When China Rules the World (85 page)
Read When China Rules the World Online
Authors: Jacques Martin
Tags: #History, #Asia, #China, #Political Science, #International Relations, #General
88
. Ibid., pp. 9-10.
. Ibid., pp. 9-10.
89
. Ibid., p. 363.
. Ibid., p. 363.
90
. Ibid., p. 11.
. Ibid., p. 11.
91
. Ibid., pp. 13-14.
. Ibid., pp. 13-14.
92
. Jacques Gernet,
Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion, 1250
-
76
(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1962), p. 135.
. Jacques Gernet,
Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion, 1250
-
76
(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1962), p. 135.
94
. Chang,
Food in Chinese Culture
, p. 375; Wu and Cheung,
The Globalization of Chinese Food
, p. 5; also Chapters 3, 8-11.
. Chang,
Food in Chinese Culture
, p. 375; Wu and Cheung,
The Globalization of Chinese Food
, p. 5; also Chapters 3, 8-11.
96
. Ibid., p. 56.
. Ibid., p. 56.
98
. Ibid., pp. 56-8.
. Ibid., pp. 56-8.
99
. As the American sinologist Lucian W. Pye argues: ‘In different times and places people have thought of power in very different ways . . . theories which seek to specify general propositions about power miss the point entirely.’ Lucian W. Pye,
Asian Power and Politics: The Cultural Dimensions of Authority
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1985), p. viii.
. As the American sinologist Lucian W. Pye argues: ‘In different times and places people have thought of power in very different ways . . . theories which seek to specify general propositions about power miss the point entirely.’ Lucian W. Pye,
Asian Power and Politics: The Cultural Dimensions of Authority
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1985), p. viii.
100
. Ibid., pp. x, 26, 53.
. Ibid., pp. x, 26, 53.
101
. Interview with Chih-Yu Shih, Taipei, 1999.
. Interview with Chih-Yu Shih, Taipei, 1999.
103
. Interview with Tong Shijun, Shanghai, April 1999.
. Interview with Tong Shijun, Shanghai, April 1999.
104
. Pye,
Asian Power and Politics
, p. 327. Also Deepak Lal,
Unintended Consequences
(Cambridge Mass.: MIT Press, 1998), pp. 13, 153.
. Pye,
Asian Power and Politics
, p. 327. Also Deepak Lal,
Unintended Consequences
(Cambridge Mass.: MIT Press, 1998), pp. 13, 153.
106
. Interview with Chien Sechin Yung-Xiang, Taipei, March 1999.
. Interview with Chien Sechin Yung-Xiang, Taipei, March 1999.
107
. There is one sphere in which profound cultural differences are accepted and acknowledged in the West, namely the way in which, for example, the nature of Japanese and Korean firms reflects the cultures of their respective countries; Charles Hampden-Turner and Fons Trompenaars,
Mastering the Infinite Game: How East Asian Values are Transforming Business Practices
(Oxford: Capstone, 1997), especially Chapters 5-7; Fons Trompenaars,
Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business
(London: Nicholas Brealey, 1993), Chapter 11; ‘A Global Toyota Faces Dilution of Its Culture’,
International Herald Tribune
, 15 February 2007.
. There is one sphere in which profound cultural differences are accepted and acknowledged in the West, namely the way in which, for example, the nature of Japanese and Korean firms reflects the cultures of their respective countries; Charles Hampden-Turner and Fons Trompenaars,
Mastering the Infinite Game: How East Asian Values are Transforming Business Practices
(Oxford: Capstone, 1997), especially Chapters 5-7; Fons Trompenaars,
Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business
(London: Nicholas Brealey, 1993), Chapter 11; ‘A Global Toyota Faces Dilution of Its Culture’,
International Herald Tribune
, 15 February 2007.
108
. See Göran Therborn,
Between Sex and Power: Family in the World, 1900
-
2000
(London: Routledge, 2004), pp. 119-26; also Gavin W. Jones, ‘Not “When to Marry” but “Whether to Marry”: The Changing Context of Marriage Decisions in East and Southeast Asia’, in Gavin Jones and Kamalini Ramdas, eds,
Untying the Knot: Ideal and Reality in Asian Marriage
(Singapore: NU S, 2004).
