The Temptation of Elizabeth Tudor (47 page)

35. Catherine Parr to Thomas Seymour (S. Haynes, p. 62).

36. Catherine’s prayer book (Parr, p. 619).

PART 3: THE SCANDAL UNVEILED

Chapter 13: He That Hath Friends

1.  Seymour to Dorset, 17 September 1548 (S. Haynes, p. 77).

2.  Dent (p. 174) contains a contemporary account of the funeral.

3.  Confession of the Lady Elizabeth (S. Haynes, p. 102).

4.  Answers of Katherine Ashley, 2 February 1549 (Elizabeth,
Complete Works
, p. 25).

5.  Confession of William Wightman, No. 2 (S. Haynes, p. 68).

6.  Depositions of Sir William Sharington, January 1549 (SP 10/6/35).

7.  BL Sloane MS 1523 f. 32. Sir William Fitzwilliam was able to make such a boast. On his ships, ‘there was not a serviceable man belonging to him but he knew by name’.

8.  Confession of William Wightman (S. Haynes, pp. 68–70).

9.  Ibid.

10. Throckmorton, p. 19.

11. Seymour to Dorset, 17 September 1548 (S. Haynes, p. 77).

12. HMC
Salisbury
, Vol. I, p. 221.

13. Frances Dorset to the Lord Admiral, 19 September 1548 (S. Haynes, p. 79).

14. Dorset’s Confession, No. 5 (ibid., p. 77).

15. Seymour to Dorset, 17 September 1548 (ibid., p. 78).

16. Confession of William Wightman (ibid., p. 72).

17. Deposition of William Parr, Marquess of Northampton (SP 10/6/39).

18. Ibid.

19. Ibid.

20. Sir Robert Tyrwhitt’s Confession (S. Haynes, p. 104). Seymour told Sir Robert that he had said this to Somerset at dinner shortly afterwards.

21. Confession of the Earl of Rutland (ibid., p. 82).

22. Deposition of Richard Cotton (SP 10/6/23). Cotton’s evidence came from his maid, who was a sister of Pigot, one of the Lord Admiral’s servants. This Pigot had a number of well-connected siblings and seems to have been something of a gossip.

