James Creelman Papers, Rare Books and Manuscript Library, University of Ohio; hereafter cited as Creelman Papers.
Richard Harding Davis Papers, Clifton Waller Barrett Library, University of Virginia.
William Randolph Hearst Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
George and Phoebe Apperson Hearst Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Orrin M. Peck Papers, H. E. Huntington Library.
Sylvester Scovel Papers, Missouri Historical Society.
W.A. Swanberg Papers, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University.
Charles S. Wheeler Papers, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
The principal texts relied on:
Abbot, Willis J.
Watching the World Go By.
Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1934.
Allen, Robert Clyde.
Horrible Prettiness: Burlesque and American Culture.
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991.
Armstrong, William M.
E.L. Godkin: A Biography.
Albany: State University of New York Press, 1978.
Baldasty, Gerald J.
The Commercialization of News in the Nineteenth Century.
Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992.
Berryman, John.
Stephen Crane: A Critical Biography
rev. ed. New York: Cooper Square Press, 2001.
Brands, H.W.
Bound to Empire: The United States and the Philippines.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
———.
The Reckless Decade: America in the 1890s.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.
———.
T.R. The Last Romantic.
New York: Basic Books, 1997.
Brian, Denis.
Pulitzer: A Life.
New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2001.
Brown, Charles H.
The Correspondents’ War: Journalists in the Spanish-American War.
New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1967.
Burrows, Edwin G. and Mike Wallace.
Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Calhoun, Charles William.
The Gilded Age: Perspectives on the Origins of Moder America.
Plymouth: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007.
Campbell, W. Joseph.
Yellow Journalism: Puncturing the Myths, Defining the Legacies.
Westport: Praeger Publishers, 2003.
———.
The Year That Defined American Journalism: 1897 and the Clash of Paradigms.
New York: Routledge, 2006.
Carlson, Oliver.
Brisbane: A Candid Biography.
New York: Stackpole Sons, 1937.
———and Ernest Sutherland Bates.
Hearst: Lord of San Simeon.
New York: Viking Press, 1936.
Cashman, Sean Dennis.
American in the Gilded Age: From the Death of Lincoln to the Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
3d ed. New York: New York University Press, 1993.
Chadwick, French Ensor.
The Relations of the United States and Spain: Diplomacy.
New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1909.
Churchill, Allen.
Park Row.
New York: Rinehart & Co. Inc., 1958.
———.
The Great White Way.
New York: E. P. Dutton Cp. Inc., 1962.
Coblentz, Edward. D.
William Randolph Hearst: A Portrait in His Own Words.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1952.
Crane, Stephen.
Active Service.
London: Heinemann, 1899.
Creelman, James.
On the Great Highway.
Boston: Lothrop Publishing Co., 1901.
Crockett, Albert Stevens.
When James Gordon Bennett was Caliph of Baghdad.
New York: Funk and Wagnalls Co., 1926.
Croly, Herbert.
Marcus Alonzo Hanna: His Life and Work.
New York: MacMillan Co., 1912.
Dallek, Robert.
1898: McKinley’s Decision, The United States Declares War on Spain.
New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1969.
Dana, Charles A.
The Art of Newspaper Making.
New York: Arno Press, 1970.
Davis, Charles Belmont, ed.
Adventures and Letters of Richard Harding Davis.
New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1917.
Davis, Linda H.
Badge of Courage: The Life of Stephen Crane.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998.
Davis, Richard Harding.
Cuba in War Time.
New York: R.H. Russell, 1897.
Dicken-Garcia, Hazel.
Journalistic Standards in Nineteenth-Century America.
Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989.
Dreiser, Theodore.
Newspaper Days: An Autobiography.
Edited by T.D. Nostwich. Santa Rosa: Black Sparrow Press, 2000.
Dunlop, M. H.
Gilded City: Scandal and Sensation in Turn-of-the-Century New York.
New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 2000.
Ellis, Edward Robb.
The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History.
New York: Kondansha International, 1966.
Flint, Grover.
Marching with Gomez: A War Correspondent’s Field Note-Book Kept During Four Months with the Cuban Army.
Boston: Lamson, Wolffe and Co., 1898.
Gandal, Keith.
The Virtues of the Vicious: Jacob Riis, Stephen Crane, and the Spectacle of the Slum.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Glad, Paul W.
McKinley, Bryan, and the People.
New York: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1964.
Goddard, Morrill.
What Interests People and Why.
New York: Published Privately, 1935.
Gould, Lewis L.
The Spanish-American War and President McKinley.
Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1982.
Harvey, Robert C.
