The Why Axis: Hidden Motives and the Undiscovered Economics of Everyday Life (39 page)
Read The Why Axis: Hidden Motives and the Undiscovered Economics of Everyday Life Online
Authors: Uri Gneezy,John List
incentives for student achievement in,
72–79
monetary incentives for teachers in,
86–87
monetary incentives to improve standardized testing outcomes in,
79–85
monetary incentives to improve student performance in,
87–90
preschool intervention in,
92–104
Chicago Public Schools,
66–67
Culture of Calm in,
151–153
monetary incentives to improve standardized testing outcomes in,
79–85
programs to reduce gun violence in,
151–158
risk factors for teen gun violence in,
154–156
Youth Advocate Programs, Inc. in,
156–158
Chicago Transit Authority,
151
Childhood obesity,
158–162
Christie, Agatha,
190
Citadel (hedge fund),
75
Citizen and Law Enforcement Analysis and Reporting System (CLEAR),
149–150
Clinton, Bill,
104
Cole, Robert,
118
Columbia University,
113
Common (rapper),
153
Compact fluorescent lightbulbs,
166–168
Compensation schemes, gender differences in response to,
36–38
Competitiveness
evolution and lack of female,
33–34
field experiments on gender differences in,
36–40
,
41–46
,
51–53
role of culture in gender differences in,
13
,
40–46
,
53
Conference on Diversifying the Science & Engineering Workforce,
32
Consumers, economic discrimination and data collected on,
118–119
,
143–144
“Contingent” treatment,
232
Controlled field experiments,
4–5
Controls, experimental,
242
Cook, Peter,
190
Cook, Scott,
218–219
,
220
,
221
,
237
,
238
Correlation, causality
vs
.,
6–12
Cost, of Head Start,
92
Coughlin, Charles,
111
Craigslist,
36
“Cross-selling,”
209
Culture
gender gap in competitive preferences and,
13
,
40–46
,
53
gender gap in labor markets and,
34
The Daily Show with John Stewart
(television program),
188
Darwin, Charles,
33–34
da Vinci, Leonardo,
131
Day care pickup time, incentives and,
19–21
Dell,
234
Deloitte,
60
Design thinking,
219
Direct mail solicitations,
177
,
203–206
Direct mail surveys, increasing response rate to,
230–233
Disability, discrimination based on,
110
,
124–127
Discrimination,
10–12
animus-based (
see
Animus-based discrimination
)
based on disability,
110
,
124–127
based on gender,
109
,
110
,
115
,
116–117
,
120–122
based on sexual orientation,
110
,
131–135
Becker study of,
111–114
dress and,
120–123
economic-based (
see
Economic discrimination
)
economics of,
112–114
public policy and,
138–141
racial,
110
,
111
,
112
,
115–116
,
120–124
,
135–138
types of,
110
using field experiments to solve issue of,
5
in workplace,
108–109
Disney,
14
Donate Life,
164–165
Donor pyramid,
204
Door-to-door solicitations,
177
Dow Jones,
201
Drake University,
181
Dress, discrimination and,
120–123
Drop-out problem, in Chicago Heights,
69
,
70–72
Duncan, Arne,
151
Early childhood education
Griffin Early Childhood Center,
93–103
Head Start,
91–92
Parent Academy,
94–95
,
97
,
103–104
East Carolina University,
185
Economic discrimination,
11–12
,
116–120
combined with animus-based discrimination,
124–127
distinguishing from animus-based discrimination,
120–127
,
132–138
incentives for,
11–12
Internet and expansion of,
118–120
against obese people,
130–131
reducing,
141–144
social acceptance of,
117
,
129–131
Economics of discrimination,
112–114
The Economics of Discrimination
(Becker),
113–114
Education
gender bias and,
61–62
See also
Early childhood education
;
Public education
incentives to correct,
15
using field experiments to solve issue of,
5
Education production function,
67
Ego-identification, charitable giving and,
184
,
192–193
Einerson, Gary,
162–163
Einstein, Albert,
104
Electronic fingerprint,
118–120
Emotions, choices and,
80
Energy Independence and Security Act (2007),
167
Environmental economics,
173–174
European Union,
117
Evers, Medgar,
124
Evolution, lack of competitiveness among females and,
33–34
Exercise, incentives for,
28–31
Experiments
field (
see
Field experiments
)
laboratory,
241–242
Extrinsic incentives,
73
Farragut High School (Chicago),
152–153
FASAL service,
221
Fehr, Ernst,
206
Fenger High School (Chicago),
145
Feynman, Richard,
240
Field experiments,
4–5
challenges in,
98–102
designing,
241–244
on direct-mail solicitation,
14
,
203
,
204–206
distinguishing economic from animus-based discrimination,
120–127
,
132–138
on early childhood education,
93–104
on exercise incentives,
29–30
on gender and salary negotiable job postings,
35–38
,
58–59
on gender differences in competitiveness,
36–40
,
41–46
,
51–53
at Humana,
222–225
to improve public policy,
169–170
on incentives to improve student performance,
87–90
on increasing charitable giving,
177–180
,
181–187
,
191–192
on increasing organ donation,
164–165
on increasing response rate to direct mail surveys,
230–233
at Intuit,
218–221
on monetary incentives for student achievement,
72–79
on monetary incentives for teachers,
85–87
on monetary incentives to improve standardized testing outcomes,
79–85
on pay-what-you-want pricing strategy,
227–230
on pricing wine,
225–227
randomization and,
242
on reducing childhood obesity,
161–162
on reducing teen gun violence,
151–153
,
156–158
on using framing to increase productivity,
234–236
Focus groups,
218
Ford, Henry,
111
Fox & Friends
(television program),
123
to increase productivity,
233–236
Frank, Barney,
199
Friends
(television program),
24
Fryer, Roland,
92
Fundraising
beauty effect,
185–187
common assumptions,
175–177
direct-mail solicitations,
177
,
203–206
door-to-door,
177