23. William Wightman’s Confession (S. Haynes, p. 72).

24. Sir Robert Tyrwhitt’s Confession (ibid., p. 104).

25. Ibid.

26. Dorset’s Examination (Tytler, p. 140).

27. Ascham,
The Schoolmaster
, pp. 35–6.

28. Dorset’s Confession, No. 4 (S. Haynes, p. 76).

29. Harington to the Lords of the Council, 3 February 1549 (ibid., p. 93).

30. Examination of Harington (ibid., p. 94).

31. Lady Jane Grey to Thomas Seymour, 1 October 1548 (Tytler, p. 133).

32. Lady Frances Dorset to Thomas Seymour, 2 October 1548 (ibid., p. 134).

33. The Marquess of Dorset’s Examination (ibid., p. 179).

34. Depositions of Sir William Sharington (SP 10/6/35).

35. Dorset’s Confession, No. 5 (S. Haynes, p. 77).

36. Enis, p. 68.

37. Depositions of Sir William Sharington (SP 10/6/35).

38. Examination of Sir William Sharington, 11 February 1549 (S. Haynes, p. 105).

Chapter 14: Beware Whom You Trust

1.  Deposition of Richard Cotton (SP 10/6/23).

2.  Wightman’s Confession (S. Haynes, p. 72).

3.  Wriothesley, Vol. II, p. 5.

4.  Ibid.

5.  Ibid.

6.  Ibid.

7.  Colvin, Vol. II, p. 149.

8.  Bramley, p. 163.

9.  Rowe and Williamson, Chapter 8.

10. Katherine Ashley’s Confession (S. Haynes, p. 100).

11. Sharington’s Answers (ibid., p. 64).

12. Sharington’s Confession (ibid., p. 90).

13. Sharington’s Answers (ibid, p. 64).

14. Ibid., p. 65.

15. Draft Articles Against Thomas Seymour, No. 22 (BL Harley MS 249).

16. Parry’s Communication with the Lord Admiral (S. Haynes, p. 97).

17. Ascham to Edward Raven, 20 January 1551 (Ascham,
Whole Works
, Vol. I, Part 2, p. 244).

18. Sir Robert Tyrwhitt to the Protector, 28 January 1549 (S. Haynes, p. 89).

19. Ascham to Lady Jane Grey, 18 January 1551 (Ascham,
Letters
, p. 147).

20. Ascham to Sturm, 4 April 1550 (Ascham,
Whole Works
, Vol. I, Part 1, p. lxlv).

21. Ibid.

22. Ibid.

23. Ascham to Sir John Cheke, 11 November 1550 (Ascham,
Whole Works
, Vol. I, Part 2, p. 216) and Ascham to Cecil, 8 June 1567 (ibid., Vol. II, pp. 149–51).

24. Vives, p. 157.

25. Katherine Ashley’s Answers, 2 February 1549 (Elizabeth,
Collected Works
, p. 26).

26. Katherine Ashley’s Confession (S. Haynes, p. 100).

27. Vives, p. 126.

28. Ibid., p. 140.

29. Confession of Thomas Parry (S. Haynes, p. 96).

30. Sir Robert Tyrwhitt to the Lord Protector, 22 January 1549 (ibid., p. 70).

31. 
History of Parliament
, for Thomas Parry.

32. Deposition of William Parr, Marquess of Northampton (SP 10/6/39).

33. Ibid.

34. Confession of the Earl of Rutland (S. Haynes, p. 82).

35. Depositions of Sir William Sharington (SP 10/6/35).

36. 
History of Parliament
, for William Smethwick.

37. 
Journal of the House of Lords
, Vol. I, 24 November 1548.

38. Edward VI (
Diary
), p. 28. For a discussion of the debate, see Pollard, pp. 98–100. A transcript can be found in Appendix V of Gasquet and Bishop.

