“My father and Miss Bergstrom are trying to get more details by telegraph. My sister sent me to fetch you in case you want to join them.”
“I’ll mind Abigail,” said Anneke, kissing the little girl’s cheek until she squealed in delight. “You go.”
Dorothea nodded, snatched off her apron, and tossed it on the kitchen table in passing on her way upstairs for her wraps. In a few minutes she was bundled up and tucked beneath a pile of quilts in the cutter beside Mary’s brother. Anneke and Abigail waved from the window as they sped off, the horse’s harness bells jingling merrily as the cutterʹs runners swiftly glided over the snow.
Dorothea plied Mary’s brother with questions, but he had already told her all he knew, so she was obliged to wait and wonder and silently urge the horse to hurry. It seemed hours until they pulled up to Schultz’s Printers, where Dorothea breathlessly thanked the young man, scrambled out from beneath the quilts, and hurried inside. There, in the warmth of the print shop, she found Mary, Mr. Schultz, and Gerda poring over a newspaper spread upon the counter. They glanced up as she unwound her scarf and tugged off her mittens. “What news?” she asked breathlessly. “Do you have word of my brother?”
“Nothing that mentions him by name,” said Mr. Schultz. “We’ve heard that of the one hundred nine men who escaped, at least twenty have been recaptured, and several drowned in the James River attempting to leave the city.”
“Jonathan would not be among them,” Gerda hastened to reassure her.
“No, of course not,” said Dorothea. Jonathan must have told Gerda he could not swim, and perhaps he had also confided that he had feared the water since that childhood day he and Dorothea had taken the rowboat upon the floodwaters not long after Elm Creek had shifted its banks and drowned Thrift Farm. Just as they had spied the foundation of their former home through the cloudy waters, the swift current had overturned their boat. Swept downstream, they had clung desperately to the boat until it caught upon a partially submerged log, which they had used to drag themselves to shore. From that day forward, Jonathan had dreaded the water and would wade in the creek only up to his ankles. Dorothea was certain Jonathan would have submitted to recapture before he would have attempted to escape Richmond by swimming across a river.
“The telegraph clerk promised to bring us news if any news comes,” said Mary, and she offered to make them coffee while they waited. They passed the afternoon drinking coffee, discussing newspaper business and the news of the war, and jumping every time the door opened. Only once did a boy from the telegraph clerk’s office burst in and declare that the
Richmond Examiner
reported that nearly fifty escaped prisoners had been recaptured in the countryside between the city and the Union lines. Those retaken included prominent officers Colonel Ely of the 18th Connecticut and Colonel Thomas E. Rose of the 77th Pennsylvania. Impatient, Gerda queried the boy about whether he had any news of any escaped Union surgeons but had forgotten to mention it, but the boy indignantly straightened to his fullest height and assured her that he never forgot a word of a message. Frustrated, Gerda waved him off and settled in a chair, resting her chin in her hands and staring off into space gloomily.
Eventually they ran out of speculation and fell silent except to occasionally note the easing of the snowstorm outside. Mary and Mr. Schultz had resumed their work, and Gerda had picked up a pencil and paper and was writing furiously. Dorothea watched the snow falling outside and thought of her brother. He would not have braved the James River, and the longer Dorothea pondered the escape, the more she wondered whether Jonathan would have run at all, or whether he would have remained behind to care for the ailing prisoners. Had he not stayed at the Lutheran Seminary to protect the wounded rather than evacuating when he had the chance? That decision had led to his capture, so perhaps later, when faced with another opportunity to flee, he would have chosen differently. But if he believed duty compelled him to remain with his patients, he would not have escaped even if the front door to the prison had been left unlocked and unguarded.
The afternoon light began to wane, and still there was no news. Reluctantly, Dorothea asked the Schultzes if Mary’s younger brother could take her home. “It’s just as well Charlotte didn’t join us,” she said, pulling on her wraps as Mary left to summon her brother. Gerda made no reply, and Dorothea knew at once that no one had sent word to Charlotte. “Oh, Gerda, honestly.”
“I truly didn’t think of her,” said Gerda. “You said yourself it’s just as well.”
