Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests: Pathways to Arriving at a Clinical Diagnosis (1470 page)

Lipoprotein

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A
²
(Lp-PLA
²
)

Listeria
infection

Listeria monocytogenes

genital culture

GI symptoms

Listeriosis

blood cultures

Gram stain

syphilis

TB

Lithium

Liver

enzymes, gallbladder and biliary tree diseases

portal hypertension

vascular and ischemic disorders

Liver cirrhosis

albumin

ALP

AST

bilirubin

bleeding time

BUN

cholesterol

HDL

LDL

PT

total cholesterol

total protein

WBC

Liver disease

disease induced thrombocytopathies

mean corpuscular volume

PT

Liver failure, acute

albumin

ALP

ALT

ammonia

antithrombin III

aPTT

AST

bilirubin

cholesterol

DIC

GGT

HBeAg

HBsAg

lactic acidosis

metabolic alkalosis

platelet count

PT

respiratory alkalosis

Staphylococcus aureus

total protein

Liver function, PT

L
-lactate.
See
Blood lactate

Loa loa
, blood parasite examination

Lou Gehrig disease.
See
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Low bicarbonate, diabetic ketoacidosis

Low HDL-C lipidemia

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)

abetalipoproteinemia

abnormal liver function tests, CHF

acid lipase deficiencies

cirrhosis

familial combined hyperlipidemia

familial hypercholesterolemia (Type II)

familial hypertriglyceridemia (Type IV)

HCV infection

hyperalphalipoproteinemia

hyperlipidemia

hypobetalipoproteinemia

liver cirrhosis

metabolic syndrome

polygenic hypercholesterolemia

Tangier disease

Lower respiratory tract (LRT) infections, sputum culture (routine)

Lp(a)

atherosclerosis

hyperlipidemia

LPL/WM.
See
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL)/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM)

Lp-PLA
²
.
See
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A
²
(Lp-PLA
²
)

LRs.
See
Likelihood ratios (LRs)

LRT.
See
Lower respiratory tract (LRT) infections, sputum culture (routine)

L:S ratio.
See
Lecithin-to-sphingomyelin (L:S) ratio

LTA.
See
Light transmittance aggregometry (LTA)

Lucey-Driscoll syndrome

Lung cancer

diagnostic findings

EGFR

non-small cell lung cancer

small cell lung cancer

Lupus anticoagulant (LA)

algorithm for testing

circulating anticoagulants

factor XII

protein C

PTT

pulmonary embolism

Sjögren syndrome

stroke

systemic lupus erythematosus

thrombophilia

two screening tests

Lupus nephritis.
See also
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

anti-DNA antibodies

C3

C4

nephrotic syndrome

systemic lupus erythematosus

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

disorders of sperm transport

FSH

GnRH

gynecomastia

hirsutism

hyperprolactinemia

hypopituitarism

multiple gestations

pituitary tumors

Prolactin

Lyme arditis

Lyme disease.
See alsoBorrelia burgdorferi

Bell palsy

Borrelia burgdorferi
-antibody screen

Borrelia burgdorferi
-western blot assay

ESR

listeriosis

RF

serologic test

retrobulbar neuropathy

stroke

serologic testing for
B. burgdorferi

spinal cord infarction

syphilis

western blot assays

Lymph node biopsy

Lymphocytic gastritis, nonatrophic (type B gastritis)

Lymphocytic hypophysitis, hypopituitarism

Lymphocytopenia

cushing syndrome

sarcoidosis

TB

Lymphocytosis

chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

neutropenia

Lymphomas

adrenal insufficiency

adrenal masses

AIHAs

bone marrow analysis

Burkitt lymphoma

chronic autoimmune thyroiditis

cryoglobulinemia

cutaneous T-cell lymphomas

DLBCL

follicular lymphoma

hemophilia A and B

LHCDD

LPL/WM

mantle cell lymphoma

marginal zone lymphoma

non-Hodgkin lymphomas

PTLD

Lymphomatous involvement of CNS

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL)/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM)

cryoglobulinemia

laboratory findings

azotemia

bone marrow biopsy

CBC

CNS infiltration

coagulation

flow cytometry

histologic transformation

hyperuricemia and hypercalcemia

immunoglobulins

LDH and alkaline phosphatase

lymph node biopsy

molecular genetics

sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein

serum β-2 microglobulin

serum viscosity

limitations

MGUS

multiple myeloma

normocytic anemia

Rouleaux formation

Lymphoproliferative diseases

Lysosomal storage disorders

Canavan disease

cystinosis

Fabry disease

Farber disease

Gaucher disease

glycogen storage disease, type I

glycogen storage disease, type II

GM
¹
gangliosidosis

Hurler syndrome

I-cell disease

Krabbe disease

Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome

metachromatic leukodystrophy

Morquio syndrome

mucolipidosis III

Niemann-Pick disease, type C

Niemann-Pick disease, types A and B

Sanfilippo syndrome

Tay-Sachs disease

Wolman disease

Lysozyme, AML

M

MAC.
SeeMycobacterium avium
complex (MAC)

Macroamylasemia, pancreas disorders

Macroangiopathic hemolytic anemias

Macrocytic anemia

AIDS

causes

cirrhosis

down syndrome

folate deficiency

limitations

MCV

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)

vitamin B
¹²
deficiency

Macroglobulinemia

AIHAs

disease induced thrombocytopathies

Macroscopic examination

arthropod

parasites

Macrovasculopathy and vascular atherosclerosis, DM

Magnesium (Mg)

deficiency

digitalis sensitivity

in GI disorders

limitations

preeclampsia monitoring

regional enteritis