39. Gasquet and Bishop, p. 397.

Chapter 15: London News

1.  Drawing of Parry by Hans Holbein (Royal Collection).

2.  
History of Parliament
, for Thomas Parry.

3.  Further Depositions of Katharine Ashley, 4 February 1549 (SP 10/6/53).

4.  Drake, p. 76.

5.  Further Depositions of Katharine Ashley, 4 February 1549 (SP10/6/53).

6.  Ibid.

7.  Confession of William Wightman, No. 2 (S. Haynes, p. 68).

8.  Norden’s Description of Westminster (in J. Nichols, 1823, Vol. 5, p. 133).

9.  Confession of Thomas Parry (S. Haynes, p. 95).

10. Parry’s Communication with the Lord Admiral (ibid., p. 98).

11. Confession of the Lady Elizabeth (ibid., p. 102).

12. Ibid.

13. McIntosh, p. 52.

14. Vives, p. 92. Starkey (
Elizabeth
, p. 72) notes Elizabeth’s obvious interest in Seymour.

15. Warnicke, p. 93.

16. Katherine Ashley’s Confession (S. Haynes, p. 100).

17. Ibid., p. 101.

18. Confession of William Wightman, No. 2 (ibid., p. 68).

19. Ibid.

20. Parry’s Communication with the Lord Admiral (ibid., p. 97).

21 Katherine Ashley’s Confession (ibid., p. 100).

22. Sir Robert Tyrwhitt to the Lord Protector, 23 January 1549 (ibid., p. 71).

23. Ibid.

24. Confession of the Lady Elizabeth (ibid., p. 103).

25. Throckmorton, p. 19.

26. Dorset’s Examination (Tytler, p. 140).

27. 
ODNB
, for Sir Thomas Seymour, p. 898.

28. Draft Articles Against Thomas Seymour, No. 30 (BL Harley MS 249).

29. Bernard, p. 226.

30. Depositions of Sir William Sharington, January 1549 (SP 10/6/35).

31. Wriothesley, p. 7.

32. Perry, p. 37.

33. Confession of William Wightman, No. 2 (S. Haynes, p. 68).

34. Parry’s Communication with the Lord Admiral (ibid., p. 98).

Chapter 16: Labouring For the Tower

1.  HMC,
Hatfield
, Vol. I, p. 58 (No. 252).

2.  
History of Parliament
, for Sir William Sharington.

3.  HMC,
Hatfield
, Vol. I, p. 60 (No. 255): in this letter, Thomas Dowrishe complains of Sharington’s accusation, in a letter of 5 January, that he had disclosed the contents of an earlier letter. Dowrishe completely denies doing so. It seems likely that the letter in question was intercepted, and that Sharington’s correspondence was being monitored.

4.  Deposition of John Fowler (SP 10/6/24).

5.  Ibid.

6.  
House of Lords Journal
, Vol. 1.

7.  Depositions of Sir William Sharington, January 1549 (SP 10/6/35).

8.  Dorset’s Examination 3 (S. Haynes, p. 76).

9.  Confession of William Wightman, No. 2 (S. Haynes, p. 68).

10. Deposition of John Fowler (SP 10/6/24).

11. 
CSP Domestic
, Vol. 1.

12. Depositions of Lord Russell (SP 10/6/43).

13. Examination of the Lord Admiral, 18 February 1549 (S. Haynes, p. 108).

14. Ibid.

15. Deposition of John Fowler (SP 10/6/24).

16. Examination of the Lord Admiral, 18 February 1549 (S. Haynes, p. 107).

17. Depositions of Lord Russell (SP 10/6/43).

18. Hoak, p. 49.

19. Deposition of William Parr, Marquess of Northampton (SP 10/6/39).

20. Ibid.

21. ‘A Journal’, p. 60.

22. 
CSP Spanish
, Vol. X, 10 January 1549.

23. Ibid., 27 January 1549.

24. John Burcher to Henry Bullinger, 15 February 1549 (Robinson, pp. 647–8).

25. Gruffydd, p. 60.

26. 
CSP Spanish
, Vol. IX, 30 January 1549.

27. Ibid., 8 February 1549.

28. Ibid., 5 February 1549 and 31 January 1549.

29. Articles Against Thomas Seymour, No. 8 (Cobbett
et al.
).

30. Indeed, Robinson (p. 648) suggested Fowler in his notes to Burcher’s letter.

31. Harington II,
Nugae Antiquae
, Vol. II, pp. 328–9.

32. 
CSP Spanish
, Vol. X, 8 February 1549.

33. Skidmore (p. 102) speculates that Seymour intended to use Holt Castle as a base during any resulting civil war.

34. Deposition of William Parr, Marquess of Northampton (SP 10/6/39).

35. Confession of the Earl of Rutland (S. Haynes, pp. 81–2).

36. Deposition of William Parr, Marquess of Northampton (SP 10/6/39).

37. Examinations of the Marquess of Dorset (Tytler, p. 141).

38. 
CSP Spanish
, Vol. X, 8 February 1549.

39. Touching Harington (S. Haynes, p. 84).

40. John Harington’s Examination, No.1 (ibid., p. 84).

41. 
APC
, Vol. II, p. 236.

42. 
CSP Spanish
, Vol. X, 8 February 1549.

43. Hahn, p. 33; also Bennett, and Henry.

44. 
CSP Domestic
, Vol. VI, p. 2.

45. 
APC
, Vol. II, p. 239.

46. Touching Harington (S. Haynes, p. 85).

47. 
APC
, Vol. II, p. 239.

48. Ibid.

49. HMC
Hatfield
, Vol. I, p. 58 (No. 255).

50. Interrogatories to Sharington (S. Haynes, p. 62).

51. Ibid., pp. 65–7.

52. Sir William Sharington to Somerset (ibid., p. 67).

53. Ellis, p. 129.

54. Ibid.

55. 
APC
, Vol. II, p. 239.

56. Gibbons, p. 233; Hoak, p. 50. Wriothesley also provided his own deposition concerning his dealings with Seymour (SP 10/6/15).

