The Train to Crystal City: FDR's Secret Prisoner Exchange (53 page)

Eiserloh family’s appeals to,
63
,
79
,
72
,
73
,
74
,
77
–78

Eleanor Roosevelt’s support for immigrants and,
31
–32,
33

Harrison as INS commissioner and,
47
,
48
,
52
–54

immigration issues and,
176

on Japanese American internees,
151
–52,
177
,
322

Nuremberg tribunal and,
322

Pearl Harbor attack and,
30
–31

Roosevelt’s internment policies and,
32
–33,
152
,
322

Black, Hugo,
322

Black Tom incident, Jersey City, New Jersey (1916),
24
–25

Border Patrol,
41
,
55
,
56
,
57
,
91
,
104
,
118
,
187
,
234
,
297
,
307

Boy Scouts,
141
,
156
,
164
,
169
–70

Bradley, Omar,
264

Breitman, Richard,
229
–30,
354

Brueckner, Hans J.,
235

Buchenwald concentration camp, Germany,
264
–65,
268

Buck, Pearl,
34
,
51

Buckingham, E. J.,
36

Bund (German American Bund),
69
,
96
,
97
–99,
100
,
113
–14,
298
,
300
,
323

Butter, Charles,
330

Camp Amache, Colorado, internment cap,
143

Camp Jeanne d’Arc displaced-persons camp, Philippeville, Algeria,
211
,
223
–26,
229
,
232
,
266
,
271
,
274
,
284
–85,
289

Camp McCoy prisoner-of-war camp, Wisconsin,
77
–78

Carroll, J. T.,
79
,
80

Carusi, Ugo,
30
,
177
,
299

Cermak, Anton,
25

Chinese immigrants,
12
,
50
,
176

Chinese Exclusion Act,
176

Churchill, Winston,
214
,
323

citizenship

children of immigrants with,
7
,
12
,
76
,
96
,
101
,
111
,
137
–38,
145
,
184
,
198
,
227
,
234
,
241
,
251
,
273
,
279
,
289
,
293
,
305

denial of, due to internment,
324

deportation of individuals with,
301

former Crystal City internees’ later attainment of,
319
,
324
,
327

immigrants excluded from,
13
,
32
,
50
,
140

internment of Americans with,
xvii
,
24
,
33
,
137
–38,
145
,
234
,
241
,
299
–300,
310
–11

Mathias Eiserloh’s applications for,
70
–71,
72
,
80
,
215

repatriation of Americans with,
184

revocation of,
100
,
299
–300

Civil Liberties Act (1988),
320
,
325

Clark, Tom,
299
,
301
,
303
,
322
–23

Clinton, Bill,
320

Collaer, Christine,
56

Collaer, Nick,
55
,
56
,
240

Collins, Wayne,
305
,
307
,
309

Connally, Tom,
31

Cooley, Thomas N.,
301

Crystal City Chatter
newsletter,
316

Crystal City Internment Camp, Texas

American-born children in,
137
–38,
151
,
169
,
170
,
295
,
296
,
298

background of,
xv
–xvi

births at,
178
,
233

Café Vaterland beer garden in,
107

camp tokens for purchases in,
108

closure of,
307
,
310

daily life in,
105
,
236
–37,
241
–42,
244
,
306

deaths in,
233
,
317

dossiers kept on internees in,
105

drowning in,
178
–80,
233
,
317

employees of,
104
,
108
,
118
,
241
–42

as family camp,
xv
–xvi,
297

fiftieth anniversary reunion at,
316
–18

film about,
240
–43

funerals at,
179
–80

Geneva Convention on treatment of internees in,
107
–08

German section in.
See
German internees

granite monument at,
316
,
317

health of internees in,
91
,
121
,
178

heat at,
177
,
178
,
237

hospital in,
91
,
167
–68

information about World War II in,
233
,
244
–45

internee changes after end of World War II and,
246
–47

internment policies and questions of citizenship and,
311

Japanese section in.
See
Japanese internees

junior-senior prom at,
171
–74

later contacts among former internees of,
290
,
291
,
292
–93

length of internment at,
xvi

limits on internee mail sent from,
105
,
175

map of,
xii
–xiii

mess hall in,
108
,
128
,
306

mix of nationalities in,
297

monitoring and censorship of mail received at,
105
,
174
–76

number of internees in,
164
,
310
–11

oaths signed before leaving,
187

O’Rourke’s report on,
295
–97,
311

Popeye statue in,
41
–42,
90
,
131
,
249

postwar deportation from,
298
–301

postwar reduction in internees at,
295

prisoners of war in,
38
,
88
,
96
,
134
,
169

psychological impact of confinement in,
104
–05,
109
,
137
,
297
,
313
,
316

reunion of friends from,
315
–16,
318

roll calls in,
105
,
296

Roosevelt’s death and,
234
–35

school system at,
134
–35,
163
,
233
,
296
,
299
.
See also
Federal School; German School; Japanese School

