Cinderella Ate My Daughter (22 page)

91 Parents in San Francisco: Meredith May, “Kids Escape to Spa Camp,”
The San Francisco Chronicle
, August 12, 2007, p. B1.

94 One prominent former: Andrea Canning and Jessica Hoffman, “Former Child Beauty Queen Speaks Out,”
Good Morning America
, August 13, 2009, http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/beauty-queen-takes-gma-scenes-pageants/story?id=8315785; for video, see http://jezebel.com/5336807/former-child-beauty -queen-says-pageants-led-to-emotional-problems.

Chapter 6: Guns and (Briar) Roses

98 there is virtually no research: Author’s interview with Diane Levin, Department of Education, Wheelock College, Boston, May 18, 2009. See also Diane E. Levin and Nancy Carlsson-Paige,
The War Play Dilemma
, p. 30.

98 violent play is useful: Author’s interview with Diane Levin, May 18, 2009. Levin and Carlsson-Paige,
The War Play Dilemma
, pp. 25–28, 37–39, 46.

98 children’s television advertising: Author’s interview with Diane Levin, May 18, 2009; Levin and Carlsson-Paige,
The War Play Dilemma
, pp. 3–5, 15–17.

99 rather than engaging in creative play: Author’s interview with Diane Levin, May 18, 2009; Levin and Carlsson-Paige,
The War Play Dilemma
, pp. 3–5.

100 Allied commanders banned: Thomas O’Neill, “Guardians of the Fairy Tale: The Brothers Grimm,”
National Geographic
, December 1999, www.nationalgeographic.com/grimm/article .html.

100 we avoid the Grimms’ grimness: Bruno Bettelheim,
The Uses of Enchantment
.

100 the brothers’ gore: Ibid., p. 19.

100 John Locke, disagreed: Ruth B. Bottigheimer, “Fairy Tales and Folk-Tales,” p. 154; John Locke,
Some Thoughts Concerning Education
, pp. 189–190.

100 fairy tales and
only
: Bettelheim,
The Uses of Enchantment
, pp. 35–41.

100 In their tiny minds: Ibid.; see, e.g., pp. 24–27, 39–40, 57–58.

100 the solutions to life’s struggles: Ibid., pp. 4–5, 25–26.

102 Calling the Grimms’: Maria Ibido, “Reading the Grimms’
Children’s Stories and Household Tales
,” pp. xxvii–xlvii.

102 Before the Grimms: Ibid., pp. xlii–xliii; Giambattista Basile, “Sun, Moon, and Talia.”

102 the porn of their day: Maria Tatar,
The Hard Facts of the Grimms’ Fairy Tales
, pp. xiii–xiv.

102 They were also rife: Ibid., pp. 10–11, 20.

102 The brothers’ delicacy: Ibid.

103 There are at least: Some scholars put the number at 345, others at “thousands.” For a list of some of them (and links to online texts), see “Tales Similar to Cinderella” at www.surlalune fairytales.com/cinderella/other.html.

103 The Chinese Yeh-Shen: This is the first known recorded version of a Cinderella story. See also Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm,
The Annotated Brothers Grimm
, p. 114.

104 splitting the mother: Tatar,
The Hard Facts
, p. 223.

105 she demands that he: Joan Gould,
Spinning Straw into Gold
, p. 70.

107 In the Andersen version: Hans Christian Andersen,
Hans Christian Andersen: Eighty Fairy Tales
, pp. 46–63.

108 the heroine shrewdly foiled: Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm, “The Robber Bridegroom,” in Grimm and Grimm,
The Annotated Brothers Grimm
, pp. 187–193.

108 a feisty girl saved her sisters: Grimm and Grimm,
The Annotated Brothers Grimm
, pp. 201–207.

108 a princess fearlessly: Ibid., pp. 291–300.

109 a seven-year vow of silence: Ibid., pp. 224–231.

109 I loved Diane Wolkstein’s: Diane Wolkstein,
The Glass Mountain
.

109 an Algonquin Indian legend: Katrin Tchana and Trina Schart Hyman, “Nesoowa and the Chenoo,” in Tchana and Hyman,
The Serpent Slayer
, pp. 13–18.

109 imagined in a “vivid dream”: Stephenie Meyer, “The Story Behind Twilight,” www.stepheniemeyer.com/twilight.html.

