Warwick the Kingmaker (44 page)

17.
RP
v. 366.

18. Griffiths,
Henry VI
, 826.

19.
Davies Chron.
82, 89.

20. E.g. A. J. Pollard,
The Wars of the Roses
(Basingstoke, 1988), 25; Watts,
Henry VI
, 352.

21. Griffiths,
Henry VI
, 829;
CPR 1452–61
, 574, 578.

22. Postan and Power,
Studies in English Trade
, 316–17.

23. Kingsford,
London Chrons.
170; Waurin, 279–82. Somerset was confirmed as captain of Calais for 12 years on 31 Jan. 1460,
DKR
48 (1887), 441. Trollope was appointed bailiff of Guines in compensation for property lost at Calais,
CPR 1452–61
, 553.

24.
CPR 1452–61
, 555–6.

25. C 76/142 m. 13; Thielemans,
Bourgogne et l’Angleterre
, 375; C. L. Kingsford, ‘The Earl of Warwick at Calais in 1460’,
EHR
xxxvii (1922), 546.

26.
CSPM
i. 21.

27. See below pp.181.

28. Waurin, 280–2.

29.
Three 15th-Cent. Chrons.
73; Waurin, 280–2; Postan and Power, 317.

30. Postan and Power, 318.

31. DL 37/32/79; M. K. Jones, ‘Edward IV, the Earl of Warwick, and the Yorkist Claim to the Throne’,
HR
lxx (1997), 343, 352.

32. Scofield, i. 51–2.

33. Ibid. i. 51–2; ‘The Capture of Lord Rivers and Sir Anthony Woodville on 19th January 1460’,
EHR
xxxviii (1922), 253–5.

34. Griffiths,
Henry VI
, 857, 862;
DKR
48 (1887), 440, 443;
POPC
vi. 513–17.

35.
CPR 1454–61
, 409, 415–16.

36. Scofield, i. 59.

37.
The Brut
, 529; Scofield,
Edward IV
, i. 59;
Great Red Book of Bristol
, iii (Bristol Rec. Soc. xvi, 1951), 20; DL 37/32/79; C 1/27/383, 440, 471.

38.
The Brut
, 529;
Annales
, 772; Waurin, 288–9.

39. Waurin, 289–90.

40. C 76/142 no. 8. A grant was made of property forfeited by Galet,
CPR 1452–61
, 585.

41. Waurin, 290–1.

42.
Three 15th-Cent. Chrons.
73;
Annales
, 772.

43.
Davies Chron.
86–90, 93; Robbins,
Hist. Poems
, 209, 211.

44.
Annales
, 772.

45.
Three 15th-Cent. Chrons.
74;
Davies Chron.
94–5;
Annales
, 772–3.

46.
CPR 1454–61
, 415–16.

47. As stated in Watts,
Henry VI
, 356–7.

48.
Davies Chron.
96–7.

49. R. I. Jack, ‘A Quincentenary: The Battle of Northampton, July 11th 1460’,
Northamptonshire Past and Present
iii (1960), 21–5, esp. 23.

50. A. Goodman,
The Wars of the Roses
(1981), 37–8;
Davies Chron.
97. The reference to ‘curre Dogges’ in the verses alludes back to the five dogs insult to York in 1456.

51. Robbins,
Hist. Poems
, 212.

52. Ibid. 212–14;
Davies Chron.
97–8;
Three 15th-Cent. Chrons.
74. It is not significant that Henry was not lodged at Westminster,
pace
Watts,
Henry VI
, 357n.

53. Whetehamstede, i. 375.

54. Waurin, 304;
Annales
, 773–4;
Three 15th-Cent. Chrons.
74.

55. C 76/142 m. 6.

56. E 163/8/10;
Annales
, 773;
CSPM
i. 27.

57.
Davies Chron.
97.

58.
Annales
, 774; Waurin, 306–7;
DKR
48 (1887), 443.

59. Griffiths,
Henry VI
, 866, 869–70.

60. Scofield, i. 112–16, 134; C. Head, ‘Pius II and the Wars of the Roses’,
Archivum
Historiae Pontificae
vii (1970), 158; M. A. Hicks, ‘A Minute of the Lancastrian Council at York, 20 January 1461’,
Northern History
, xxxii (1999).