. See Göran Therborn,
Between Sex and Power: Family in the World, 1900
-
2000
(London: Routledge, 2004), pp. 119-26; also Gavin W. Jones, ‘Not “When to Marry” but “Whether to Marry”: The Changing Context of Marriage Decisions in East and Southeast Asia’, in Gavin Jones and Kamalini Ramdas, eds,
Untying the Knot: Ideal and Reality in Asian Marriage
(Singapore: NU S, 2004).
109
. On the contrary, as Lucian Pye suggests, the form of modernization ‘will be significantly different from that produced by western individualism’: Pye,
Asian Power and Politics
, p. 334.
. On the contrary, as Lucian Pye suggests, the form of modernization ‘will be significantly different from that produced by western individualism’: Pye,
Asian Power and Politics
, p. 334.
110
. In philosophical vein, the director and founder of the Shanghai Museum, Ma Chengyuan, puts it like this: ‘China is now in the preliminary stage of modernization so the whole environment is very open - people have their space to do what they like. During the first stage of openness, many things come from outside. But if they can’t gain their roots in Chinese society, they will fade away.’ Interview with Ma Chengyuan, Shanghai, April 1999.
. In philosophical vein, the director and founder of the Shanghai Museum, Ma Chengyuan, puts it like this: ‘China is now in the preliminary stage of modernization so the whole environment is very open - people have their space to do what they like. During the first stage of openness, many things come from outside. But if they can’t gain their roots in Chinese society, they will fade away.’ Interview with Ma Chengyuan, Shanghai, April 1999.
111
. The people are real but the names are fictitious. The discussion took place in April 1999.
. The people are real but the names are fictitious. The discussion took place in April 1999.
113
. Dominic Wilson and Anna Stupnytska, ‘The N-11: More Than an Acronym’,
Goldman Sachs, Global Economic Papers
, 153, 28 March 2007, p. 8.
. Dominic Wilson and Anna Stupnytska, ‘The N-11: More Than an Acronym’,
Goldman Sachs, Global Economic Papers
, 153, 28 March 2007, p. 8.
114
. Ibid., p. 4.
. Ibid., p. 4.
116
. According to Johnny Tuan, who runs his own pop music label, Western pop music, the music of choice for many in the 1970s, now represents a very small segment of a market in which mando-pop is overwhelmingly dominant. Interview with Johnny Tuan, Chairman, Rock Records Co. Ltd, Taipei, March 1999; also interview with Wei-Chung Wang, Taipei, March 1999.
. According to Johnny Tuan, who runs his own pop music label, Western pop music, the music of choice for many in the 1970s, now represents a very small segment of a market in which mando-pop is overwhelmingly dominant. Interview with Johnny Tuan, Chairman, Rock Records Co. Ltd, Taipei, March 1999; also interview with Wei-Chung Wang, Taipei, March 1999.
117
. Another example is the revival of traditional instruments, for example, the
kayagŭm
in South Korea. Hee-sun Kim, ‘Kayagŭm Shin’Gok, New Music for Antiquity: Musical Construction of Identity in Contemporary South Korea’, unpublished paper, 2005.
. Another example is the revival of traditional instruments, for example, the
kayagŭm
in South Korea. Hee-sun Kim, ‘Kayagŭm Shin’Gok, New Music for Antiquity: Musical Construction of Identity in Contemporary South Korea’, unpublished paper, 2005.
118
. Interview with Hung Tze Jan, Taipei, March 1999.
. Interview with Hung Tze Jan, Taipei, March 1999.
119
. ‘Revolution for a New Ruling Class as the Money-spinning IPL Gets Started’,
Daily Mail
, 17 April 2008; Richard Williams, ‘It’s the End of the World as We Know It (and Cricket Will Be Fine)’,
Guardian
, 22 April 2008.
. ‘Revolution for a New Ruling Class as the Money-spinning IPL Gets Started’,
Daily Mail
, 17 April 2008; Richard Williams, ‘It’s the End of the World as We Know It (and Cricket Will Be Fine)’,
Guardian
, 22 April 2008.
120
. This has begun to change as reflected in recent books such as Fareed Zakaria,
The Post-American World
(London: Allen Lane, 2008) and Bill Emmott,
Rivals: How the Power Struggle Between China, India and Japan Will Shape Our Next Decade
(London: Allen Lane, 2008). Also see Kishore Mahbubani,
The New Asian Hemisphere: The Irresistible Shift of Global Power to the East
(New York: Public Affairs, 2008).
