, 234â35; in American Civil War era, 63â64; in American Revolutionary War era, 35â36, 38, 64; art and, 75; Emerson and, 50; gender and, 28, 35â36, 38; heterosexuality and, 140â42; laws and, 22â23; LGBT movements and, 219â20, 223â24; persecuting society and, 64; reproduction and, 85; slavery and, 22â23, 64.
See also
individual sects of;
religion
church and state, separation of, 26
Church of England, 6, 7
Cities of the Plain
(Proust), 125
citizenship: in American Civil War era, 70â71, 78â82; in American Revolutionary War era, 29; in colonial era, 21, 23; community and, 70â71, 127; emotion and, 66; eugenics and, 133; feminism and, 56; gender and, 70â71, 134; heterosexuality and, 134; identity and, 134; liberty and, 78â82; military and, 166; privacy and, 39; race and, 127, 134; science and, 78â79; slavery and, 21, 23; social purity movements and, 102â3; World War II and, 152â53, 166
The City and the Pillar
(Vidal), 168
civil disobedience, 56â57, 92, 93, 234â35
Civilian Conservation Corps, 153
civilization, 25, 44â46, 51, 58â62
civil rights: in 1950s, 202, 203; in 1960s, 203, 204, 206; in 1970s, 216, 218â24; AIDS and, 230â35; American Civil Liberties Union, 147, 148; in American Civil War era, 78â80; capitalism and, 212; communism and, 203; conservative movements and, 221; Harlem Renaissance and, 127â28; LGBT movements and, 202, 203, 211â12, 218â24, 230â35, 238â42; movements for, 91â93, 127â28, 202, 203, 206, 211â12, 216, 218â24, 230â35, 238â42; segregation, 92, 93, 108, 112â13, 154; social purity movements and, 91â93; violence and, 206, 241â42.
See also
citizenship; equality; human rights; liberty