“That she didn’t come into town only to wait and learn so little,” Dorothea replied sharply. “She has the right to know.”
“She wouldn’t want to hear it from me,” Gerda pointed out. “I see her face when I read Miss Van Lew’s letters. Besides, as you’ve said, there’s little to tell.”
Dorothea studied her friend and decided that Gerda was telling the truth: She had indeed not thought of Charlotte. It was impulse and thoughtlessness, not spite, that had compelled her to send Mary’s brother to Jonathan’s sister rather than his wife. That distinction would matter very little to Charlotte.
Mary returned then and said that her brother was waiting outside in the cutter. Dorothea asked if it would be all right if they stopped at the Granger farm first so she could give
The New York Times
article to Charlotte. Mary assured her that would be fine, and so they set out.
February passed with no word from or about Jonathan. As time went by, Dorothea concluded that if Jonathan had been among the escapees or the deceased, they would have heard something. March brought melting snows and gusty winds, longer days and the return of songbirds, thoughts of spring planting, and at long last, a letter from Miss Van Lew, battered and creased as if it had been smuggled out of Richmond.
February 20, 1864
My Dear Miss Bergstrom,
Such extraordinary events have occurred at Libby Prison that I am confident the story of the grand escape has already appeared in Yankee newspapers; however, since news does travel slowly in times of war, I must assume that you are as yet unaware of the daring escape more than one hundred Union officers made not two weeks ago. Lest I give you false hope, I hasten to add that the good Dr. Granger was not among those who fled. Whether he was unaware of the plan or was unwilling to leave the patients in his care, he will not say, but he remains devoted to his men and is himself as well as one could expect, given his circumstances.
I have enclosed two newspaper articles, one from the
Examiner
and a second from the
Enquirer
, which will give you as accurate a description of the escape as I could offer. To help your understanding of their descriptions, I should explain that the prison takes up an entire block, with Carey Street and the city to the north and the James River to the south. The basement is exposed on the river side, and whitewashed so that any prisoners passing in front of it would stand out in stark relief. The eastern section of the basement contains an abandoned kitchen that was once used by the prisoners, but was closed off long ago due to persistent flooding and an infestation of rats. The stairway to this area, appropriately dubbed “Rat Hell,” was boarded up, but a group of prisoners contrived to move a stove and dig their way into an adjoining chimney to gain admittance to the eastern basement. From there they dug a tunnel three feet in diameter and fifty feet long, working over a span of seventeen days with no tools save a stolen chisel and a few wooden cuspidors. This I have heard from the men; the newspaper reports will give you the particulars.
There are, however, significant aspects of the escape omitted from these reports. The first will amuse you. It was rumored that the tunnel led not from the dank, rat-infested basement of the prison to a tobacco shed at the rear of an adjacent warehouse, but to my own home! Imagine if you will one hundred nine starving, exhausted prisoners tunneling six additional blocks just so they might enjoy the hospitality of my front parlor. I pride myself on being a gracious hostess but I do not flatter myself that I am worth that effort.
The second factor of note is the effect the grand escape has had on the prison and on the city of Richmond. One must not evaluate the success of the breakout solely upon the number of men who managed to reach Union lines. No one here believed escape from Libby Prison was even remotely possible. The Confederate capital was greatly upset by the failure of its prison to retain its prisoners, and their confidence has been strongly shaken. Compare this to the immense satisfaction and soaring morale of the prisoners who remained behind! It was they who replaced the stones to disguise the opening to the tunnel that had led their comrades to freedom; it was they who slipped in and out of the counting lines at roll call the next morning to confound the guards, whose counts kept coming up short by variable amounts. All of this kept the escape secret until the last possible moment, so that more than twelve hours passed before the Confederates realized that a mass jailbreak had indeed occurred. Those precious hours made the difference for the men who remained free, I am certain.