PART II. This has begun to change as reflected in recent books such as Fareed Zakaria,
The Post-American World
(London: Allen Lane, 2008) and Bill Emmott,
Rivals: How the Power Struggle Between China, India and Japan Will Shape Our Next Decade
(London: Allen Lane, 2008). Also see Kishore Mahbubani,
The New Asian Hemisphere: The Irresistible Shift of Global Power to the East
(New York: Public Affairs, 2008).
6 CHINA AS AN ECONOMIC SUPERPOWER
4
. Zheng Yongnian,
Discovering Chinese Nationalism in China: Modernization, Identity, and International Relations
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 31-2.
. Zheng Yongnian,
Discovering Chinese Nationalism in China: Modernization, Identity, and International Relations
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 31-2.
5
. Zheng Yongnian,
Will China Become Democratic?: Elite, Class and Regime Transition
(Singapore: EAI, 2004), p. 34.
. Zheng Yongnian,
Will China Become Democratic?: Elite, Class and Regime Transition
(Singapore: EAI, 2004), p. 34.
7
. Wang Zhengyi, ‘Conceptualising Economic Security and Governance: China Confronts Globalisation’,
Pacific Review
, 17: 4 (2004), p. 526; Gittings,
The Changing Face of China
, p. 252; Zheng Yongnian,
Will China Become Democratic?
, p. 241; Zhao Suisheng,
A Nation-State by Construction: Dynamics of Modern Chinese Nationalism
(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004), p. 217.
. Wang Zhengyi, ‘Conceptualising Economic Security and Governance: China Confronts Globalisation’,
Pacific Review
, 17: 4 (2004), p. 526; Gittings,
The Changing Face of China
, p. 252; Zheng Yongnian,
Will China Become Democratic?
, p. 241; Zhao Suisheng,
A Nation-State by Construction: Dynamics of Modern Chinese Nationalism
(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004), p. 217.
9
. Deng offered his pragmatic support for the model of the East Asian developmental state; Zhao,
A Nation-State by Construction
, p. 30.
. Deng offered his pragmatic support for the model of the East Asian developmental state; Zhao,
A Nation-State by Construction
, p. 30.
10
. Peter Nolan,
Transforming China: Globalisation, Transition and Development
(London: Anthem Press, 2005), pp. 185, 187-8.
. Peter Nolan,
Transforming China: Globalisation, Transition and Development
(London: Anthem Press, 2005), pp. 185, 187-8.
11
. Zhao,
A Nation-State by Construction
, pp. 142-7, 242. Also, Shi Anbin, ‘Me diating Chineseness: Identity Politics and Media Culture in Contemporary China’, in Anthony Reid and Zheng Yangwen, eds,
Negotiating Asymmetry: China’s Place in Asia
(Singapore: NUSPress, 2009,), p. 16.
. Zhao,
A Nation-State by Construction
, pp. 142-7, 242. Also, Shi Anbin, ‘Me diating Chineseness: Identity Politics and Media Culture in Contemporary China’, in Anthony Reid and Zheng Yangwen, eds,
Negotiating Asymmetry: China’s Place in Asia
(Singapore: NUSPress, 2009,), p. 16.
12
. Wang Hui,
China’s New Order
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003), pp. 96-124; interview with Wang Hui, Beijing, 23 May 2006; interview with Fang Ning, Beijing, 7 December 2005; and Wang Xiaodong, ‘Chinese Nationalism under the Shadow of Globalisation’, lecture at the London School of Economics and Political Science, 7 February 2005.
. Wang Hui,
China’s New Order
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003), pp. 96-124; interview with Wang Hui, Beijing, 23 May 2006; interview with Fang Ning, Beijing, 7 December 2005; and Wang Xiaodong, ‘Chinese Nationalism under the Shadow of Globalisation’, lecture at the London School of Economics and Political Science, 7 February 2005.
13
. Danni Rodrik,
One Economics Many Recipes: Globalization, Institutions, and Economic Growth
(Princeton: Princeton University, 2007), pp. 238-9.
. Danni Rodrik,
One Economics Many Recipes: Globalization, Institutions, and Economic Growth
(Princeton: Princeton University, 2007), pp. 238-9.
14
. Angus Maddison,
Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run, Second Edition, Revised and Updated: 960
-
2030 AD
(Paris: OECD, 2007), pp. 64, 89.
