1858 (65 page)

528
.
Albany Evening Journal
, October 27, 1858.

529
. Wendell Phillips,
Speeches, Lectures and Letters
(Boston: J.Redpath, 1863), 353.

530
. Cornelius Baker to William Seward, January 19, 1858, Seward Papers.

531
. J. F. Brown to William Seward, January 18, 1858, Seward Papers.

532
. Baker, 4:289–302; Rozwenc,
The Causes of the American Civil War
, 11–20.

533
. Seward speech at Rome, N.Y., October 29, 1858, in
Albany Evening Journal
, November 2, 1858.

534
.
Rochester Democrat and American
, November 4, 1858.

535
. Hobart Berrian to William Seward, November 9, 1858, Seward Papers.

536
. George Palmer to William Seward, November 12, 1858, George Harris to Seward, November 12, 1858, Chester Harding to Seward, November 5, 1858, Seward Papers.

537
. George Baker to William Seward, November 4, 1858, Seward Papers;
New York Tribune
, December 1, 1858.

538
. Frederick Seward, 251.

539
.
Little Rock State Gazette and Democrat
, November 12, 1858; Davis,
Breckinridge
, 207.

540
. Buchanan, 57–58.

541
. Ibid., 58.

542
.
New York Times
, October 28, 1858.

543
. Foner,
Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: the Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War
, 69–70; Simms, 150.

544
. Frederick Seward, 353.

545
. Dubin,
United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776–1860: The Official Results by State and County
, 179–180.

546
.
New York Tribune
, November 4, 1858.

547
.
Albany Evening Journal
, November 3, 1858.

548
. Waugh, 122.

549
. Comments of political leaders on Seward, Baker, 4:681–687.

550
.
New York Times
, November 2, 1858;
Rochester Union and Advertiser
, November 3, 1858.

551
. “Sewardism” might have been first used in the
New York Atlas and Argus
newspaper, October 29, 1858, reprinted in the
Albany Evening Journal
, October 30, 1858.

552
. T.C. Leland to William Seward, November 1, 1858, Seward Papers.

553
. John Hasbrouck to William Seward, January 18, 1858, Seward Papers.

554
. Edward Everett Hale Jr.,
William Henry Seward
(Philadelphia: George Jacobs and Co., 1910), 237–241.

555
. Conrad, 321–322.

556
. Frederick Seward, 353.

557
.
Cincinnati Gazette
, October 25, 1858.

558
. W. Dean Burnham,
Presidential Ballots, 1836–1892
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955), 704;
National Intelligencer
, October 25, 1858; Brady, 28–29, 37.

559
. Milo Holcomb to Abraham Lincoln, July 19, 1860, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Princeton University.

560
. Stanton Davis,
Pennsylvania Politics, 1860–1863
(Cleveland: Western Reserve University Press, 1935), 29.

561
.
Pennsylvania Public Ledger
, February 28, 1856.

562
. Sister Theopain Geary,
A History of Third Parties in Pennsylvania
(Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1938), 226.

563
.
Harrisburg Telegraph
, October 27, 1858.

564
.
Philadelphia Press
, October 25, 1858.

565
. James Buchanan to Harriet Lane, October 15, 1858; Moore, 10:229; Milton, 307;
American Volunteer
, November 27, 1856.

566
. Dubin,
United States Congressional Elections, 1788–1997, Official Results
, 181–184;
Congressional Quarterly Guide to United States Elections
(Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1975), 604–605.

567
. Nichols,
Disruption
, 219–221.

568
.
Cleveland Plain Dealer
, November 4, 1858;
Buffalo Register and Times
, November 6, 1858;
Philadelphia Press
, November 6, 1858;
Daily Chicago Times
, November 8, 1858;
National Slavery Standard
, November 13, 1858;
New York Evening Post
, November 5, 1858;
Philadelphia Press
, November 4, 1858.

569
. Nichols, 223–224.

570
. William Herndon and Jesse Weik,
Abraham Lincoln: The True Story of a Great Life
, 3 vols. (Chicago: Belford, Clarke and Co., 1889), 2:127; Basler, 3:335; William Barton,
The Life of Abraham Lincoln
, 2 vols. (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co, 1925), 1:403; Basler, 3:346.

