The United Nations Security Council and War:The Evolution of Thought and Practice since 1945 (171 page)

⁵²
UN doc. A/60/263 of 17 Aug. 2005, 21.

⁵³
Juan Carlos Zarate, ‘The Emergence of a New Dog of War: Private International Security Companies, International Law, and the New World Disorder’,
Stanford Journal of International Law
34 (1998), 161.

⁵⁴
Christopher Coker, ‘Outsourcing War’,
Cambridge Review of International Affairs
XIII, no. 1 (1999), 108; David Shearer, ‘Outsourcing War’,
Foreign Policy
(1998), 90.

⁵⁵
Herbert M. Howe, ‘Private Security Forces and African Stability: The Case of Executive Outcomes’,
Journal of Modern African Studies
36, no. 2 (1998), 309; William Reno, ‘Internal Wars, Private Enterprise and the Shift in Strong State-Weak State Relations’,
International Politics
37, no.1 (2000), 68.

⁵⁶
Brian Urquhart, ‘For a UN Volunteer Military Force’,
New York Review of Books
, 10 June 1993.

⁵⁷
Interview with David Harland, 10 July 2003.

⁵⁸
Interview with Michael Moller, 31 July 2003.

⁵⁹
The exception here is the use of PSCs to guard humanitarian aid or UN personnel, which occurs without much comment. The distinction here is the combat/non-combat distinction outlined above; forces which do not fight are deemed to be more palatable than those which do.

⁶⁰
Shearer, ‘Outsourcing’, 68.

⁶¹
Transcript of a press conference with Secretary-General Kofi Annan, 12 July 1997, available at
www.un.org/News/Press/docs/1997/19970612.sgsm6255.html

⁶²
Text of thirty-fifth annual Ditchley Foundation Lecture, given by Secretary-General Kofi Annan, 26 June 1998. United Nations Press Release SG/SM/6613, available at
www.un.org/News/Press/docs/1998/19980626.sgsm6613.html

⁶³
Cranfield University Study, submitted as a memorandum to the House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee. Quoted in House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee,
Private Military Companies
(London: The Stationery Office Ltd, 2001–2), 26.

¹
GA Res. 377(V) of 3 Nov. 1950.