. Angus Maddison,
Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run, Second Edition, Revised and Updated: 960
-
2030 AD
(Paris: OECD, 2007), pp. 64, 89.
15
. Wang Gungwu, ‘Rationalizing China’s Place in Asia, 1800-2005: Beyond the Literati Consensus’, in Reid and Zheng,
Negotiating Asymmetry
, p. 5.
. Wang Gungwu, ‘Rationalizing China’s Place in Asia, 1800-2005: Beyond the Literati Consensus’, in Reid and Zheng,
Negotiating Asymmetry
, p. 5.
18
. Ibid., pp. 238-9.
. Ibid., pp. 238-9.
19
. Yu Yongding, ‘Opinions on Structure Reform and Exchange Rate Regimes Against the Backdrop of the Asian Financial Crisis’, unpublished paper, Japanese Ministry of Finance, 2000, pp. 1-11; Wang Yizhou, ‘Political Stability and International Relations in the Process of Economic Globalisation - Another Perspective on Asia’s Financial Crisis’, unpublished article, Beijing, 2000, pp. 1-13; and Wang Zhengyi, ‘Conceptualising Economic Security and Governance: China Confronts Globalisation’,
Pacific Review
, 17:4 (2000), p. 542.
. Yu Yongding, ‘Opinions on Structure Reform and Exchange Rate Regimes Against the Backdrop of the Asian Financial Crisis’, unpublished paper, Japanese Ministry of Finance, 2000, pp. 1-11; Wang Yizhou, ‘Political Stability and International Relations in the Process of Economic Globalisation - Another Perspective on Asia’s Financial Crisis’, unpublished article, Beijing, 2000, pp. 1-13; and Wang Zhengyi, ‘Conceptualising Economic Security and Governance: China Confronts Globalisation’,
Pacific Review
, 17:4 (2000), p. 542.
20
. Yu Yongding, ‘China’s Structural Adjustment’, unpublished paper, Seoul Conference, 2005, p. 2.
. Yu Yongding, ‘China’s Structural Adjustment’, unpublished paper, Seoul Conference, 2005, p. 2.
21
. Nolan,
Transforming China
, p. 61; Lex, ‘China and International Law’,
Financial Times
, 30 April 2008.
. Nolan,
Transforming China
, p. 61; Lex, ‘China and International Law’,
Financial Times
, 30 April 2008.
22
. Clyde Prestowitz,
Three Billion New Capitalists: The Great Shift of Wealth and Power to the East
(New York: Basic Books, 2006), p. 61.
. Clyde Prestowitz,
Three Billion New Capitalists: The Great Shift of Wealth and Power to the East
(New York: Basic Books, 2006), p. 61.
23
. George J. Gilboy, ‘The Myth behind China’s Miracle’,
Foreign Affairs
, July/ August 2004, pp. 4-5.
. George J. Gilboy, ‘The Myth behind China’s Miracle’,
Foreign Affairs
, July/ August 2004, pp. 4-5.
26
. Yu Yongding, ‘China’s Structural Adjustment’, p. 1
. Yu Yongding, ‘China’s Structural Adjustment’, p. 1
27
. Interview with Yu Yongding, Singapore, 3 March 2006.
. Interview with Yu Yongding, Singapore, 3 March 2006.
29
. ‘Guangdong Factories Drop Cheap for Chic’,
South China Morning Post
, 17 March 2008; ‘End of an Era for Pearl River Delta’,
South China Morning Post
, 9 February 2008.
. ‘Guangdong Factories Drop Cheap for Chic’,
South China Morning Post
, 17 March 2008; ‘End of an Era for Pearl River Delta’,
South China Morning Post
, 9 February 2008.
30
. Yu Yongding, ‘China’s Rise, Twin Surplus and the Change of China’s Development Strategy’, unpublished paper, Namura Tokyo Club Conference, Kyoto, 21 November 2005, p. 12.
. Yu Yongding, ‘China’s Rise, Twin Surplus and the Change of China’s Development Strategy’, unpublished paper, Namura Tokyo Club Conference, Kyoto, 21 November 2005, p. 12.
31
. Ibid., p. 11.
. Ibid., p. 11.
