The Why Axis: Hidden Motives and the Undiscovered Economics of Everyday Life (41 page)
Read The Why Axis: Hidden Motives and the Undiscovered Economics of Everyday Life Online
Authors: Uri Gneezy,John List
Mullaney, Joseph,
198
Mullaney, Maura,
198–199
Mullaney, Rosemary,
198
Murder on the Orient Express
(Christie),
190
National Climate Assessment,
166
National Public Radio (NPR) pledge drive,
180–181
National Science Foundation,
41
Natural selection, theory of,
33–34
Negative externality,
24–26
Negotiation skills
New York Athletic Club,
111
New York Times Magazine
,
193
New York Times
(newspaper),
143
No Child Left Behind,
66
NPR.
See
National Public Radio (NPR)
Nudges, public policy and,
164–165
Nudge
(Thaler),
164
Nuisances, public policy and,
164–166
Nurture, gender gap and,
13
.
See also
Culture
Obese people, economic discrimination against,
130–131
Obesity, school nutrition programs and,
158–162
Oliver, Jamie,
159
“Once and done” fundraising campaign,
204–206
,
208–209
O’Neal, Shaquille,
105
Opt-in policies, organ donation and,
164
Opt-out policies,
14
direct-mail solicitations and,
204–206
,
210
organ donation and,
164
Oracle,
149–150
Organ donor lists,
162–165
Outcomes, shaped by incentives,
26–31
Parent Academy,
94–95
,
97
,
103–104
Parents
gender bias and,
61–62
monetary incentives for student achievement and,
74
,
78
,
88–89
,
95
,
97
,
103–104
Pasteur, Louis,
67
Pay-for-performance schemes, teachers and,
85–87
Payne, William,
69–70
Pay-what-you-want pricing strategy,
14
,
227–230
Peer identity, matching grants and,
183–184
Policy makers, gender gap and,
61–62
Preschool.
See
Early childhood education
Price, lower, as inducement to change behavior,
168–169
Price, Michael,
133
,
167–168
,
191
Price negotiation, gender and,
53–55
,
60
Price quotes
discrimination based on disability and,
124–127
ending economic discrimination and,
141–142
racial discrimination and,
135–138
Pricing methods,
16–17
electronic fingerprint and,
118–120
for winery,
225–227
Productivity, framing and increasing,
234–236
Public education
dropout rates,
65
effort to improve student outcomes in,
66–68
financial reward of,
70–71
as laboratories of learning,
107
monetary incentives for independent reading in,
85
monetary incentives for parents in,
74
,
78
,
88–89
,
95
,
97
,
103–104
monetary incentives for standardized testing outcomes,
79–85
monetary incentives for student achievement,
72–79
,
87–90
monetary incentives for teachers in,
85–87
,
106
reform of,
104–106
student achievement in,
65–66
violence reduction programs in,
151–158
See also
Chicago Heights (Illinois)
;
Chicago Public Schools
;
Early childhood education
Public goods, women and,
55–56
Public goods game,
56
Public policy
discrimination and,
138–141
increasing nudges/decreasing nuisances and,
164–166
social norms and,
167–169
using field experiments to improve,
169–170
QuickBooks,
218
Quikster,
215–216
Race
discrimination against gay couples and salesman’s,
134–135
risk for teen gun violence and,
155
Racial discrimination,
110
,
111
,
112
,
115–116
,
120–124
,
135–138
Radiohead,
227–228
Raffles,
185–187
Randomization, field experiments and,
242
Reading, incentives for independent,
85
Reciprocity, fundraising and,
206–207
,
231
,
232
Red Cross,
209
Refund offers,
176
Religion, discrimination against gay couples and,
134
Restaurant bills, splitting,
24–26
Retirement savings,
165–166
,
194
Rey-Biel, Pedro,
231
Richardson, Ralph,
190
Richmond Bridge (London),
189–190
Risk factors, for teen gun violence,
154–156
Rivera, Geraldo,
123
Rondeau, Daniel,
179
Roosevelt, Franklin,
111
Roseland neighborhood (Chicago),
145
Roth, Al,
228
Rustichini, Aldo,
20
Safeway,
28–29
“Safeway Amendment:,”
28
Salary negotiations, women and,
35–38
,
58–60
Sankale, Koinet,
42
Saturday Night Live
(television program),
216
Saturn division of General Motors,
60
Savings, retirement,
165–166
,
194
Schell/Mullaney,
201
School nutrition programs,
158–162
Scientific research
applying to social problems,
4–5
,
244
See also
Field experiments
Scientists, gender disparity among,
32–33
Seed money,
174–175
,
177
,
178–180
Seidel, Joe,
64
Self-interest
charitable giving and,
184
,
185
,
192–193
,
210
human motivation and,
3–4
selfishness
vs
.,
3
Selfishness, self-interest
vs
.,
3
Senior management, women in,
35
Sexual orientation, discrimination based on,
110
,
131–135
Shared Social Responsibility (SSR),
228
Shonkar, Pinki,
196–197
“Show Us the Data. (It’s Ours, After All.)” (Thaler),
143
Sierra Club of Canada,
179–180
Simon, Carly,
211
The Simpsons
(television program),
190
Singh, Subodh Kumar,
197
Single-sex schools,
62
Slavery,
111
Smile Pinki
(documentary film),
196–197
Smile Train,
14
,
197
,
202–206
,
210–211
,
231
Smith, Vernon,
241
SnapPayroll,
220
SnapTax,
220
Social acceptance of economic discrimination,
117
,
129–131
Socialization, in early childhood education,
94
Social norms
motivation for charitable giving and,
210
public policy and,
167–169
Social problems, applying scientific research to,
4–5
,
244
“Social” treatment,
232
Society, effect of women’s economic influence on,
56
,
57
South Africa, broad-based black economic empowerment and,
139
Southwest Airlines,
130–131
Spielberg, Steven,
105
SSR.
See
Shared Social Responsibility (SSR)
Standardized testing
monetary incentives to improve outcomes in,
79–85
racial achievement gap in,
79
,
83
Stevens-Johnson syndrome,
199
Stevenson, Robert Louis,
190
Stewart, John,
188–189
Student achievement
incentives for,
15
monetary incentives for,
72–79
,
87–90
student age and investment in interventions to improve,
89–90
Sutton, Chris,
156–158
Swift, Jonathan,
189
Syverson, Chad,
6
Talent recruiters, gender inequity and,
59–60
Tanzania, Masai tribe,
41–46
Taste for discrimination,
113–114
Tax write-offs, for charitable donations,
172
,
207
,
210
Teachers, monetary incentives for,
85–87
,
106
Technion,
38–40
programs aimed at reducing,
151–158
