Unfair (89 page)

Kahan, Paul.
Eastern State Penitentiary: A History
. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2008.

Kaiser, David, and Lovisa Stannow. “Prison Rape and the Government.”
New York Review of Books
, March 24, 2011.

Katz, Lawrence, Steven D. Levitt, and Ellen Shustorovich. “Prison Conditions, Capital Punishment, and Deterrence.”
American Law and Economics Review
5 (2003): 318–43.

Keim, Brandon. “Solitary Confinement: The Invisible Torture.”
Wired
, April 29, 2009.
http://www.wired.com/​2009/04/​solitaryconfinement/
.

Kohn, David. “Three Strikes: Penal Overkill in California?” CBS News, October 28, 2002.
http://www.cbsnews.com/​news/three​-strikes-28-10-2002/
.

Lappi-Seppälä, Tapio. “Penal Policy in Scandinavia.”
Crime and Justice
36 (2007): 217–93.

Lieberman, Matthew D.
Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect
. New York: Random House, 2013.

Liptak, Adam. “Inmate Count in U.S. Dwarfs Other Nations'.”
New York Times
, April 23, 2008.

Llanos, Miguel. “Crime in Decline, but Why? Low Inflation Among Theories.” NBC News. September 20, 2011.
http://www.nbcnews.com/​id/44578241/ns​/us_news-crime_and_courts​/t/crime-decline​-why-low-inflation-among-theories​/#.U4EH_V4tpcN
.

Lockyer v. Andrade
. 538 U.S. 63 (2003).

Mauer, Marc. “Is the ‘Tough on Crime' Movement on Its Way Out?”
MSNBC.com
, May 5, 2014.
http://www.msnbc.com/​msnbc/sentencing-reform​-the-end-tough​-crime
.

McCleland, Jacob. “The High Costs of High Security at Supermax Prisons.” NPR, June 19, 2012.
http://www.npr.org/​2012/06​/19/155359553/the-high-​costs-of-high-security-at-supermax-prisons
.

Mears, Daniel P. “Supermax Prisons: The Policy and the Evidence.”
Criminology and Public Policy
12 (2013): 681–719.

Milgram, Stanley.
Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View
. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.

Miller, John. “ ‘A Suffering People': English Quakers and Their Neighbours, c. 1650—c. 1700.”
Past and Present
188 (2005): 71–103.

“The Myth of Deterrence.”
New York Times
, April 27, 2012.

Nadler, Janice. “Flouting the Law.”
Texas Law Review
83 (2005): 1399–1441.

Nagin, Daniel S. “Deterrence in the 21st Century: A Review of the Evidence.” In
Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research
, edited by Michael Tonry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013.

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
Misplaced Priorities: Over Incarcerate, Under Educate
, 2nd ed. Baltimore: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 2011.

National Institute of Justice. “Five Things About Deterrence.” September 12, 2014.
http://nij.gov/​five-things/Pages/deterrence.aspx?utm_source=eblast-govdelivery&​utm_medium=eblast​&utm_campaign=five+things​-deterrence
.

National Institute of Justice. “Program Profile: Hawaii Opportunity Probation with Enforcement (HOPE).” Accessed May 25, 2015.
http://www.crimesolutions.gov/​ProgramDetails​.aspx?ID=49
.

National Research Council.
Deterrence and the Death Penalty
. Edited by Daniel S. Nagin and John V. Pepper. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2012.

National Standards to Prevent, Detect, and Respond to Prison Rape. 28 C.F.R. pt. 115 (2012).

“New York Rethinks Solitary Confinement.”
New York Times
, February 20, 2014.

Penn Medicine. “Pennsylvania Hospital History: Stories: Dr. Benjamin Rush.” Accessed May 15, 2014.
http://www.uphs.​upenn.edu/​paharc/features​/brush.html
.

Pew Center on the States.
State of Recidivism: The Revolving Door of America's Prisons
. Washington, DC: Pew Center on the States, 2011.

Pew Charitable Trusts.
Collateral Costs: Incarceration's Effect on Economic Mobility
. Washington, DC: Pew Charitable Trusts, 2010.

Pizarro, Jesenia M., Kristen M. Zgoba, and Sabrina Haugebrook. “Supermax and Recidivism: An Examination of the Recidivism Covariates Among a Sample of Supermax Ex-Inmates.”
Prison Journal
94 (2014): 180–97.

Resnick, Brian. “Chart: One Year at Prison Costs More Than One Year at Princeton.”
Atlantic
, November 1, 2011.
http://www.theatlantic.com/​national/archive​/2011/11​/chart-one-year​-of-prison-​costs-more-than-one​-year-at-princeton/​247629/
.