33
. Interview with Yu Yongding, Beijing, 6 December 2005: Wang Gungwu, ‘Ration alizing China’s Place in Asia’, in Reid and Zheng,
Negotiating Asymmetry
, p. 5.
. Interview with Yu Yongding, Beijing, 6 December 2005: Wang Gungwu, ‘Ration alizing China’s Place in Asia’, in Reid and Zheng,
Negotiating Asymmetry
, p. 5.
34
. Yu Yongding, ‘China’s Rise, Twin Surplus and the Change of China’s Development Strategy’, p. 2.
. Yu Yongding, ‘China’s Rise, Twin Surplus and the Change of China’s Development Strategy’, p. 2.
37
. Oded Shenkar,
The Chinese Century: The Rising Chinese Economy and Its Impact on the Global Economy, the Balance of Power and Your Job
(New Jersey: Wharton School Publishing, 2006), p. 114.
. Oded Shenkar,
The Chinese Century: The Rising Chinese Economy and Its Impact on the Global Economy, the Balance of Power and Your Job
(New Jersey: Wharton School Publishing, 2006), p. 114.
38
. Yu Yongding, ‘China’s Macroeconomic Development, Exchange Rate Policy and Global Imbalances’, unpublished paper, Asahi Shimbun Symposium, October 2005, pp. 2-3.
. Yu Yongding, ‘China’s Macroeconomic Development, Exchange Rate Policy and Global Imbalances’, unpublished paper, Asahi Shimbun Symposium, October 2005, pp. 2-3.
39
. Tom Mitchell and Geoff Dyer, ‘Heat in the Workshop’,
Financial Times
, 14 October 2007; ‘Inflation: China’s Least Wanted Export’,
Financial Times
, 12 November 2007.
. Tom Mitchell and Geoff Dyer, ‘Heat in the Workshop’,
Financial Times
, 14 October 2007; ‘Inflation: China’s Least Wanted Export’,
Financial Times
, 12 November 2007.
40
. Interview with Yu Yongding, Beijing, 6 December 2005.
. Interview with Yu Yongding, Beijing, 6 December 2005.
41
. Ibid.
. Ibid.
42
. The World Bank predicted a fall of almost 2 per cent in China’s growth rate in 2008 as compared with 2007; ‘China “On Course for Growth Slowdown”’,
Financial Times
, 4 February, 2008.
. The World Bank predicted a fall of almost 2 per cent in China’s growth rate in 2008 as compared with 2007; ‘China “On Course for Growth Slowdown”’,
Financial Times
, 4 February, 2008.
43
. Yu Yongding, ‘Opinions on Structure Reform and Exchange Rate Regimes’, pp. 1, 6-8.
. Yu Yongding, ‘Opinions on Structure Reform and Exchange Rate Regimes’, pp. 1, 6-8.
44
. Interview with Yu Yongding, Singapore, 3 March 2006; and Yu Yongding, ‘Opinions on Structure Reform and Exchange Rate Regimes’.
. Interview with Yu Yongding, Singapore, 3 March 2006; and Yu Yongding, ‘Opinions on Structure Reform and Exchange Rate Regimes’.
45
. Yu Yongding, ‘China’s Structural Adjustment’, pp. 1-5.
. Yu Yongding, ‘China’s Structural Adjustment’, pp. 1-5.
46
. Interview with Zhu Wenhui, Beijing, 20 November 2006; interview with Fang Ning, Beijing, 7 December 2005; and interview with Wang Hui, Beijing, 23 May 2006.
. Interview with Zhu Wenhui, Beijing, 20 November 2006; interview with Fang Ning, Beijing, 7 December 2005; and interview with Wang Hui, Beijing, 23 May 2006.
47
. Ibid., p. 2.
. Ibid., p. 2.
50
. Wang Zhengyi, ‘Conceptualising Economic Security and Governance’, pp. 531-4; Zheng Yongnian,
Will China Become Democratic
?, pp. 296-301.
. Wang Zhengyi, ‘Conceptualising Economic Security and Governance’, pp. 531-4; Zheng Yongnian,
Will China Become Democratic
?, pp. 296-301.
53
. Wang Zhengyi, ‘Conceptualising Economic Security and Governance’, pp. 534-5.
. Wang Zhengyi, ‘Conceptualising Economic Security and Governance’, pp. 534-5.
55
. Ibid., pp. 136-7.
. Ibid., pp. 136-7.
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