61. Griffiths,
Henry VI
, 864;
CCR 1454–61
, 455–6; E 403/820 m. 2.

62.
POPC
vi. 362–3;
Stone’s Chron.
, 81.

63.
POPC
vi. 387.

64. Somerville,
Duchy of Lancaster
, i. 212–13.

65. C. M. Barron, ‘London and the Crown 1451–61’,
The Crown and Local Communities
in England and France in the Fifteenth Century
, ed. J. R. L. Highfield and R. I. Jeffs (Gloucester, 1981), 97, 107–8.

66.
CCR 1454–61
, 474.

67. C 76/142 m. 6;
POPC
vi. 506;
CPR 1452–61
, 647, 649.

68. Somerville,
History of the Duchy of Lancaster
, i. 212–13n, 421, 429, 493, 540, 542, 576, 583;
CPR 1454–61
, 474, 589, 627, 642, 646;
CFR 1452–61
, 287–8.

69. Anstis, i. 168.

70.
CSPM
i. 27.

71.
Paston L & P
ii. 210.

72.
POPC
vi. 362–3; Barron, ‘London & Crown’, 97–8; BL Egerton Roll 8542 m. 3;
Stone’s Chron.
81;
DKR
48 (1887), 443; Waurin, 307–8; G. Baskerville, ‘A Latin Chronicle of 1460’,
EHR
xxviii (1913), 126;
Bridgewater Borough Archives 1445–68
, ed. T. B. Dilks (Somerset Rec. Soc. lx, 1948), no. 615.

73. Waurin, 309–10.

74. Waurin, 310.

75.
CPR 1452–61
, 647.

76. Waurin, 309.

77. BL Egerton Roll 8541 m. 3; Add. Ch. 54950; KB 9/313/57;
RP
v. 373.

78.
Paston L & P
ii. 210.

79. Waurin, 313; Johnson,
York
, 218–19.

80. A. I. Dunlop,
The Life & Times of James Kennedy, Bishop of St Andrews
(1950), 215.

81.
Paston L & P
ii. 221.

82.
POPC
vi. 303; Robbins,
Hist. Poems
, 215;
CPR 1452–61
, 608, 610.

83. Johnson,
York
, 212; Scofield, i. 101; Jones and Walker, ‘Private Contracts’, 164–5;
Gregory’s Chron.
208.

84. Johnson,
York
, 216; Waurin, 311–12. For what follows, see esp. Johnson,
York
, 213–18; Whetehamstede, i. 376–84.

85. Johnson,
York
, 214.

86. Ibid.

87. Whetehamstede, i. 380–1.

88.
Annales
, 774.

89. Waurin, 314–15; Head, ‘Pius II’, 160.

90.
Davies Chron.
86, 89, 95, 97;
CSPM
i. 24; Robbins,
Hist. Poems
, 210–15.

91. Whetehamstede, i. 383–4.

92. Jones and Walker, ‘Private Contracts’, 164–5, 165n; Whetehamstede, i. 377–80; see also Kingsford,
London Chrons.
171; Waurin, 314.

93.
Paston L & P
i. 259.

94. Johnson,
York
, 214.

95.
CPR 1452–61
, 642.

96. Gilson, ‘Defence’, 521.

97.
CCR 1454–61
, 409.

98. Gilson, ‘Defence’, 515;
Davies Chron.
87–8.

99. D. McCulloch and E. D. Jones, ‘Lancastrian Politics, the French War, and the Rise of the Popular Element’,
Speculum
lviii (1983), 130; note also the reference to March as ‘conceived in wedlock’ in the
Verses on the Yorkist Lords
.

100. Gilson, ‘Defence’, 515.

101. Robbins,
Hist. Poems
, 209, 213, 215, 219;
Davies Chron.
93;
Three 15th-Cent. Chrons.
72;
Foedera
v. ii. 97.

102.
Three 15th-Cent. Chrons.
169; see also
Gregory’s Chron.
, 120.

103. Waurin, 270.

104. Robbins,
Hist. Poems
, 208.

105. Gilson, ‘Defence’, 515, 521.

106.
Davies Chron.
84.

107.
Three 15th-Cent. Chrons.
73;
The Brut
, 528;
Annales
, 772; Waurin, 280–2.

108.
The Brut
, 528.

109. Gilson, ‘Defence’, 512–26, esp. 514–16.

110. Robbins,
Hist. Poems
, 218–21.

111. Ellis,
Original Letters
, 3 ser. i. 85–7.

112.
Vale’s Bk.
210–12.

113.
Davies Chron.
91–4, repr. in Robbins,
Hist. Poems
, 207–10.

114.
Davies Chron.
, 86–90.

115. Robbins,
Hist. Poems
, 210–15.

116.
Vale’s Bk.
142–3. These were the letters read to the City corporation on 2 December, Corporation of London RO, London Jnl. 6, ff. 279–80.