109 more than 100 million copies: John A. Sellers, “New Stephenie Meyer Novella Arriving in June,”
Publisher’s Weekly
, March 30, 2010. The Harry Potter series has sold more than three times as many volumes, but though the books are fantasy, I do not consider them to be fairy tales.

109 films based on the first two: Global grosses for
New Moon
, which broke opening-day records, were nearly $710 million as of June 8, 2010. Global grosses for
Twilight
were nearly $410 million. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=newmoon.htm; http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=twilight.htm.

109 No wonder it has been: Sara Vilkomerson, “Why Is
Twilight
Such Crack for Girls?”
The New York Observer
, November 20, 2008, www.observer.com/2008/o2/why-twilight-such-crack -girls; Sarah Hepola, “ ‘Twilight’ of Our Youth,”
Salon
, November 16, 2009, www.salon.com/life/feature/2009/11/16/twilight_of_our_youth; Tracee Sioux, “Empowering Girls: Twilight, Female Crack Cocaine.”

111 “some fear they can’t”: Cited in Hepola, “‘Twilight’ of Our Youth.”

111 “some things, it seems”: Laura Miller, “Touched by a Vampire,”
Salon
, July 30, 2008, www.salon.com/books/review/2008/07/30/Twilight.

Chapter 7: Wholesome to Whoresome: The Other Disney Princesses

114 Until the publication: Bruce Handy, “Miley Knows Best,”
Vanity Fair
, June 2008, www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/ 2008/06/miley200806.

114 Miley was quoted: Ibid.

114 releasing a formal: Brooks Barnes, “Revealing Photo Threatens a Major Disney Franchise,”
The New York Times
, April 28, 2008, p. C1.

115 Bruce Handy asked: Handy, “Miley Knows Best.”

116 Anne Sweeney: Karl Taro Greenfeld, “How Mickey Got His Groove Back,”
Portfolio
, May 2008, www.portfolio.com/news -markets/national-news/portfolio/2008/04/14/Disneys -Evolving-Business-Model; Julia Boorstin, “Disney’s ’Tween Machine,”
Fortune
, September 29, 2003, http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2003/09/29/349896/index.htm.

116 Within a year: Boorstin, “Disney’s ’Tween Machine.”

117 Duff quit: Stephen M. Silverman, “Lizzie McGuire Star Divorces Disney,”
People
, May 27, 2003, www.people.com/people/article/0,26334,626089,00.html.

117 Disney simply replicated: Boorstin, “Disney’s ’Tween Machine”; Greenfeld, “How Mickey Got His Groove Back.”

118 200 million viewers globally: Stephen Armstrong, “Teen Queen Is a Global Brand,”
The Sunday Times
, May 21, 2009, cited on www.dispatch.co.za/article.aspx?id=316998.

118
Billboard
’s top five: Ibid.

118 some were later scalped: Stephen M. Silverman, “Possible
Hannah Montana
Ticket Scalping Probed,”
People
, October 4, 2007, www.people.com/people/article/0,,20137827,00.html.

118 The limited-release: http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id =hannahmontanaconcert.htm.

118 more than $155 million worldwide: http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=hannahmontanamovie.htm.

118 Cyrus is on track: Greenfeld, “How Mickey Got His Groove Back.”

119 By age eleven: Kristin Mcmurran, “Shirley Temple Black Taps Out a Telling Memoir of Child Stardom,”
People
, November 28, 1988, www.people.com/people/archive/article/ 0,,20100608,00.html.

120 MGM forced: Christopher Finch,
Rainbow
, pp. 134–135.

120 a navel-baring swimsuit: There is a picture of said event at www.beachpartymoviemusic.com/TheMythoftheHidden Navel.html.

120 Hilary Duff appeared: See the cover of
Maxim
, August 2007.

120 “your favorite witch”: Stephen Schaefer, “Tarted-up Hart Draws ‘Sabrina’ Fire,”
USA Today
, November 17, 1999, www .usatoday.com/life/enter/leps004.htm.

120 she has been accused: TMZ Staff, “Vanessa Hudgens Attacks over Naked Pics,” August 6, 2009, www.tmz.com/2009/08/06/vanessa-hudgens-nude-photos/.

120 a film starring: Roger Ebert, “Review: Freaky Friday,”
Chicago Sun-Times
, August 6, 2003, http://rogerebert.sun times.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20030806/RE VIEWS/308060301/1023.

