Art of Betrayal (72 page)

12
  Quoted in Tom Bower,
The Perfect English Spy
, Heinemann, London, 1995, p. 224

13
  National Archives DO 35/8804, Africa: The Next Ten Years, May 1959, memo originally drawn up at request of Foreign Secretary but distributed to the Cabinet, 2 July 1959; Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 220

14
  Jeffery,
MI6
, p. 678

15
  Interview with Sir Rodric Braithwaite, former Ambassador to Moscow, for BBC Radio 4, 2009

16
  The conversation is recalled by Daphne Park. She did not name Scott, but details of his time in the Congo are in obituary of Sir Ian Scott,
Daily Telegraph,
11 March 2002,
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ news/ obituaries/1387342/ Sir-Ian- Scott.html

17
  Adam Hochschild,
King Leopold's Ghost
, Macmillan, London, 1999; Michela Wrong,
In the Footsteps of Mr Kurtz
, Fourth Estate, London, 2000, p. 46

18
 
Hochschild,
King Leopold's Ghost
, p. 301; Georges Abi-Saab,
The United Nations Operation in the Congo 1960–1964
, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1978, p. 6

19
  Marie-Françoise Allain,
The Other Man: Conversations with Graham Greene
, The Bodley Head, London, 1983, p. 101

20
  National Archives FO 371/146630

21
 
Foreign Relations of the United States 1958–1960
, vol. XIV: Africa, p. 263

22
  ‘Who Killed Lumumba?', BBC Correspondent, 21 October 2000

23
  Ian Scott,
Tumbled House: The Congo at Independence
, Oxford University Press, London, 1969, p. 90

24
  National Archives FO 371/146635, Note from Ian Scott, 5 July 1960

25
  Ludo de Witte,
The Assassination of Lumumba
, Verso, London, 2001, p. 2; Hochschild,
King Leopold's Ghost
, p. 301

26
  ‘Who Killed Lumumba?', BBC Correspondent, 21 October 2000

27
  National Archives FO 371/146635

28
  Scott,
Tumbled House
, p. 109

29
  Larry Devlin,
Chief of Station, Congo: Fighting the Cold War in a Hot Zone
, PublicAffairs, New York, 2007, p. xiii

30
  Ibid., p. xv

31
  Richard Beeston, ‘Old Memories of Chaos in the Congo Stirred Up',
The Times
, 16 November 1996

32
  National Archives PREM 11/2883; Harold Macmillan,
Pointing the Way
, Macmillan, London, 1972, p. 263

33
  National Archives PREM 11/2585

34
  Georges Abi-Saab.
The United Nations Operation in the Congo 1960–1964
, p. 21

35
 
Foreign Relations of the United States 1958–1960
, vol. XIV, p. 574

36
  Wrong,
In the Footsteps of Mr Kurtz
, p. 61

37
  Devlin,
Chief of Station, Congo
, p. 88

38
  Kenneth Young,
Sir Alec Douglas-Home
, J. M. Dent, London, 1970, p. 125

39
  Brian Urquhart, ‘The Tragedy of Lumumba',
New York Review of Books
, 4 October 2001

40
 
Foreign Relations of the United States 1958–1960
vol. XIV, p. 294; Charles Cogan,
Avoiding the Breakup: The US-UN intervention in the Congo, 1960–1965
, Harvard University Kennedy School of Government Case Program

41
 
Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin,
The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB and the World
, Allen Lane, London, 2005, p. 426

42
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 221

43
  National Archives CAB 128/34, Cabinet minutes, 19 July 1960

44
  Douglas Dillon testifying before the Church Committee, 2 September 1975, p. 24

45
  National Archives FO 371/146639

46
  Devlin,
Chief of Station, Congo
, pp. 259 and 23

47
 
Foreign Relations of the United States 1958–1960
, vol. XIV, p. 373

48
  4 August 1960 diary entry quoted in Macmillan,
Pointing the Way
, pp. 264–5

49
  National Archives FO 371/146701

50
  Devlin,
Chief of Station, Congo
, p. 23

51
  Ibid., p. 47

52
 
Foreign Relations of the United States 1958–1960
, vol. XIV, p. 426

53
  Devlin,
Chief of Station, Congo
, p. 48

54
  Revealed by Soviet spy Oleg Penkovsky, Meeting #14, p. 14, declassified and available at
www.cia.gov

55
  Wrong,
In the Footsteps of Mr Kurtz
, p.
66

56
 
Church Committee Report; Foreign Relations of the United States 1958–1960
, vol. XIV, p. 338

