A Gambling Man: Charles II's Restoration Game (64 page)

2
Evelyn III 490, 17 August 1667. See also Keay 147

3
Many of the letters from Ruvigny and his successor Colbert are transcribed in Mignet, and can also be found in the ‘transcripts from French archives’ PRO 31/3/106–125 (1660–70). The responses of the foreign minister Lionne and Louis himself are in CA.

4
Ruvigny to Louis XIV, 6 December 1667; Barbour 125

5
T. P. Courtenay,
Memoirs of Sir William Temple
(1836) II 381–2. See also K. H. D. Haley,
An English Diplomat in the Low Countries: Sir William Temple and John de Witt, 1665–1672
(1986) 162–82

6
Instructions to Sir William Temple, 25 November 1667; Pincus 434

7
Hutton,
Restoration
255

8
Norrington 143, CII to Minette, 23 January 1668

9
Reresby 75

10
Reported by William Temple in a letter to his father, 22 July 1668, Temple,
Works
(1750) I 434–8

34 Buckingham’s Year

1
Norrington 146–7, CII to Minette, 5 March 1668

2
Pepys VIII 512, 31 October 1667

3
His Commons allies included Osborne, Sir Thomas Gower, Sir Henry Belasyse, Sir William Lowther, Sir Richard Temple, Sir Robert Howard, Charles Sedley, Edward Seymour and William Garaway. Buckingham I xxxiv; Alan Marshall,
The Age of Faction
(1999) 41–5

4
Halifax, in Ollard,
Image
158

5
Ailesbury I 146

6
Hutton,
CII
506, citing Maurice Lee,
The Cabal
(1965)

7
Burnet I 183–4

8
Absalom and Achitophel
, Dryden,
Poems
I 495–6

9
Buckingham I xl

10
Pepys IX 27, 17 January 1668

11
Norrington 139, CII to Minette, 17 October 1667

12
See Pepys IX 27, 17 January 1668 and Le Fleming 55

13
CSPD
1667–8, 192, 193, 400;
Gazette
27 February

14
Commonplace Book; Chapman,
Villiers
148, 149

15
Pepys IX 201, 15 May 1668

16
Burnet I 453

17
February 1668; see Miller,
CII
138. Charles also dismissed the bishops of Winchester and Rochester from court and appointed Herbert Croft of Hereford, the sole anti-Clarendon bishop, as the new dean of the Chapel Royal.

18
Buckingham II, Appendix I, 3

19
CSPD
1667, 437, 451, 454–5, 457, 484

20
Magalotti 25

21
See Shapiro 170–5

22
See D. R. Lacey,
Dissent and Parliamentary Politics in England 1661–1689
(1969) 56–8. Sir Matthew Hale drafted the comprehension bill; Dr John Owen, leader of the Independents, drew up proposals for toleration of sects outside the Church.

23
LJ
XII 181

24
Milward 179, 6 February 1668

25
Ibid. 216–22 for the lengthy debate on the King’s speech, 11 March 1668, also 248–50

26
Keay 133, citing BL Add. MS 36,916, f. 103r

27
Quoted in Nicholas von Maltzahn, ‘Andrew Marvell and Lord Wharton’,
Seventeenth Century
, XVIII no. 2 (Autumn 2003) 255–6

28
Paradise Lost
XII

29
Sir Charles Wolsely,
Liberty of Conscience, the Magistrate’s Interest
(1668), quoted in Gary S. de Krey, ‘Radicals, reformers and republicans’, Houston and Pincus 84

30
Grey,
Debates
I 71, 14 February 1668

31
Bod. Carte MSS 46, f. 600, Arlington to Ormond, 18 February 1668

32
Pepys IX 71, 14 February 1668

33
Milward 190, 19 February 1668

34
Pepys IX 178, 29 April 1668

35
Grey,
Debates
I 95–6, 93–7; Milward 200, 27 February 1668

36
CJ
IX 44

37
See Harris,
London Crowds
82–91

38
Pepys IX 129, 24 March 1668

39
Ibid. 132, 25 March 1668

40
The Poore Whore’s Petition. To the most Splendid, Illustrious, Serene and Eminent Lady of Pleasure, the Countess of Castlemayne
(1668); MSS reply, Bod. MS Don b.8, 190–3;
The Gracious Answer of the Most Illustrious Lady of Pleasure, the Countess of Castlemayne…To the Poor-Whoores Petition
(1668), reprinted in Steinman, 101–11