Children of the Yellow Kid: The Evolution of the American Comic Strip.
Seattle: Frye Art Museum, University of Washington Press, 1998.
Hawthorne, Edith Garrigues, ed.
The Memoirs of Julian Hawthorne.
New York: MacMillan Co., 1938.
Hearst, William Randolph.
Selections from the Writings and Speeches of William Randolph Hearst.
Edited by E.F. Tompkins. San Francisco: published privately, 1948.
Hemment, John C.
Cannon and Camera: Sea and Land Battles of the Spanish-American War in Cuba, Camp Life, and the Return of the Soldiers.
New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1898.
Huot, Leland and Alfred Powers.
Homer Davenport of Silverton.
Bingen: West Shore Press, 1973.
Ireland, Alleyne.
Joseph Pulitzer: Reminiscences of a Secretary.
New York: Mitchell Kennerley, 1914
Jones, Stanley L. The
Presidential Election of 1896.
Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1964.
Juergens, George.
Joseph Pulitzer and the New York World.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966.
Kaplan, Richard L.
Politics and the American Press: The Rise of Objectivity, 1865-1920.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Kazin, Michael.
A Godly Hero: The Life of William Jennings Bryan.
New York: Anchor Books, 2007.
Kluger, Richard.
The Paper.
New York: Vintage Books, 1989.
Kobre, Sidney.
Development of American Journalism.
Dubuque: Wm. C. Brown Co. Publishers, 1969.
———.
The Yellow Press and Gilded Age Journalism.
Tallahassee: Florida State University, 1964.
Lee, James Melvin
. History of American Journalism.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1917.
Leech, Margaret.
In the Day of McKinley.
New York: Harper & Brothers, 1959.
Linderman, Gerald F.
The Mirror of War: American Society and the Spanish-American War.
Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1974.
Littlefield III, Roy Everett.
William Randolph Hearst: His Role in American Progressivism.
Lanham: University Press of America, 1980.
Lubow, Arthur.
The Reporter Who Would be King: A Biography of Richard Harding Davis.
New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1992.
Lundberg, Ferdinand.
Imperial Hearst: A Social Biography.
New York: Equinox Cooperative Press, 1936.
McDougall, Walter A.
Promised Land, Crusader State: The American Encounter With the World Since 1776.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1997.
McGerr, Michael E.
The Decline of Popular Politics: the American North, 1865-1928.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
Millis, Walter.
The Martial Spirit.
Chicago: Ivan R. Dee Inc., 1989.
Miraldi, Robert.
The Pen is Mightier: The Muckraking Life of Charles Edward Russell.
New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
Milton, Joyce.
The Yellow Kids: Foreign Correspondents in the Heyday of Yellow Journalism.
New York: Harper & Row, 1989.
Morgan, H. Wayne.
America’s Road to Empire: The War with Spain and Overseas Expansion.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965.
———.
William McKinley and His America.
Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1963.
Morris, Edmund.
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt.
New York: Ballantine Books, 1979.
Morris, Lloyd.
Postscripts to Yesterday.
New York: Random House, 1947.
Mott, Frank Luther.
American Journalism, A History of Newspapers in the United States Through 260 Years: 1690 to 1950.
Rev. ed. New York: Macmillan Co., 1950.
Mugridge, Ian.
The View from Xanadu: William Randolph Hearst and United States Foreign Policy.
Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1995.
Murat, Halstead.
The Story of Cuba: Her Struggles for Liberty; the Causes, Crisis and Destiny of the Pearl of the Antilles.
Chicago: Cuba Libre, 1896.
Musicant, Ivan.
Empire By Default: The Spanish-American War and the Dawn of the American Century.
New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1998.
Nasaw, David.
The Chief: The Life of William Randolph Hearst.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2000.
Nevins, Allan and Frank Weitenkampf.
A Century of Political Cartoons: Caricature in the United States from 1800 to 1900.
New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1944.
O’Connor, Richard.
The Scandalous Mr. Bennett.
Garden City: Doubleday & Co. Inc., 1962.
Offner, John L.
An Unwanted War: The Diplomacy of the United States and Spain over Cuba, 1895-1898.
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.
Older, Mr. and Mrs. Freemont.
George Hearst: California Pioneer.
Los Angeles: Westernlore, 1966
Paine, Ralph D.
Roads of Adventure.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1922.
Phillips, Kevin.
William McKinley.
New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2003.
Power, Samantha.
A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide
. New York: Harper Perennial, 2003.
Procter, Ben.
William Randolph Hearst: The Early Years, 1863-1910.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.