571
. Damon Wells,
Stephen Douglas: The Last Years, 1857–1861
(Austin: University of Texas Press, 1971), 132–133; Zarefsky, 207;
Illinois State Journal
, November 3, 1858.

572
. Beveridge, 2:697n; Zarefsky, 205; Holzer, 373.

573
. David Brady,
Critical Elections and Congressional Policy Making
(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988), 22.

574
. Nichols, 21–40.

575
. Brady, 38–39.

576
. Brady, 40.

577
. James Sundquist,
Dynamics of the Party System
(Washington, DC: The Brookings Institute, 1983), 78–79.

578
. Sundquist, 82–83.

579
.
Washington Star
, September 25, 1858; Buchanan to Harriet Lane, October 15, 1858, Moore, 10:229–230.

580
. William Sherman to Ellen Sherman, April 15, 1859, Sherman Papers; John F. Marszalek,
Sherman: A Soldier’s Passion for Order
(New York: Free Press, 1993), 119.

581
. Pawn shop slip, December 23, 1857, with January 23, 1858, expiration date, John Simon, ed.,
The Papers of Ulysses S Grant, 1837–1861
, vol. 1 of 26 vols. (Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 1967), 1:339.

582
. U.S. Grant to his sister Mary, March 21, 1858, John Simon, ed.,
The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, 1837–1861
, 1:340–341.

583
. U.S. Grant to his sister, Simon, 1:339.

584
.
New York Times
, September 10, 1885.

585
. B. H. Liddell Hart,
Sherman: Soldier, Realist, American
(New York: Praeger Publishing, 1960), 46–47.

586
. James Merrill,
William Tecumseh Sherman
(New York: Rand McNally, 1971), 96.

587
. William Sherman to Thomas Ewing, January 3, 1857, Sherman Papers, Princeton University Archives.

588
. William Sherman to Thomas Ewing, January 1, 1857, Sherman Papers.

589
. Marszalek, 20–24.

590
. E. V. Smalley, “General Sherman,”
Century Magazine
5 (January 1884), 453.

591
. William Sherman to Ellen Ewing, August 21, 1839, Sherman Papers.

592
. William Sherman to Ellen Sherman, November 10, 1847, February 3, 1848, Sherman Papers.

593
. William Sherman to Ellen Sherman, M. A. DeWolfe Howe, ed.,
Home Letters of General Sherman
(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1909), 152–158.

594
. Maraszalek, 93–95.

595
. Maraszalek, 94–95.

596
. Stanley Hirshorn,
The White Tecumseh: A Biography of General William Tecumseh Sherman
(New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1997), 87.

597
. James Merrill,
William Tecumseh Sherman
, 97.

598
. Charles Flood,
Grant and Sherman: The Friendship That Won the Civil War
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005), 30.

599
. Ellen Sherman to Maria Ewing, October 31, 1853, Sherman Papers.

600
. William Sherman to Thomas Ewing, September 29, 1853, Sherman Papers.

601
. Lee Kennett,
Sherman: A Soldier’s Life
(New York: HarperCollins, 2001), 73.

602
. Hirshorn, 87; William Sherman to William Turner, undated, Sherman Papers.

603
. Maraszalek, 100–102.

604
.
Memphis Commercial Appeal
, June 30, 1912.

605
. William Sherman to Thomas Ewing, February 25, 1855, Sherman Papers.

606
.
Overland Monthly
, April 17, 1891.

607
. William Sherman,
Memoirs
, 2 vols. (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1875), 1:134. Sherman’s memoirs were later compiled in one volume, 1,136 pages, published in New York by the Library of America in 1990.

608
. Ibid., 1:124–125.

609
. Ibid, 1:125.

610
. Kennett,
Sherman: A Soldier’s Life
, 80–82.

611
. William Sherman to unknown friend, October 7, 1857, Sherman Papers.

612
. William Sherman,
Memoirs
, 1:137.

613
. Sherman to Turner, autumn of 1857, Sherman to Ellen Sherman, January 29, 1857, and August 24, 1857, Sherman Papers; M. A. deWolfe Howe,
Home Letters of General Sherman
(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1909), 148–158.