57
 
Foreign Relations of the United States 1958–1960
, vol. XIV, p. 356

58
  Frank Carlucci who served in the US Embassy in the Congo during the crisis is quoted making these comments in Cogan,
Avoiding the Breakup

59
  Devlin,
Chief of Station, Congo
, p. 132

60
  Urquhart, ‘Tragedy of Lumumba'

61
  Devlin,
Chief of Station, Congo
, pp. 66 and 85

62
  Untitled (Believe Congo experiencing classic communist effort), CIA cable, 18 August 1960, declassified and available
www. cia.gov

63
 
Foreign Relations of the United States 1958–1960
, vol. XIV, pp. 421–2

64
  Ibid., p. 424

65
  Madeleine G. Kalb, ‘The CIA and Lumumba',
New York Times,
2 August 1981; Martin Kettle, ‘President “ordered murder” of Congo leader',
Guardian
, 10 August 2000

66
 
Peter Grose,
Gentleman Spy: The Life of Allen Dulles
, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1994, p. 502;
Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders: Interim Report
, 1975, hereafter known as the
Church Committee Report,
http://www.history-matters.com/ archive/contents/church/contents_church_reports_ir.htm

67
  Tim Weiner,
Legacy of Ashes
, Allen Lane, London, 2007, pp. 162–3;
Church Committee Report

68
  Devlin,
Chief of Station, Congo
, pp. 63–8

69
  Ibid., pp. 77–84

70
  De Witte,
Assassination of Lumumba
, p. 27

71
  Scott,
Tumbled House
, p. 78

72
  National Archives CAB 128/34, Cabinet minutes, 15 September 1960

73
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, pp. 222–3

74
  Devlin,
Chief of Station, Congo
, p. 85

75
  Scott,
Tumbled House
, p. 81

76
 
Foreign Relations of the United States 1958–1960
, vol. XIV, p. 528

77
  Ibid., pp. 511 and 528

78
  Ibid., p. 497

79
  Devlin,
Chief of Station, Congo
, p. 94

80
  Grose,
Gentleman Spy
, p. 392; Ted Gup, ‘The Coldest Warrior',
Washington Post
, 16 December 2001

81
 
Church Committee Report

82
  Ibid.

83
 
The Interview
, BBC World Service, 1 January 2009

84
  CIA cable to headquarters from Leopoldville, cited in
Church Committee Report

85
 
Church Committee Report

86
  Description from ibid.

87
  Ibid.

88
 
Foreign Relations of the United States 1958–1960
, vol. XIV, p. 495

89
  Quoted in D.R. Thorpe,
Supermac: The Life of Harold Macmillan,
Chatto & Windus, London, 2010, p. 484

90
  National Archives FO 371/146646

91
  National Archives FO 371/146650

92
  National Archives PREM 11/3188 includes a top-secret memo on concerns that Nkrumah and Egypt would declare an African high command in the Congo

93
 
Daphne Park recounted the story in ‘Licensed to kill?', Ian Fleming Centenary Lecture, Royal Society of Literature, London, 12 May 2008

94
  De Witte,
Assassination of Lumumba
, pp. 71 and 83

95
 
Church Committee Report; Foreign Relations of the United States 1958–1960
, vol. XIV, p. 503

96
  De Witte,
Assassination of Lumumba
, p. 53

97
  Abi-Saab,
United Nations Operation in the Congo, 1960–1964
, p. 91

98
  ‘Who Killed Lumumba?', BBC Correspondent, 21 October 2000

99
  Ibid.; De Witte,
Assassination of Lumumba
, p. 57; Urquhart, ‘Tragedy of Lumumba'

100
  National Archives FO 371/146779

101
  Devlin,
Chief of Station, Congo
, pp. 128–9

102
  Interview with Charles Cogan, who later succeeded Devlin in the Congo

103
  13 January 1961, declassified cable available
www.cia.gov

104
  De Witte,
Assassination of Lumumba
, pp. 95–7

105
  Ibid., p. 79; ‘Who Killed Lumumba?', BBC Correspondent, 21 October 2000; Cogan,
Avoiding the Breakup

106
  ‘Who Killed Lumumba?', BBC Correspondent, 21 October 2000.