121 “a sleazy, inept and worthless”: William Booth, “Critics Everywhere Agree: These Were the Stinkers of Summer,”
The Washington Post
, September 12, 2007, www.washingtonpost .com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/11/AR2007091102208 .html.

121 Lohan, who admitted to drug use: Jennifer Vineyard, “Lindsay Lohan Admits Eating Disorder, Drug Use in
Vanity Fair
Interview,” MTV News, January 4, 2006, www.mtv.com/news/articles/1519731/20060104/lohan_lindsay.jhtml.

122 publicly insisted on her chastity: “Britney’s Boast Busts Virgin Myth,” July 9, 2003, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertain ment/3052143.stm.

122 she appeared on the cover: www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2009/05/28/lady-gaga-appears-semi-naked-on-roll ing-stone-and-more-controversial-nude-front-covers-from -the-last-twenty-years-115875-21396496/; see also John Harris, “Britney Spears: This Baby Doll Means Business,”
The Independent
, May 14, 2000, www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/britney-spears-this-baby-doll-means-busi ness-717538.html.

122 in an
Esquire
interview: Chuck Klosterman, “Bending Spoons with Britney Spears,”
Esquire
, October 1, 2008, www.es quire.com/women/women-we-love/britney-spears-pics -1103?click=main_sr.

123 “slore”: Melanie Lowe, “Colliding Feminisms: Britney Spears, ‘Tweens,’ and the Politics of Reception,”
Popular Music and Society
26, no. 2 (2003): 123–140.

123 Over the course: See “Britney Spears Biography,” www.people .com/people/britney_spears/biography.

126 she chooses clothing that: Tim Nudd, “Miley Cyrus: Being a Role Model Starts with the Clothes,”
People
, December 20, 2007, www.people.com/people/article/0,,20167543,00 .html.

127 “any parent’s antidote”:
The Barbara Walters Special
, ABC, February 24, 2008, video at www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfJ0wV6TjL8.

127 Once again, controversy: See, e.g., Katherine Thomson, “Miley Cyrus’ Teen Choice Pole Dance (Video),”
The Huffington Pos
t, August 10, 2009, www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/08/10/mi ley-cyrus-teen-choice-p_n_255338.html.

127 lying on a table: Holly Millea, “Miley Cyrus Cover Shoot,”
Elle
, July 27, 2009, www.elle.com/Pop-Culture/Cover-Shoots/Mi ley-Cyrus2/Miley-Cyrus-Cover-Shoot.

128 Bridgit Mendler: Belinda Luscombe, “Making New Mileys: Disney’s Teen-Star Factory,”
Time
, October 22, 2009, www .time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1930657,00.html.

129 A
Wall Street Journal
profile: Amy Chozick, “Creating the Next Teen Star,”
The Wall Street Journal
, August 28, 2009, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203706604574374561767358856.html.

129 Although she is actually: Ibid.

129 “true love waits” ring: Katherine Thomson, “Miley Cyrus on God, Remaking ‘Sex and the City’ and Her Purity Ring,” Weblog entry,
The Huffington Post
, July 15, 2008, www .huffingtonpost.com/2008/07/15/miley-cyrus-on-god -remaki_n_112891.html; “Disney Tween Selena’s Vow of Abstinence,”
Extra
, June 9, 2008, http://extratv.warnerbros .com/2008/06/disney_tween_selenas_vow_of_ab.php.

Chapter 8: It’s All About the Cape

135 nearly half of girls: For an overview of research on preadolescent girls’ body image, see Dohnt and Tiggemann, “Body Image Concerns in Young Girls.” See also Jessica Bennett, “Say ‘Cheese!’ and Now Say ‘Airbrush!’ ”
Newsweek
, February 16, 2008, www.newsweek.com/2008/02/16/say-cheese-and-now -say-airbrush.html; Peggy Orenstein,
Schoolgirls
, p. 97.

136 pinups of mid-nineteenth-century: Peter N. Stearns,
Fat History
, p. 9.

136 Those not blessed: Ibid., p. 80.

136 Children were considered sickly: Ibid., pp. 140–148.

136 overweight was first linked: Ibid., pp. 25–47.

136 Fat did not take on: Ibid., pp. 48–70.

138 has become the single: Orenstein,
Schoolgirls
, p. 94; Brown et al., “Changes in Self-Esteem in Black and White Girls Between the Ages of 9 and 14 Years.”