Art of Betrayal (73 page)

33
  Meeting #1, p. 22

34
  Meeting #5, 24 April 1961

35
  Professor Stephen Kotkin, ‘Soviet Capitulation', lecture at the London School of Economics, 20 May 2010

36
  Meeting #5

37
  Meeting #7

38
  Meeting #12

39
  Meeting #13

40
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 272

41
  Ibid., p. 275

42
  The fact that it had never been done before was mentioned by MI6 station chief Gervase Cowell in ‘The Role of the Intelligence Services in the Second World War', seminar held 9 November 1994, Institute of Contemporary British History, 2003,
http://www.ccbh.ac.uk/witness_intelligence_index.php, p.45

43
  Interview with Baroness Park

44
  ‘Baroness Park of Monmouth: Lives Remembered',
The Times
, 3 April 2010

45
  Ashley,
CIA Spymaster
, p. 197

46
  Penkovsky Operation, Parts 3 and 4, Tapes 22 October 1966

47
  Meeting #16

48
  Schecter and Deriabin,
Spy Who Saved the World
, p. 175

49
  Ibid., p. 178

50
  Obituary of Janet Chisholm,
Daily Telegraph,
6 August 2004

51
 
Gordon Barrass,
The Great Cold War
, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2009, p. 132

52
  Christopher Moran, ‘Fleming and CIA Director Allen Dulles' in Robert G. Weiner, B. Lynn Whitfield and Jack Becker (eds),
James Bond and Popular Culture
, Cambridge Schools Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, 2010; Andrew Lycett,
Ian Fleming
, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1995, pp. 383 and 367

53
 
http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical+Resources/Archives/Reference+Desk/Speeches/JFK/003P0F03BerlinCrisis07251961.htm

54
  ASSESSMENT OF [BLANK], 13 July 1961, declassified and available at
www.cia.gov

55
  Richard Deacon,
C: A Biography of Sir Maurice Oldfield
, Macdonald, London, 1984, p. 131

56
  Meeting #15

57
  Ashley,
CIA Spymaster
, p. 224

58
  Meeting #19

59
  Penkovsky Operation, Parts 3 and 4, Tapes 22 October 1966

60
  Ibid.

61
  Hart,
CIA's Russians
, p. 99

62
  Schecter and Deriabin,
Spy Who Saved the World
, p. 217

63
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, pp. 272 and 277

64
  Wynne,
Wynne and Penkovsky
, pp. 128 and 131

65
  Ibid., p. 76

66
  Schecter and Deriabin,
Spy Who Saved the World
, p. 221; Wynne,
Wynne and Penkovsky
, p. 140

67
  Penkovsky Operation, Parts 3 and 4, Tapes 22 October 1966

68
  See Chapter 7

69
  Penkovsky Operation, Parts 3 and 4, Tapes 22 October 1966

70
  Ashley,
CIA Spymaster
, p. 212

71
  Ibid., p. 211

72
  Ibid., p. 212; Schecter and Deriabin,
Spy Who Saved the World
, p. 262

73
  See, for instance, Meeting #4, p. 6

74
  Meeting #15, p. 5

75
  Meeting #35

76
  Schecter and Deriabin,
Spy Who Saved the World
, p. 257. Wynne would receive $213,700 jointly from the CIA and MI6 after he was released from prison

77
 
There is a note in the transcript reading: ‘There is no question that subject both wittingly and unwittingly can be most trying in his often capricious demands and handling him on the part of all concerned requires great patience even if understanding is not always possible.' This appears to refer to Wynne, although it might refer to Penkovsky

78
  Meeting #36

79
  Peter Hennessy,
The Secret State
, Penguin, London, 2002, pp. 6–7

80
  Michael Herman quoted in ibid., p. 12

81
  National Archives CAB 159/34, Minutes of meeting of 29 September 1960

82
  Meeting #37

83
  Meetings #1 and #33 include discussions

84
  Meeting #33

85
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 281

86
  Memorandum for the record, 11 January 1962 (misdated at top 1961), declassified and available at
www.cia.gov

87
  See, for instance, CIA memo ‘Discussion between SR/COP, CSR/9, DCSR/9, (blank) Re: SR/COP's European Trip February', 6 February 1962