self-rule elections of spokesmen in,
94
–95

Spain and Switzerland as protecting powers in,
44
,
93
,
154
–55,
169
,
171
,
299

sports at,
237
–38

stores in,
108
–09,
118
–19,
186

swimming pool in,
105
–06,
166
,
178

teachers in schools in,
112
,
134
–35

visitors to internees at,
105
,
151
,
243
,
298

voluntary internment of family members in,
84
,
87
,
184

volunteers for 442nd Combat Team from,
151
–52

Dachau concentration camp, Germany,
243

Daniels, Josephus,
24

Das Lager
camp newsletter,
114
,
115
,
116

Dassel, Marguerite,
75

Day, Robert,
21

Delgado, Miguel,
317

deportation

alien registration laws and,
48
,
49

of Crystal City internees,
299
–301,
310

of enemy aliens from Latin American countries,
29
,
39
,
96
,
246
,
320

fear of, among Crystal City internees,
57
,
298

of Fuhr family,
307
–08

of Fukuda family,
303
–04

of Japanese Peruvians,
305
–06,
309

of Kuhn,
298
,
323

lawsuits on constitutionality of,
298
,
303
,
307
,
309

release of detainees on Ellis Island held for,
307
–08

See also
repatriation

Dewey, Thomas E.,
99

DeWitt, General John,
23
–24,
162

Dickstein, Samuel,
26

Dies, Martin,
42

Dyo, Ken,
169
,
170

Dyo, Sei,
169
–70

Dyo, Tsutomu,
169

Eisenhower, Dwight,
264
,
271
–73,
278
,
279
,
319

Eiserloh, Ensi

American citizenship of,
7
,
111
,
184

daily life in Crystal City and,
105
–06,
108
,
109

early life in Ohio of,
6
,
8
,
63
,
66
,
70
,
75

father’s internment and,
81

Idstein, Germany, stay of,
220
,
278
,
280
,
283

life with Aunt Klara in Cleveland and,
79

postwar return to United States by,
325
,
326
,
327
,
338

repatriation (exchange) to Germany by,
184
,
188
,
190
,
191
,
192
,
194
,
195
–96,
213
,
217
–19

reunion with father,
89
–90

train trip to Crystal City by,
83
,
84
,
85

Eiserloh, Guenther

birth of,
187
–89,
233

Idstein, Germany, stay of,
220
,
279
,
280

postwar return to United States by,
325
,
326
,
337

repatriation (exchange) to Germany by,
190
,
192
,
193
,
195
–96,
213
,
215
,
216
,
217
,
218

Eiserloh, Ingrid Goldie

American citizenship of,
7
,
111
,
184
,
198
,
273

arrival at Crystal City by,
90
–91

assault on mother and,
66
–68

boys’ anti-German attack on,
5
–6,
75

daily life in Crystal City and,
xix
,
107
,
108
,
109
,
183
–84

early life in Ohio of,
xix
,
3
–4,
61
–64,
69
,
71
,
112
–13,
190

father’s internment and,
81

father’s relationship with,
87
,
190
–91,
215
–16

FBI’s investigation of,
73
–74

German heritage of,
112
–13

Idstein, Germany, stay of,
219
–22,
273
,
274
,
277
,
278
,
279
–83,
289

Kuhn and,
101
,
103

on life at Crystal City,
95
,
104
,
105
,
328
–29

life with Aunt Klara in Cleveland and,
67
,
68
,
79

reaction to father’s detention by,
8
–9,
61
,
79

repatriation (exchange) to Germany by,
111
,
183
–96,
198
,
213
–19,
227
–28,
329

return to United States by,
283
,
325
–26,
327
,
338
–29

reunion with father,
89
–90,
183
–84

school and,
111
–13,
325
–26

swimming pool construction and,
105
–06

train trip to Crystal City by,
83
–87

Eiserloh, Johanna

appeals about husband’s status from,
63
,
78
,
79
,
84

assault on,
66
–68

background of,
5

birth of son Guenther,
187
–89

daily life in Crystal City and,
84
,
105
,
107
,
109

decision to join husband at Crystal City,
84
,
88

decision to repatriate to Germany,
88
,
111
–12