57. Hoak, p. 49.

58. Confession of King Edward VI (S. Haynes, pp. 74–5).

59. It is necessary to view the original document to see Edward’s signature. A microfilm version is BL M485/39 f. 51.

60. Confession of William Wightman, No. 2 (S. Haynes, p. 68).

Chapter 17: Vanity of Vanities

1.  Tyrwhitt to Somerset, 22 January 1549 (S. Haynes, p. 70–1).

2.  Ibid. (p. 70).

3.  Further Depositions of Katharine Ashley, 4 February 1549 (SP 10/6/53).

4.  Kate refers to wearing her russet nightgown in the Tower in her deposition of 4 February.

5.  
APC
, Vol. II, p. 240.

6.  Tyrwhitt to Somerset, 22 January 1549 (S. Haynes, p. 70).

7.  
APC
, Vol. II, p. 240.

8.  ‘A Brief Account of the Ancient Prison Called “The Fleet”… ’.

9.  Van der Delft to Charles V, 27 January 1549 (
CSP Spanish
, Vol. IX, p. 332).

10. The Council to Elizabeth, 17 February 1549 (S. Haynes, p. 107).

11. Tyrwhit, p. 74.

12. The Council to Elizabeth, 17 February 1549 (S. Haynes, p. 107).

13. Tyrwhit, p. 74.

14. Tyrwhitt to Somerset 22 January 1549 (S. Haynes, p. 70).

15. Ibid.

16. Tyrwhitt to Somerset, 22 January 1549 (S. Haynes, p. 70).

17. Tyrwhitt to Somerset, 23 January 1549 (ibid., p. 71).

18. Starkey (2000, p. 73) also considers that Tyrwhitt misjudged Elizabeth.

19. Wheatley, p. 79.

20. McIntosh, p. 55.

21. Examination of the Lord Admiral, 25 January 1549 (S. Haynes, p. 87).

22. Tyrwhitt to Somerset, 28 January 1549 (ibid., p. 88).

23. Seymour to Somerset, 27 January 1549 (ibid., pp. 87–8).

24. M485/39 f. 65.

25. Tyrwhitt to Somerset, 28 January 1549 (S. Haynes, p. 88).

26. Elizabeth to Somerset, 28 January 1549 (ibid., pp. 89–90).

27. Ibid.

28. Tyrwhitt to the Protector, 31 January 1549 (SP 10/6/16).

29. Katherine Ashley’s Final Deposition, 4 February 1549 (SP 10/6/57).

30. Tyrwhitt to Somerset, 5 February 1549 (S. Haynes, pp. 94–95).

31. Confession of Thomas Parry (ibid, p. 95).

32. As contained in SP 10/6/51, SP 10/6/55 and SP 10/6/53.

33. Katherine Ashley’s Final Deposition, 4 February 1549 (SP 10/6/57).

34. Tyrwhitt to Somerset, 5 February 1549 (S. Haynes, p. 94).

35. Ibid.

36. McIntosh, p. 67

37. Parr, p. 624.

38. Elizabeth to Somerset, 6 February 1549 (Elizabeth,
Collected Works
, p. 31).

39. Elizabeth to Somerset, 21 February 1549 (ibid., p. 32).

40. Tyrwhitt to Somerset, 7 February 1549 (S. Haynes, p. 102).

41. BL M485/39 f. 89.

42. Confession of the Lady Elizabeth’s Grace (S. Haynes, p. 102).

43. The Sayings of Christopher Ayer, 16 February 1549 (S. Haynes, p. 106).

44. Ibid.

45. Wriothesley, p. 7.

46. William Sharington’s Confession, 15 February 1549 (S. Haynes, p. 106)

47. 
CSP Spanish
, Vol. X, 20 February 1549.