Up and Down Stairs (55 page)

88
. Beeton, paras 2374–87.

89
. Beeton, para 2387

90
. Beeton, paras 2387.

91
. Hann, p. 40.

92
. Beeton, para 2357ff.

93
. Adams, p. 295.

94
. Beeton, paras 2364–8.

95
. Adams, p. 336.

96
. Horn,
Rise and Fall
, p. 90.

97
. Adams, p. 338.

98
. Beeton, para 2155.

99
. This is also evident from earlier periods, as in D.R. Hainsworth,
Stewards, Lords and People
(1992).

100
. Caroline Wood, ‘Music-Making in a Yorkshire Country House’, in
Nineteenth Century British Music Studies’
, ed. Zon Bennet (1999), p. 222, thanks to Jane Troughton for drawing my attention to this.

101
. Hartcup, p. 26.

102
. Horn,
Rise and Fall
, p. 91.

103
. Lanceley, p. 41.

104
. Adams, pp. 339–40.

105
. Beeton, para 2164.

106
. Adams, pp. 340–1.

107
. Glanville (ed.),
Elegant Eating
, pp. 50–1 and Beeton, para 2188.

108
. Wilton Household Regulations, typescript, p. 13.

109
. Information from Sara Rodger, the archivist at Arundel Castle.

110
. Hartcup, pp. 45–6.

111
. Pamela Sambrook,
The Country House Servant
(2002), p. 93.

112
. Hartcup,
Below Stairs
, p. 46.

113
. See Hatfield Household Regulations, reproduced in Hartcup, p. 97.

114
. Adams, pp. 361–2.

115
. Adams, p. 363.

116
. Turner, p. 167.

117
. Turner, pp. 167–9.

118
. Turner, p. 168.

119
. Horn,
Rise and Fall
, pp. 100–1.

120
. Adams, pp. 368–9.

121
. Gerard, p. 203. The modern-day value of wages was calculated using the ‘Measuring Worth’ site at ‘Economic History’, Ethnet.ac.uk, of the University of Illinois at Chicago
www.measuringworth.com
.

122
. Adams, p. 369.

123
. Hartcup, p. 52.

124
. Waterfield, pp. 74–5.

125
. Advice from the Duke of Buccleuch; and Waterfield, pp. 74–5.

126
. Duke of Devonshire,
A Handbook of Chatsworth and Hardwick
(1845), p. 150.

127
. Adams, pp. 372–3.

128
. Turner, p. 175.

129
. Adams, p. 373.

130
. Turner, p. 176; Pamela Sambrook,
A Country House at Work
(2003), p. 59.

131
. Sambrook,
A Country House at Work
, p. 99.

132
. Adams, p. 376.

133
. Adams, p. 376.

134
. Adams, p. 380.

135
. Adams, pp. 382–3.

136
. Adams, p. 383.

137
. Adams, p. 383.

138
. Hartcup, p. 37.

139
. Hartcup, p. 37.

140
. Beeton, paras 2189–95.

141
. E.M. Butler (ed.),
A Regency Visitor: The English Tour of Prince PücklerMuskau Described in his Letters 1826–1828
(1957), p. 155.

142
. Adams, pp. 409–10.

143
. John Kenworthy-Brown, ‘Joseph Paxton (1803–1865)’, in
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
(2004–9) and Kate Colquhon,
A Thing in Disguise: the Visionary Life of Joseph Paxton
(2004).

144
. Devonshire,
The House
, p. 210.

145
. Gerard, p. 198.

146
. Hartcup, p. 115.

147
. Horn,
Rise and Fall
, p. 105.

148
. Gerard, p. 208.

149
. Fingall, p. 159.

150
. Beeton, para 2153.

151
. Beeton, para 2154.

152
. Beeton, para 2154.

153
. Beeton, para 2154.

154
. Beeton, para 1.

155
. Beeton, para 17.

156
. Horn,
Rise and Fall
, pp. 123–4.

157
. Gerard, p. 164.

158
. Gerard, p. 233.

159
. Gerard, p. 155.