41
The Gracious Answer
, Hamilton 120–1

42
State Trials
VI 879–914;
CSPD
1667–8, 310–11

43
Pepys IX 373, 23 November 1668

35 Loving Too Well

1
Pepys IX 192, 9 May 1668

2
King’s Works
215–16

3
Evelyn III 555

4
Reresby 259

5
Magalotti 27; Weiser 19

6
Magalotti 27

7
‘A Satire on Charles II’, Rochester,
Poems
11–15

8
Pepys VII 368, 30 July 1667

9
Ibid. 368, 355; 30 and 27 July 1667

10
Etherege,
She Would If She Could
I ii, ed. C. M. Taylor (1973) 25

11
Downes 55

12
Burnet 483

13
Pepys IX 81, 20 February 1668

14
Pepys IX 186, 5 May 1668

15
Hamilton,
Castlemaine
121

16
Pepys IX 398, 21 December 1668

17
Quoted in Weiser 21

18
Norrington 151, CII to Minette, 7 May 1668

19
Pepys IX 210, 31 May 1668

20
Mary married the Earl of Derwentwater, and by a heartbreaking turn of fate, two of their three sons – Charles’s grandsons – were executed in the Jacobite risings of 1715 and 1745.

21
Norrington 138, CII to Minette, 26 August 1667

22
See
Hatton Correspondence
I 52

23
Norrington 143, CII to Minette, 23 January 1668

24
Pepys IX 205, 19 May 1668

25
Norrington 151, CII to Minette, 7 May 1668

26
Ruvigny to Lionne, 28 June 1668, Hartmann 158

27
Norrington 154, CII to Minette, 14 June 1668

28
Fraser 261; Shapiro 219, 288

36 Sweet Ladies

1
Pepys IX 335–6, 338–9, 23, 25 October 1668

2
Anon. (attrib. Etherege), ‘The Lady of Pleasure: a Satyr’, see James Thorpe, ed.,
Poems of Sir George Etherege
(1963)

3
S. M. Wynne,
ODNB
. Several different versions appear in the biographies, including J. H. Wilson (1952), Roy MacGregor-Hastie (1987), and Derek Parker (2000). The most recent is Charles Beauclerk,
Nell Gwyn: A Biography
(2005).

4
Pepys IX 91, 2 March 1667

5
Winn 183. Dryden had recently lent Charles £500, returning an instalment of his wife’s dowry.

6
Dryden,
Secret Love
I ii,
Works
IX 187

7
Ibid. V i,
Works
IX 182

8
Ibid.,
Works
IX 199

9
The Mad Couple
; Summers 116

10
Beauclerk 128

11
Dryden,
An Evening’s Love, or The Mock Astrologer
IV I,
Works
X 273

12
Ibid.,
Works
X 280

13
PRO 31/3/121, Colbert de Croissy to Lionne, 31 January 1669; S. M. Wynne, ‘The Mistresses of Charles II and Restoration Court Politics’,
Stuart Courts
180

14
Beauclerk 138–40

15
Pepys IX 415, 417; 15, 16 January 1669

16
Dryden,
Tyrannick Love
V I,
Works
X 178

17
Evelyn III 560, 28 August 1670

18
Magalotti 39

19
Grammont
101

20
Beauclerk 154; PRO 31/3

21
Burnet I 484

22
The first mention is the
Supplement
to James Granger’s
Biographical Dictionary
, 1774.

37 Troublesome Men

1
Thirsk and Cooper, I 520–24; PRO SP 29/247, no. 15. The members were Arlington, Robartes, Buckingham, Lauderdale, Clifford, Carteret and Ashley. In 1670 a new Council for Plantations was created, followed by Ashley’s Council for Trade and Plantations of 1672.

2
Burnet I 170

3
Ralph Montagu to Arlington, 19 October 1669, Montagu–Arlington letters, Buccleugh MSS 442

4
Pepys IX 386, 7 December 1668

5
Hartmann,
Madame
; Chapman,
Great Villiers
153

6
Pepys IX 462, 467, 471–91; 1, 4, 6–20 March 1669; PRO/31/3/121 ff. 198–200, Colbert de Croissy to Lionne

7
Buckingham I 249–54

8
Pepys IX 469, 4 March 1669

9
Ibid. 346, 4 November 1668

10
Harris,
Restoration
380

11
Le Fleming MSS 61; Carte,
Ormonde
III 69

12
Burnet I 489

13
Ibid. 432

14
September 1667. See
Lauderdale Papers
II 49–90

15
Lauderdale Papers
II 168–71

16
Mary K. Geiter,
William Penn
(2000)

17
Lauderdale Papers
II 163–4; Harris,
Restoration
121

18
Margoliouth II 221, ascribed to Marvell but authorship unknown. MS dated 1680

19
Burnet I 448

38 Charles And Louis