88
  Schecter and Deriabin,
Spy Who Saved the World
, p. 292

89
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, pp. 398–9

90
  Translation of letter dated 10 April 1962, declassified by CIA and available at
www.cia.gov

91
  Gervase Cowell in ‘The Role of the Intelligence Services in the Second World War' seminar, p. 45

92
  Ibid.

93
  Ibid.

94
  Hart,
CIA's Russians
, p. 119

95
  Ibid.

96
  See, for instance, Meeting #11,1 May 1961

97
  Dino Brugioni,
Eyeball to Eyeball
, Random House, New York, 1992

98
  Schecter and Deriabin,
Spy Who Saved the World
, pp. 334–6

99
  Ibid., p. 336

100
  Len Scott, ‘Espionage and the Cold War: Oleg Penkovsky and the Cuban Missile Crisis',
Intelligence and National Security
, vol. 14, no. 3, Autumn 1999

101
 
Profession of Intelligence
, BBC Radio 4, 23 August 1981

102
  Hennessy,
Secret State
, p. 44

103
  Schecter and Deriabin,
Spy Who Saved the World
, p. 341

104
  Tape No. 4, Friday afternoon 9 November 1962, declassified by CIA and available at
www.cia.gov

105
  Ashley,
CIA Spymaster
, p. 234

106
  Joe Bulik in a 1998 interview published on the website of the National Security Archive, George Washington University

107
  Penkovsky case memorandum, 16 June 1963, declassified by CIA and available at
www.cia.gov

108
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 278

109
  Schecter and Deriabin,
Spy Who Saved the World
, p. 409

110
  Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky,
KGB: The Inside Story of its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev
, Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1990, pp. 393–4

111
 
Fatal Encounter
, BBC TV, 1991

112
  Schecter and Deriabin,
Spy who Saved the World
, p. 410

113
  2 November 1962, from Wynne,
Wynne and Penkovsky
, p. 9

114
  Ibid., p. 13

115
  Ibid., p. 41

116
  National Archives FO 181/1155; private information

117
  Memorandum for Chief SR Division from Joe Bulik, 10 May 1963, declassified by CIA and available at
www.cia.gov

118
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 286

119
  Schecter and Deriabin,
Spy who Saved the World
, p. 35

120
  Ibid., p. 361

121
  Frank Gibney (ed.),
The Penkovsky Papers
, Collins, London, 1965, p. 283

122
  Ibid., p. 110

123
  Schecter and Deriabin,
Spy Who Saved the World
, p. 356

124
  Ibid., p. 358

125
  Gibney (ed.),
Penkovsky Papers
, p. 125

126
  Schecter and Deriabin,
Spy Who Saved the World
, p. 414

127
  Interview with Sir Gerry Warner for BBC Radio 4, 2009

128
  S-jak SZPIEG Case of Radio Operator Adam Kaczmarzyk, Polish TV documentary, 2004;
The Times
, 10 January 1969 and 8 August 1967, and additional private information

129
  Details of the Freed case and Dearlove's role come from the
Czech archives and the work of Prokop Tomek. The issue of the payments to Freed is covered in Chapter 9

130
  Martin L. Brabourne, ‘More on the Recruitment of Soviets',
Studies in Intelligence
, vol. 9, Winter 1965, originally classified secret, declassified and available at
www.cia.gov

131
  Wilhelm Marbes, ‘The Psychology of Treason', in H. Bradford Westerfield (ed.),
Inside CIA's Private World
, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1995, p. 71

132
  Interview with Sir Colin McColl for BBC Radio 4, 2009

CHAPTER 5: THE WILDERNESS OF MIRRORS

1
  The account of Golitsyn's defection comes from the first volume of his unpublished memoir. It concurs closely with the account provided from the American side – for instance in David Wise,
Molehunt
, Random House, New York, 1992