614
. William Sherman to Ellen Sherman, March 3, 1858, Sherman Papers.

615
. William Sherman to Ellen Sherman, July 29, 1857, August 24, 1857, Sherman Papers.

616
. William Sherman to Henry Turner, March 4, 1858, Sherman Papers.

617
. Stan Hirshorn,
The White Tecumseh: A Biography of General William Tecumseh Sherman
(New York: John Wiley, 1997), 50.

618
. Ibid., 54.

619
. Ibid., 51.

620
. Ibid., 55.

621
. For further biographical information, see Theodore Burton,
John Sherman
(Boston: Houghton and Mifflin Co., 1906).

622
. William Sherman to John Sherman, November 16, 1858, Sherman Papers.

623
. William Sherman to Ellen Sherman, June 1, 1859, Sherman Papers.

624
. Hirshorn, 55.

625
. William Sherman to Ellen Sherman, Spring 1858, Sherman Papers.

626
. Hirshorn, 58.

627
. William Sherman to Ellen Sherman, September 25, 1858, Sherman Papers.

628
. Hirshorn, 63.

629
. Marszalek, 120–121.

630
. Merrill, 56, 142.

631
. Buchanan’s message to Congress, Curtis 2:224.

632
.
Cleveland Plain Dealer
, December 6, 1858.

633
. Buchanan’s inaugural address, March 4, 1857, Moore, 10:113, 173–175.

634
. British diplomat Charles Wyke to Lord John Russell, January 17, 1861, quoted in Robert May, “James Buchanan, Neutrality Laws and American Invasions of Nicaragua,” in Birkner, 127.

635
. Klein, 322.

636
. Ibid., 322; Curtis 2:216–220.

637
. Buchanan’s second annual message to Congress, December 6, 1858, Moore, 10:262–263.

638
. Ostend addendum, Curtis 2:140.

639
. Hugh Thomas,
The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1440–1870
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997), 758–760.

640
. James Buchanan to Christopher Fallon, December 14, 1857, Buchanan Papers.

641
. Nichols, 228–230; Elbert Smith,
The Presidency of James Buchanan
(Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 1975), 76–77.

642
. Buchanan’s annual message to Congress, Moore, 10:248–253.

643
. Hugh Thomas, 771.

644
. Hugh Thomas, 765.

645
. Foner, 227–230.

646
. Smith, 77–78.

647
. Klein, 325.

648
.
The National Intelligencer
, January 24, 1859.

649
. Message on the consuler powers in China, James Buchanan to the Senate and House, December 27, 1858; message on the clearance of vessels at Mobile, Alabama, to the House of Representatives, January 4, 1859.

650
.
Des Moines Sunday Register
, March 27, 1927.

651
. Frederick Douglass,
Life and Times of Frederick Douglass: His Early Life as a Slave, His Escape from Bondage and His Complete History
(New York: Gramercy Books, 1993), 260–261.

652
.
Akron (Ohio) Beacon
, June 1881.

653
. Salmon Brown, “Personal Recollections of My Father,”
Portland (Oregon) Telegram
, October 20, 1906; Salmon Brown, “My Father, John Brown,”
Outlook
, January 25, 1913, 142–150;
New York Evening Post
, October 23, 1909.

654
. John Brown Jr. to a friend, December 12, 1890, Stutler Collection.

655
. Salmon Brown, “My Father, John Brown,”
Outlook
, January 1913, 142–150.

656
. W. E. B. DuBois,
John Brown
(Millwood, N.Y.: Kraus-Thomson Organization, Limited, 1973), 71.

657
. Richard Boyer,
The Legacy of John Brown: A Biography and History
(New York: Alfred Knopf, 1973), 560.

658
. McPherson, 148–149.

659
. Brown speech, March 22, 1859, Redpath, 239–240.

660
. Charles Robinson to John Brown, September 14, 1856, J. W. Winkley,
John Brown: The Hero
(Boston: James West Co., 1905), 14, 16.

661
. James Malin,
John Brown and the Legend of Fifty-Six
(Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1942), 648.