Oh, the frenzy that erupted when at last the truth came out! Unaware of the tunnel, Major Turner assumed the sentinels on watch that night had been bribed—a misapprehension the remaining prisoners encouraged with false reports—and placed them under arrest. Messages and dispatches fairly flew from the prison, and cavalry and infantry alike were sent in hot pursuit, scouring the city for fugitive Yankees. One officer was spotted within the city by a newsboy, whose shouts alerted Rebels to immediately apprehend the poor man. Another fugitive was captured crossing a field outside the city by a hoe-wielding slave whose misguided loyalty compelled him to march the unfortunate man to his master’s farmhouse, where a Confederate patrol soon collected him. These men were given heroesʹ welcomes by their fellow inmates upon their return to the prison, which I can only hope lessened their disappointment somewhat. Interestingly, the recaptured officers report that they were treated courteously by civilians and Rebels alike in Richmond and its outskirts; it was only upon returning to prison that the ill treatment resumed.
Of course our newspapers do not report on escapees who reached the Union lines safely, so if you have any news of them, I would be grateful for it. I know it will hearten the prisoners left behind to learn that their friends have thwarted Major Turner and his guards and, after regaining their health, may once again rejoin their regiments and fight the rebellion with a new sense of urgency.
Until then I remain your faithful correspondent in Richmond,
Miss Elizabeth Van Lew
P.S.: I believe my mail is being opened and read by Confederate agents. If, in the future, you write me any letters that contain incriminating information, rather than sending them to my home, please send them to me in care of the friend whose name and address appear below. I will have my servants retrieve them from her.
Silence greeted the end of the letter, broken only by Gerda’s sigh as she folded it and passed it to Dorothea, knowing her friend would want to study it thoroughly. “It’s a relief to know Jonathan is well,” said Dorothea, setting the letter aside for later. “I don’t believe he attempted to escape.”
“Nor do I,” said Gerda. “He always does put duty first, thinking of others’ needs before his own.”
“That is how you see him. That is how you’ve always seen him,” said Charlotte scathingly. “There is so much that you don’t know about what he needs, about what makes him truly happy.”
Dorothea watched in dismay as Charlotte began gathering up her sewing. “Charlotte, dear—”
“No. Please.” Charlotte shook her head and continued packing her sewing basket. “I can’t bear another word.”
Charlotte swept from the gallery, the sound of her footfalls fading as she descended the stairs to the front foyer. Within moments, Mrs. Claverton murmured an apology, collected her things, and hurried after her daughter. Watching them go, Dorothea’s heart sank and she could not help wondering whether their circle had been irreparably broken. It had endured hardship and loss, scandal and betrayal, but it could not withstand the theft of a husband’s affection.
Charlotte and her mother skipped the next meeting, but Mrs. Claverton returned the next week, and Charlotte too rejoined their circle the week after that, although she resolutely ignored Gerda and snubbed her awkward attempts to make peace. Dorothea understood that Charlotte’s need for news and companionship transcended her dislike of Gerda, and privately she asked Gerda to be more mindful of Charlotte’s feelings.
“What shall I do?” asked Gerda. “Stop reading Miss Van Lew’s letters? Stop reading Jonathan’s?”
Jonathan was permitted only one letter a week, and of these perhaps one out of ten went to Gerda. The pain and humiliation inflicted upon Charlotte when Gerda read aloud Jonathan’s letters overwhelmed any reassuring benefit his words might have offered. “Don’t read Jonathan’s letters to the circle anymore,” Dorothea said. “Each one sent to you is one not sent to Charlotte. Don’t you understand how that makes her feel?”
The set of Gerda’s jaw told Dorothea that she wished everyone would give more thought to how
she
felt, but she agreed to do as Dorothea asked.
As spring warmed the Elm Creek Valley, a fragile harmony settled over the circle, but Dorothea knew one discordant note could spoil it again. Fair weather heralded the resumption of heavy fighting even as it called laborers to the fields and women to their kitchen gardens. Before the hard work of summer began in earnest, Dorothea was determined to finish a quilt for Thomas, to replace the one he had given away. At first she had thought to make another Dove in the Window quilt identical to the first, but then one of the Loyal Union Sampler blocks caught her fancy. It was Farm in the Valley, a simple but lovely pattern, and it had seemed an inspired choice for Thomas’s new quilt after she reread one of his letters, her favorite of the many he had sent her.