1858 (64 page)

395
. Shipherd, 274.

396
. Cochran,
The Western Reserve and the Fugitive Slave Law
, 133.

397
. Shipherd, 141.

398
. Shipherd, 144.

399
. Riddle’s trial summation, in Shipherd, 55.

400
. Warren Guthrie, “The Oberlin-Wellington Rescue Case, 1859,” in Auer, ed.,
Antislavery and Disunion, 1858–1861
, 90.

401
. Shipherd, 88–89.

402
. Ibid., 181.

403
. Brandt, 196.

404
.
Oberlin Evangelist
, April 27, 1859.

405
. Shipherd, 90, 92.

406
. Shipherd, 91–92.

407
. William Lincoln, “Wellington Rescue,” Palmer Collection, Western Reserve Historical Society, in Brandt, 200.

408
.
Oberlin Evangelist
, May 25, 1859.

409
.
Cleveland Plain Dealer
, April 18, 1859.

410
. Charles Galbreath,
History of Ohio
, 2 vols. (Chicago: American Historical Society, Inc., 1928–29), 2:228.

411
. Brandt, 175.

412
. Brandt, 188.

413
. Charles Langston testimony, in Shipherd, 178.

414
.
Norwalk (Ohio) Reflector
, May 17, 1859.

415
. Shipherd, 220–221.

416
. Brandt, 188–189.

417
. Brandt, 176–177.

418
. Jules Abels,
Man on Fire: John Brown and the Cause of Liberty
(New York: Macmillan and Co., 1971), 233.

419
. Ibid., 203–204;
Cleveland Plain Dealer
, May 24, 1858.

420
. Shipherd, 258.

421
. Salmon Chase to Charles Sumner, May 23, 1856, in Sumner Papers, Harvard University, in Fred Blue,
Salmon Chase: A Life in Politics
(Kent, Ohio: Kent State Press, 1987), 106.

422
.
Ohio Statesman
, May 28, 1859.

423
. Salmon Chase to Abraham Lincoln, May 15, 1859, John Niven, ed.,
Salmon P. Chase Papers: Correspondence
,
1858–1863
, 4 vols. (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University, 1993), 2:14–15.

424
. Joseph Medill to Salmon Chase, Niven, 2:10–11.

425
. John Niven,
Salmon P. Chase: A Biography
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 207–209.

426
. Salmon Chase to John Sherman, March 3, 1866, Sherman Papers, Ohio State Historical Society.

427
.
New York Times
editorial reprinted in the
Cincinnati Daily Gazette
, June 3, 1859.

428
.
Cleveland Plain Dealer
, May 24, 1858.

429
. Ex Parte Bushnell, 9 Ohio State Reports 198, 1859, in Auer, notes.

430
.
Cleveland Plain Dealer
, May 31, 1859.

431
. Brandt, 213.

432
. Douglas to Robert Scott, Robert Johannsen,
Letters of Stephen A. Douglas
, 247–248; Fred Harvey Harrington, “The First Northern Victory,”
Journal of Southern History
, May 1939, 186.

433
. Abraham Lincoln to Samuel Chase, June 9, 1859, Basler, 3:384.

434
. Abraham Lincoln to Samuel Galloway, July 28, 1859, Basler, 3:394.

435
. Shipherd, 264–265.

436
. Robert Fletcher,
A History of Oberlin College
, 2 vols. (Oberlin, Ohio, 1943), 1:410; Shipherd, 265.

437
. Shipherd, 265–275. James Fitch, “Wellington Rescue Case in 1858,” Frances Hosford Papers, Oberlin College Library, in Brandt, 236–237.

438
. Wilbur Burroughs, “Oberlin’s Part in the Slavery Conflict,”
Ohio Archaeological and Historical Publications
, Cleveland, Ohio (1911), 20:300.

439
. William Lloyd Garrison to James Monroe, April 22, 1859, Monroe Papers, Oberlin College Library.

440
. James Buchanan to J. B. Baker, August 17, 1858, Buchanan Papers. This attitude was prevalent in letters throughout the campaign.

441
. Isaac Sturgeon to James Buchanan, October 1, 1858, Buchanan Papers.