160
. Gerard, pp. 234–5.

1
. Gerard, p. 253.

2
. Hardyment, pp. 92–4.

3
. Horn,
Flunkeys
, p. 243.

4
. Gerard, p. 252.

5
. ‘The families of Annesley Park’, extract from a private family history, sent to me by Celia Hanbury, a descendant.

6
. Catherine Osborne (ed.),
Memorials of Lady Osborne
(1870), vol. 1, pp. 5–8.

7
. Osborne, p. 5.

8
. Osborne, p. 8.

9
. Osborne, p. 7.

10
. Osborne, pp. 7–8.

11
. Elizabeth Smith,
Memoirs of a Highland Lady
(1911), pp. 170–3.

12
. Smith,
Memoirs
, p. 171.

13
. Smith,
Memoirs
, p. 173 and 377.

14
. I am much indebted to the excellent edition edited by Liz Stanley,
The Diaries of Hannah Cullwick
(1984), afterwards Cullwick; the original manuscript of the diaries is in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge; my thanks to the Master and Fellows, and to the archivist Jonathan Smith, for allowing me to inspect these originals.

15
. Trinity MSS, Munby Collection 8814, ‘Hannah’s Places’, pp. 4–5, Cullwick, pp. 38–41.

16
. Cullwick, p. 293.

17
. Trinity MSS Munby Collection 8814, ‘Hannah’s Places’, pp. 4–5.

18
. Trinity MSS Munby Collection 8814, ‘Hannah’s Places’, Cullwick, pp. 6–8.

19
. Cullwick, p. 38.

20
. Cullwick, pp. 38–9.

21
. Cullwick, p. 40.

22
. Cullwick, p. 40.

23
. Trinity MSS, Munby Collection 8814, ‘Hannah’s Places’, Cullwick, pp. 19–20.

24
. Cullwick, p. 41.

25
. Cullwick, p. 41.

26
. Cullwick, p. 85.

27
. Cullwick, p. 107.

28
. Lanceley, p. 14.

29
. Lanceley, p. 14.

30
. Lanceley, p. 23.

31
. Lanceley, p. 23.

32
. Gerard, p. 210.

33
. Gerard, p. 208.

34
. Gerard, pp. 208 and 218.

35
. Information from James Cartland of Carnfield Hall, Derbyshire.

36
. Anon., ‘The Summer Excursion’, in
Transactions of the Thoroton Society
, vol. III (1899).

37
. Horn,
Rise and Fall
, p. 186.

38
. Kilgallon memoirs, typescript version (afterwards Kilgallon), now in the Gore-Booth papers in the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, with thanks for Dr Anne MacVeigh of PRONI, for her assistance for getting me access to them, quoted here with kind permission of Sir Joscelyn Gore-Booth, Bt. Kilgallon’s memoirs were used as a source for the chapter on Lissadell in Mark Bence-Jones,
Life in the Irish Country House
(1996), otherwise unpublished.

39
. Anne Marreco,
The Rebel Countess
(1967).

40
. Mona Hearn,
Below Stairs
(1993).

41
. Kilgallon, p. 1.

42
. Kilgallon, p. 4.

43
. Kilgallon, p. 5

44
. Kilgallon, p. 8.

45
. Kilgallon, pp. 20–1.

46
. Kilgallon, p. 21.

47
. Kilgallon, pp. 22–3.

48
. Kilgallon, p. 23.

49
. Kilgallon, p. 19.

50
. Kilgallon, p. 23.

51
. Kilgallon, p. 23.

52
. Kilgallon, p. 24.

53
. Kilgallon, p. 25.

54
. Kilgallon, p. 26.

55
. Kilgallon, p. 26.

56
. Eric Horne,
What the Butler Winked at
(1923), p. 62 (afterwards Horne).

57
. Horne, p. 78.

58
. Horne, p. 63.

59
. Horne, p. 64.

60
. Horne, p. 64.

61
. Horne, p. 64.

62
. Horne, pp. 65–6.

63
. Horne, p. 66