Resnick, Judith, and Jonathan Curtis-Resnick. “Abolish the Death Penalty and the Supermax, Too.”
Slate
, June 18, 2012.
http://hive.slate.com/​hive/how-can-we​-fix-constitution/​article/abolish-​the-death-penalty-and​-the-supermax-too
.

“Reviving Clemency, Serving Justice.”
New York Times
, April 23, 2014.

Ridgeway, James, Jean Casella, and Sal Rodriguez. “Senators Finally Ponder the Question: Is Solitary Confinement Wrong?”
Mother Jones
, June 19, 2012.

Robinson, Paul H., and John M. Darley. “The Role of Deterrence in the Formulation of Criminal Law Rules: At Its Worst When Doing Its Best.”
Georgetown Law Journal
91 (2003): 950–51.

Robinson, Paul H., Geoffrey P. Goodwin, and Michael D. Reisig. “The Disutility of Injustice.”
New York University Law Review
85 (2010): 1940–2033.

Robinson, Paul H., Sean E. Jackowitz, and Daniel M. Bartels. “Extralegal Punishment Factors: A Study for Forgiveness, Hardship, Good Deeds, Apology, Remorse, and Other Such Discretionary Factors in Assessing Criminal Punishment.”
Vanderbilt Law Review
65 (2012): 737–826.

Roper v. Simmons
. 543 U.S. 551 (2005).

Savage, Charlie. “Justice Dept. Seeks to Curtail Stiff Drug Sentences.”
New York Times
, August 12, 2013.

Savage, David G. “Supreme Court to Hear Three-Strikes Challenge.”
Los Angeles Times
, April 2, 2002.

The Shawshank Redemption
. Directed by Frank Darabont. Burbank, CA: Warner Brothers Pictures, 1994.

“Smarter Sentencing.”
New York Times
, August 13, 2013.

Subramanian, Ram, and Alison Shames.
Sentencing and Prison Practices in Germany and the Netherlands: Implications for the United States
. New York: Vera Institute of Justice, 2013.

Tapley, Lance. “The Worst of the Worst: Supermax Torture in America.”
Boston Review
, November 1, 2010.

Torrey, E. Fuller, Aaron D. Kennard, Don Eslinger, Richard Lamb, and James Pavle.
More Mentally Ill Persons Are in Jails and Prisons Than Hospitals: A Survey of the States
. Arlington, VA: Treatment Advocacy Center, 2010.

UNICEF,
Children at Risk in Central and Eastern Europe: Perils and Promises
. Florence, Italy: United Nations Children's Fund, International Child Development Centre, 1997.

Weaver, Kimberlee, Stephen M. Garcia, and Norbert Schwarz. “The Presenter's Paradox.”
Journal of Consumer Research
39 (2012): 445–60.

Weiser, Benjamin. “New York State in Deal to Limit Solitary Confinement.”
New York Times
, February 19, 2014.

Wolfers, Justin. “Life in Prison, with the Remote Possibility of Death.”
New York Times
, July 18, 2014.

“About the Advocates.”
The Advocates
. Accessed May 4, 2014.
http://www.theadvocates.com/​philosophy.​htm
.

Alcindor, Yamiche. “Officer Testimony No Slam Dunk for Zimmerman Prosecutors.”
USA Today
, July 2, 2013.

American Society of Trial Consultants. “Areas of Consulting.” Accessed May 4, 2014.
http://www.astcweb.org/​/files/17/35/25/f173525/public/article​.cfm/areas-​of-consulting
.

American Society of Trial Consultants. “History and Goals.” Accessed May 4, 2014.
http://www.astcweb.org/​/files/17/35/25/f173525/public/article.​cfm/​society-goals
.

American Society of Trial Consultants.
The Professional Code of the American Society of Trial Consultants
. 2013.

Bloomberg News. “Stewart Sued by Jury Consultant for $74,047 in Fees.”
Chicago Tribune
, November 18, 2005.

Bond v. United States
. 529 U.S. 334 (2000).

Buckley, Cara. “State's Witnesses in Zimmerman Trial Put the Prosecution on the Defensive.”
New York Times
, July 2, 2013.

Carbado, Devon W., Cheryl I. Harris, and Kimberle Williams Crenshaw. “Racial Profiling Lives On.”
New York Times
, August 14, 2013.

Corenevsky v. Superior Court
. 682 P.2d 360 (Cal. 1984).

Crocker, Caroline B., and Margaret Bull Kovera. “Systematic Jury Selection.” In
Handbook of Trial Consulting
, edited by Richard L. Wiener and Brian H. Bornstein. New York: Springer, 2011.

Early, Kate. “The Impact of Pretrial Publicity on an Indigent Capital Defendant's Due Process Right to a Jury Consultant.”
Roger Williams University Law Review
16 (2011): 687–722.