107
  Richard Beeston,
Looking for Trouble
, Tauris Parke, London, 2006, p. 60

108
  De Witte,
Assassination of Lumumba
, p. xxiv

109
  Wrong,
In the Footsteps of Mr Kurtz
, p. 79

110
  John Stockwell,
In Search of Enemies
, André Deutsch, London, 1978, p.105

111
  Devlin,
Chief of Station Congo
, p. 225

112
  Stockwell,
In Search of Enemies
, p. 136

113
  Wrong,
In the Footsteps of Mr Kurtz
, p. 3

114
  Weiner,
Legacy of Ashes
, p. 303

115
  Gup, ‘The Coldest Warrior'

116
  Private information; John Colvin,
Twice around the World
, Leo Cooper, London, 1991, p. 69

117
  Sylvester, ‘A licence to kill? Oh heavens, no!'

118
  Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 351

CHAPTER 4: MOSCOW RULES

1
  Meeting #1 London, 20 April 1961, transcript declassified by CIA and available at
www.cia.gov

2
  Clarence Ashley,
CIA Spymaster
, Pelican, Gretna, 2004, p. 110

3
  Jerrold L. Schecter and Peter S. Deriabin,
The Spy Who Saved the World
, Macmillan, New York, 1992, p. 20

4
  ‘Reported Provocation Attempt', declassified CIA communication, 30 December 1960, available at
www.cia.gov

5
  Greville Wynne,
Wynne and Penkovsky
, Corgi, London, 1984, p. 27. The MI6 man is named as Franks in Schecter and Deriabin,
Spy Who Saved the World

6
  Wynne wrote a number of books about his life but by far his most revealing account is in an interview with Anthony Clare,
In the Psychiatrist's Chair
, BBC Radio 4, Imperial War Museum 16196

7
  Quoted in Schecter and Deriabin,
Spy Who Saved the World
, p. 311

8
  National Archives FO 181/1155

9
  Wynne,
Wynne and Penkovsky
, p. 27

10
  Ashley,
CIA Spymaster
, pp. 150–1

11
  Wynne,
Wynne and Penkovsky
, p. 68

12
  Ashley,
CIA Spymaster
, p. 151

13
  Tom Bower,
The Perfect English Spy
, Heinemann, London, 1995, p. 274

14
  National Archives WO 208/3465

15
  Peter Hennessy,
Having It So Good
, Penguin, London, 2006, p. 318

16
  John le Carré,
Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy
, Sceptre, London, 2009, p. 228

17
 
Blake: The Confession
, BBC Radio 4, 1 August 2009

18
  Ibid.; Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, pp. 264–5

19
  George Blake,
No Other Choice
, Jonathan Cape, London, 1990, p. 198

20
  Among those who remember deciphering the telegram was Daphne Park in the Congo

21
  Bill Harvey quoted in Bower,
Perfect English Spy
, p. 269

22
  Schecter and Deriabin,
Spy Who Saved the World
, p. 44

23
 
Meeting #1

24
  This quotation is from Meeting #2, p. 20

25
  Meeting #1 and Meeting #2, p. 1

26
  Huw Dylan, ‘Britain and the Missile Gap',
Intelligence and National Security
, volume 23, December 2008

27
  John Limond Hart,
The CIA's Russians
, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 2003, p. 88

28
  Schecter and Deriabin,
Spy Who Saved the World
, p. 94

29
  Penkovsky Operation, Parts 3 and 4, Tapes 22 October 1966, declassified by CIA and available at
www.cia.gov

30
  Ibid.

31
  Meeting #4, 23 April 1961

32
  Ashley,
CIA Spymaster
, p. 191