442
. Isaac Sturgeon to Buchanan, October 13, 1858, Buchanan Papers.

443
. Isaac Sturgeon to James Buchanan, October 2, 1858, Buchanan Papers.

444
. Isaac Sturgeon to James Buchanan, October 1, 1858, Buchanan Papers.

445
. Ibid.

446
.
New York Herald
, October 5, 1858, Buchanan Papers.

447
. James Hughes to Isaac Sturgeon, sent on to James Buchanan, October 7, 1858, Buchanan Papers.

448
.
New York Tribune
, October 26, 1858.

449
. Thornton Lothrop,
William Henry Seward
(Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Co., 1896), 59.

450
. Earl Conrad,
The Governor and His Lady: The Story of William Henry Seward and His Wife Frances
(New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1960), 320–321.

451
.
Rochester Democrat and American
, October 25, 1858.

452
. Robert Oliver, “William Seward on the ‘Irrepressible Conflict,’” October 25, 1858, in Auer, 30–31.

453
. William Seward to Theodore Parker, July 1858, Seward Papers.

454
. Frederick Seward,
William H. Seward at Washington as Senator and Secretary of State: A Memoir of His Life, with Selections from his Letters
, 2 vols. (New York: Derby and Miller, 1891), 2:350.

455
. Edward Everett Hale on Seward,
William Seward
, (Schenectady: Union College, 1951 reprint), 9.

456
. May Young, ed.,
Men and Memories: Personal Reminiscences
, 2d ed. (New York: F.T. Neely, 1901), 60, in John Waugh,
On the Brink of the Civil War: The Compromise of 1850 and How It Changed the Course of American History
(Wilmington, Delaware : SR Books, 2003), 111; Oliver, 37.

457
. Frederick Seward,
William H. Seward at Washington as Senator and Secretary of State
, 352.

458
. William Seward speech in Buffalo, October 19, 1855, George Baker, ed.,
The Works of William Seward
, 5 vols. (Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Co., 1884), 4:248.

459
. Speech at Albany rally, 1855.

460
. Senator John Wilson,
New York Tribune
, November 9, 1858.

461
.
William Seward
, Union College pamphlet, 8.

462
. Murat Halstead’s physical description of Seward from his notes from covering the 1860 presidential campaign, in John Waugh,
On the Brink of Civil War: The Compromise of 1850 and How It Changed the Course of American History
(Wilmington, Del.: SR Books, 2003).

463
.
Albany Evening Journal
, October 26, 1858;
New York Times
, October 26, 1858.

464
. Harriet Weed, ed.,
Thurlow Weed: Life of Thurlow Weed, including his autobiography and a memoir, embellished in Portraits, and other illustrations
, 2 vols. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1884), 2:468.

465
. Don Seitz,
Horace Greeley, Founder of the New York Tribune
(Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1926), 168.

466
. Weed, 423.

467
. Glyndon Van Deusen,
Thurlow Weed: Wizard of the Lobby
(Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1947), 236–238.

468
. Van Deusen,
Thurlow Weed: Wizard of the Lobby
, 88–89.

469
. Conrad,
The Governor and His Lady: The Story of William Henry Seward and His Wife, Frances
, 268–269.

470
.
New York Tribune
, September 25, 1848.

471
. William Seward to James Watson Webb, February 1, 1849, Baker, ed.,
The Works of William Seward
, 3:415.

472
. Van Deusen, 110–111.

473
. Elihu Nott to Seward, February 14, 1849, Frederick Seward, 376.

474
.
New York Tribune
, February 9, 1849.

475
. Foner, 65; Frederick Seward, ed.,
Autobiography of William H. Seward, from 1801 to 1834: With a Memoir of His Life, and Selections from His Letters from 1831 to 1846
(New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1877), 268.

476
. Van Deusen, 117.

477
. William Seward to Hamilton Fish, Van Deusen, 118.

478
. William Seward to the Orleans County Whig Meeting, August 21, 1848, Baker,
Works
, 3:411.

479
. Bancroft, 287.

480
. Baker, 4:249.

481
. Van Deusen, 205.

482
. Davis,
Breckinridge
, 181.

483
. Henry Foote,
A Casket of Reminiscences
(Washington, DC: Chronicle Publishing, 1874), 130–131.