2
  Friberg's reaction is recounted in Wise,
Molehunt
, p. 3, and Tom Mangold,
Cold Warrior
, Simon & Schuster, London, 1991, p. 50

3
  Wise,
Molehunt
, p. 5

4
  Wise, ibid., says there was a security alert regarding a bomb and that Golitsyn was allowed to remain on the plane at his request

5
  Jerry D. Ennis, ‘Anatoli Golitsyn: Long Time CIA Agent?',
Intelligence and National Security
, vol. 21, no. 1, February 2006, p. 32

6
  Richard Deacon,
C: A Biography of Sir Maurice Oldfield
, Macdonald, London, 1984, pp. 121 and 167

7
  Obituary of the Reverend Vivian Green,
Daily Telegraph
, 26 January 2005,
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/ 1481995/The-Reverend- Vivian-Green.html

8
  Interview with Charles Allen for BBC Radio 4, 2009

9
  National Archives PREM 11/4463

10
  Mangold,
Cold Warrior
, p. 68

11
  Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky,
KGB: The Inside Story of its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev
, Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1990, p. 490

12
  Peter Wright in
Spycatcher
, Heinemann, Melbourne, 1987, and Tennent Bagley in
Spy Wars: Moles, Mysteries, and Deadly Games,
Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2007, are both of this view

13
 
Deacon,
C: A Biography of Sir Maurice Oldfield,
p. 190; Chapman Pincher,
Treachery
, Random House, New York, 2009, p. 571

14
  Christopher Andrew,
The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5
, Allen Lane, London, 2009, p. 435

15
  Miranda Carter,
Anthony Blunt: His Lives
, Macmillan, London, 2001, p. 451

16
  Anthony Blunt in his unpublished memoir held in the British Library and opened to the public in 2009

17
  Andrew,
Defence of the Realm
, p. 438

18
  Yuri Modin,
My Five Cambridge Friends
, Headline, London, 1994, p. 43; Genrikh Borovik,
The Philby Files
, Little, Brown, London, 1994, p. 365

19
  Unless otherwise indicated, material regarding Stephen de Mowbray is drawn from an interview by the author

20
  Andrew Boyle,
The Climate of Treason
, Coronet, London, 1980, pp. 210 and 323

21
  Wright,
Spycatcher
, p. 54

22
  Ibid.

23
  Ibid., p. 243

24
  Ibid., p. 264

25
  Michael Shelden,
Graham Greene: The Man Within
, Heinemann, London, 1994, p. 41

26
  Tom Bower,
The Perfect English Spy
, Heinemann, London, 1995, pp. 314–15

27
  Wright,
Spycatcher
, p. 170

28
  Andrew,
Defence of the Realm
, p. 506

29
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 316

30
  Andrew,
Defence of the Realm
, p. 507

31
  Golitsyn unpublished memoir

32
  Jerrold L. Schecter and Peter S. Deriabin,
The Spy Who Saved the World
, Macmillan, New York, 1992, p. 379

33
  Ibid., p. 390

34
  Wright,
Spycatcher
, p. 208

35
  Golitsyn, unpublished memoir

36
  Golitsyn,
New Lies for Old
, Dodd, Mead & Co., New York, 1984, goes into more detail on this

37
  Yuri Nosenko speech to the CIA in 1998. Previously available as
a podcast by the Centre for Counterintelligence and Security Studies, Alexandria. Also Bagley,
Spy Wars

38
  John Limond Hart,
The CIA's Russians
, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 2003, p. 129

39
  Bagley,
Spy Wars
, p. 14

40
  Ibid., p. 88

41
  Ibid., p. 18

42
  Clarence Ashley,
CIA Spymaster
, Pelican, Gretna, 2004, p. 271

43
  Mangold,
Cold Warrior
, p. 147

44
  Ibid., p. 149

45
  Richards J. Heuer, ‘Nosenko: Five Paths to Judgment', in H. Bradford Westerfield (ed.),
Inside CIA's Private World
, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1995, p. 398