Edwards, Tamsin. “Climate Scientists Must Not Advocate Particular Policies.”
Guardian
, July 31, 2013.

Equal Justice Initiative.
Illegal Racial Discrimination in Jury Selection: A Continuing Legacy
. Montgomery, AL, 2010.

Frederick, Jeffrey T. “Social Science Involvement in Voir Dire: Preliminary Data on the Effectiveness of ‘Scientific Jury Selection.' ”
Behavioral Sciences and Law
2 (1984): 375–94.

Garrett, Brandon L.
Convicting the Innocent: Where Criminal Prosecutions Go Wrong
. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011.

Geders v. United States
. 425 U.S. 80 (1976).

Gilliam v. State
. 629 A.2d 685 (Md. 1993).

Gobert, James J., Ellen Kreitzberg, and Charles H. Rose III.
Jury Selection: The Law, Art and Science of Selecting a Jury
. Eagen, MN: West, 2009.

Harmon, Rachel. “Promoting Policing at Its Best.”
Virginia Journal
15 (2012): 33–57.

Hartje, Rachel. “A Jury of Your Peers? How Jury Consulting May Actually Help Trial Lawyers Resolve Constitutional Limitations Imposed on the Selection of Juries.”
California Western Law Review
41 (2005): 479–506.

Hutson, Matthew. “Unnatural Selection.”
Psychology Today
40 (2007): 90–95.

Joy, Peter A., and Kevin C. McMunigal. “Witness Preparation: When Does It Cross the Line?”
Criminal Justice
17 (2002): 48.

“Juror Information Questionnaire.” 234 Pa. Code Rule 632.
http://www.pacode.com/​secure/data/234/​chapter6/s632.html
.

Kassin, Saul M., Richard A. Leo, Christian A. Meissner, Kimberly D. Richman, Lori H. Colwell, Amy-May Leach, and Dana La Fon. “Police Interviewing and Interrogation: A Self-Report Survey of Police Practices and Beliefs.”
Law and Human Behavior
31 (2007): 381–400.

Kressel, Neil J., and Dorit F. Kressel.
Stack and Sway: The New Science of Jury Consulting
. Cambridge, MA: Westview, 2002.

Lackey, Robert T. “Science, Scientists, and Policy Advocacy,”
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Papers
. Paper 142 (2007).
http://digitalcommons.unl​.edu/​usepapapers​/142
.

Lattman, Peter. “Jury Is Seated in Rajat Gupta Trial.”
New York Times
, May 21, 2012.

LeGrande, Nicole, and Kathleen Mierau. “Witness Preparation and the Trial Consulting Industry.”
Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics
17 (2004): 947–60.

Leo, Richard A. “Inside the Interrogation Room.”
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
86 (1996): 266–303.

Leo, Richard A., Steven A. Drizin, Peter J. Neufeld, Bradley R. Hall, and Amy Vatner. “Bringing Reliability Back In: False Confessions and Legal Safeguards in the Twenty-First Century.”
Wisconsin Law Review
2 (2006): 479–539.

Lieberman, Joel D. “The Utility of Scientific Jury Selection: Still Murky After 30 Years.”
Current Directions in Psychological Science
20 (2011): 48–52.

Lieberman, Joel D., and Bruce D. Sales.
Scientific Jury Selection
. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2007.

McDermott, Tricia. “The Jury Consultants.” CBS News, June 2, 2004.
http:​//www.cbsnews.com/​8301-​18559_162-620794​.html
.

Miranda v. Arizona
. 384 U.S. 436 (1966).

Model Criminal Jury Instructions § 1.01–.19.

Model Rules of Professional Conduct Rule 3.4(b).

Moore, Sarah G., David T. Neal, Gavan J. Fitzsimons, and Baba Shiv. “Wolves in Sheep's Clothing: How and When Hypothetical Questions Influence Behavior.”
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
117 (2012): 168–78.

National Conference of Bar Examiners. “The Multistate Bar Examination (MBE).”
http://www.ncbex.org/​about-ncbe-exams/mbe/
.

National Legal Aid and Defender Association. “Collected Quotes Pertaining to Equal Justice.”
Communication Resources
. Accessed May 4, 2014.
http://www.nlada.org/​News/Equal_​Justice_Quotes
.

Noë, Alva. “When Science Becomes News, the Facts Can Go Up in Smoke.” NPR, May 4, 2014.
http://www.npr.org/​blogs/13.7/2014/05/​04/308926616/​when-science-​becomes-news-the-​facts-can-go-up-in-smoke?utm_source​=facebook.com&utm_medium​=social&utm_campaign​=npr&utm_term​=nprnews&utm_content​=20140504
.

Oliver, Myrna. “R. D. Herman, ‘Harrisburg 7' Trial Judge.”
Los Angeles Times
, April 9, 1990.