117. Robbins,
Hist. Poems
, 220–1. Though the only surviving texts say ‘Edward’, ibid. 279, they only make sense if at composition Henry was meant.

118.
Davies Chron.
92.

119. Ibid. 87–9.

120.
Vale’s Bk.
210–12;
Davies Chron.
86–94.

121. Ellis,
Original Letters
, 3 ser. i. 85–8.

122. Ibid. 3 ser. i. 89–97.

123. Robbins,
Hist. Poems
, 221.

124.
Davies Chron.
93.

125. Ibid. 86–90.

126. Ibid. 94–5;
Stone’s Chron.
, 79–80; R. L. Storey, ‘Episcopal King-Makers in the Fifteenth Century’,
The Church, Patronage and Politics in 15th Century England
, ed. R. B. Dobson (Gloucester, 1984), 87; G. Baskerville, ‘A London Chronicle of 1460’,
HER
xxviii (1913), 125.

127. Head, ‘Pius II’, 156–7, 173.

128. Robbins,
Hist. Poems
, 215.

129. Gilson, ‘Defence’, 515.

130.
Paston L & P
i. 162; see also Waurin, 284.

131. Scofield, i. 46.

132. Waurin, 281.

133.
CPR 1452–61
, 599;
POPC
vi. 361.

134.
Davies Chron.
89–90.

135. Ibid.

136.
Vale’s Bk.
209.

137. R. Lovatt, ‘A Collector of Apocryphal Anecdotes: John Blacman Revisited’,
Property and Politics: Essays in Later Medieval English History
, ed. A. J. Pollard (Gloucester, 1984), 174.

138.
Davies Chron.
91–2. Johnson identifies the text, but differs in his analysis, Johnson,
York
, 203–4.

139. Robbins,
Hist. Poems
, 213.

140. Johnson,
York
, 211–12; Jones, ‘Edward IV, Warwick and the Yorkist Claim’, 348–50. The Count of Foix, Archibald Whitelaw and Edward IV were all writing
after
the dynastic revolution of 1461.

141.
CSPM
i. 27.

142. Gross,
Dissolution
, 15–17.

143. C. Rawcliffe,
Medicine and Society in Late Medieval England
(Stroud, 1995), 46. The speech may not however be authentic, since Rawcliffe’s source for a speech mentioned by nobody else is the mid-Tudor chronicle of Edward Hall.

144. The best assessment is now Watts,
Henry VI
, 359n.

145. Waurin, 309.

146.
Vale’s Bk.
, 142–3; Corp. of London RO, London Jnl. 6, ff. 279–80.

147.
Hardyng’s Chronicle
, ed. H. Ellis (1812), 16, 155, 179.

148. Scofield, i. 118–20.

149.
Annales
, 775; see also Hicks, ‘An Alternative Government’.

150.
Vale’s Bk.
142–3; see also Goodman,
Wars of the Roses
, 44;
POPC
vi. 307–10.

151.
Davies Chron.
107;
Annales
, 772.

152.
CSPM
i. 46.

153. Scofield, i. 130–1.

154. Ibid. i. 129–30.

155. Barron, ‘London and Crown’, 103;
Acts of Court of the Mercers’ Company 1453–1547
, ed. L. Lyell and F. D. Walney (Cambridge, 1936), 48, 51–8.

156. Scofield, i. 131, 141; ii. 159–60.

157. Ibid. i. 132–3; Head, ‘Pius II’, 163–6, at 163.

158. Waurin, 327.

159.
CSPM
i. 41.

160. E.g. Goodman,
Wars of the Roses
, 45.

161.
Gregory’s Chron.
213.

162. Waurin, 327, 329.

163. Scofield, i. 144.

164. Whetehamstede, i. 388–401;
Ingulph’s Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland
, ed. H. T. Riley (1854), 421–3.

165.
CSPM
i. 39.

166. Scofield, i. 146.

167. Ibid. i. 149 & n.

168. Cf. C. F. Richmond, ‘The Nobility and the Wars of the Roses’,
Nottingham
Medieval Studies
21 (1977), 71–85; Watts,
Henry VI
, 359n, 361n.