484
. John Dubose,
The Life and Times of William Lowndes Yancey: A History of Political Parties in the United States, 1834–1864
(New York: Peter Smith Publishers, 1942), 383.

485
. Paul Wellman,
The House Divides
(Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, 1966), 328.

486
. William Seward to George Patterson, February 9, 1850, Seward Papers.

487
. Henry Simms,
A Decade of Sectional Controversy
(Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1942), 53.

488
. Taylor,
William Henry Seward, Lincoln’s Right Hand
, 90.

489
. Ibid., 84–86.

490
. Seward’s “higher law” speech,
Congressional Globe
, 31st Congress, 1st session, 260–269.

491
. Hale in
Congressional Globe
, 31st Congress, 1st session, Appendix, 1065.

492
. F. A. Seward to William Seward, June 2, 1850, Seward Papers.

493
.
New York Tribune
, March 19, 1850.

494
. Lothrop,
William Henry Seward
, 83; John Waugh,
On the Brink of Civil War: The Compromise of 1850 and How It Changed the Course of American History
(Wilmington, Del.: SR Books, 2003), 155.

495
.
Charleston Courier
, March 23, 1850.

496
. Van Deusen, 124–125.

497
. Van Deusen, 128.

498
. George Bancroft,
The Life of William Henry Seward
, 2 vols. (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1900), 280–290.

499
. Eric Foner,
Free Labor, Free Soil, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1970), 303; William Seward to Gerrit Smith, May, 1845, Baker, 3:439.

500
. McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom
, 145.

501
. Baker, 4:517;
New York Times
, February 7, 1855.

502
. Hale, 237;
New York Tribune
, February 1, 1855.

503
. Van Deusen,
Thurlow Weed: Wizard of the Lobby
, 206–207.

504
. Seward speech at a Republican rally in Albany, N.Y., on October 12, 1855, Baker, 4:240.

505
.
Charleston Mercury
, June 2, 1858.

506
. Van Deusen,
Thurlow Weed: Wizard of the Lobby
, 202–203.

507
. Klein, 259.

508
. Alice Eyre,
The Famous Fremonts and Their America
(Boston: Christopher Publishing House, 1948), 273–276; Lothrop,
William Henry Seward
, 140–145; McPherson, 155–157.

509
. William Seward to Frances Seward, June 6, 1856; John Schoolcraft to Seward, June 14, 1858 (from Seward letter to George Baker on June 17, 1856), Seward Papers.

510
. Frederick Seward, 278.

511
. Klein, 257.

512
. McPherson, 160–161.

513
. Richard Rowan,
The Pinkertons: A Detective Dynasty
(Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1931), 133.

514
. Alvy King,
Louis T. Wigfall: Southern Fire-Eater
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1970), 61.

515
. Herbert Bashford and Harr Wagner,
A Man Unbound: the Story of John C. Fremont
(San Francisco: Harr Wagner Publishing, 1927), 362–363.

516
. Seward journal entries of December 10, 1857, January 1, 1858, in Frederick Seward,
Autobiography of William H. Seward, from 1801 to 1834: With a Memoir of His Life, and Selections from His Letters from 1831 to 1846
.

517
. John Dubose,
The Life and Times of William Lowndes Yancey: A History of Political Parties in the United States, 1834–1864
, 385; Albert Richardson, of Lawrence, Kansas, to William Seward, January 1, 1858, Seward Papers.

518
. Buchanan, 45;
National Intelligencer
, December 30, 1857, through the spring; George Baker to William Seward, January 12, 1858, Seward Papers.

519
. Nichols,
Disruption
, 54.

520
. Foner, 126;
Congressional Globe
, 35th Congress, 1st session, 939–945, 959–962.

521
. Ibid.

522
. Van Deusen, 190.

523
. Michael Dubin, ed.,
United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776–1860: The Official Results by State and County
(Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland Publishing, 2003), 179–180.

524
.
Albany Evening Journal
, October 28, 1858.

525
.
Albany Evening Journal
, October 27, 1858.

526
.
Hornellsville National American
editorial, quoted in the
Albany Evening Journal
, October 26, 1858.

527
.
Albany Evening Journal
, November 3, 1858.