The Temptation of Elizabeth Tudor (46 page)

20. Amended Draft Articles Against Thomas Seymour, No. 3 (BL Harley MS 249).

21. 
History of Parliament
, for Sir George Blagge.

22. Deposition of George Blagge (Tytler, p. 147).

23. Ibid.

24. Ibid.

25. Deposition of the Earl of Warwick (SP 10/6/47).

26. Draft Articles Against Thomas Seymour (BL Harley MS 249).

27. SP 10/6/7.

28. Depositions of Sir William Sharington, January 1549 (SP 10/6/35).

29. Loach, p. 43.

30. 
Journal of the House of Lords
, Vol. 1, 4 November 1547.

31. BL Harley MS 6807 f. 73.

32. Sharington’s Confession (S. Haynes, p. 91) and Sharington’s Answers (S. Haynes, p. 93).

33. 
CSP Spanish
, Vol. IX, p. 221.

34. Dorset’s Second Examination (S. Haynes, p. 76).

35. Draft Articles Against Thomas Seymour (BL Harley MS 249).

36. ‘A Journal’, p. 55.

37. Ibid.

38. SP 68/1/159.

39. 
Journal of the House of Lords
, 14 December 1547.

40. Articles Against Thomas Seymour (Cobbett
et al.
)

41. Ibid.

42. Throckmorton, p. 19.

Chapter 8: In a Maiden’s Chamber

1.  ‘Polar Ice… ’, p. 26.

2.  
CSP Spanish
, Vol. IX, p. 16.

3.  Ibid., p. 245.

4.  Examination of the Marquess of Dorset, No. 1 (S. Haynes, p. 75).

5.  Edward VI’s Confession (Edward VI,
Literary Remains
, pp. 57–8).

6.  Amended Draft Articles Against Thomas Seymour, No. 10 (BL Harley MS 249).

7.  Ascham to Sturm, 4 April 1550 (Ascham,
Whole Works
, Vol. I, Part 1, p. lxiv).

8.  Shrewsbury, p. 183, and Kohn, p. 104.

9.  Ascham to William Cecil, 5 January 1548 (Ascham,
Whole Works
, Vol. I, Part 3, p. 6).

10. Ascham to Princess Elizabeth, 22 January 1548 (ibid., p. lvi).

11. Ascham to the Master of St John’s College, January 1548 (ibid., p. liii).

12. Francis Goldsmith’s Latin Letter to Catherine Parr, Early January 1544 (Parr, pp. 77–8).

13. Ascham,
Whole Works
, Vol. I, Part 3, p. xi.

14. Letter XXIV (Ascham,
Whole Works
, Vol. I, Part 3, p. xliv).

15. Letter II (ibid., p. xviii).

16. Roger Ascham to his wife,
c
. November 1568 (ibid., Vol. II, p. 170).

17. Ascham to John Cheke, 14 January 1551, complains of his neglected talents (ibid., Vol. I, Part 2, p. 235); and Ascham to Mr Edward Raven, 20 January 1551 (ibid., p. 244) refers to the pelican.

18. Letter XXI (ibid., Vol. I, Part 3, p. xxix).

19. Ascham to Mrs Astley (ibid., Vol. I, Part 1, p. 87).

20. Ascham to Princess Elizabeth (ibid., p. 87).

21. Ascham to John Cheke, 12 February 1548 (ibid., Vol. I, Part 3, p. lvii).

22. 
CSP Spanish
, Vol. IX, p. 250.

23. Wotton to Sir William Petre, Paris, 7 March 1548 (Tytler, p. 78).

24. Wotton to the Protector and Council, Paris, 7 March 1548 (ibid., p. 80).

25. 
CSP Foreign
, p. 77.

26. Ibid., p. 84.

27. Ibid., p. 109.

28. SP 10/4/13.

29. Draft Articles Against Thomas Seymour, No. 23 (BL Harley MS 249).

30. Ibid., No. 28.

31. Ibid., No. 25.

32. Ibid., No. 24.

33. Articles Against Thomas Seymour, No. 23 (Cobbett
et al.
).

34. Draft Articles Against Thomas Seymour, No. 26 (BL Harley MS 249).

35. Gruffydd, p. 59.

36. 
L&P
, Vol. XVIII, Part I, 47.

37. Van der Delft to the Emperor, 23 February 1548 (
CSP Spanish
, Vol. IX, pp. 250–4).

38. Deposition of William Parr, Marquess of Northampton (SP 10/6/39).

39. Ascham to Sturm, 4 April 1550 (Ascham,
Whole Works
, Vol. I, Part 3, p. lxiv).

40. Perry, p. 28.

41. Ibid., p. 28.

42. BL STC 17320.

43. Confession of Katherine Ashley (S. Haynes, p. 99).

Chapter 9: The Queen’s Displeasure

1.  Biblical Verses Inscribed by Queen Katherine in Her Volume Containing a Sermon of St John Chrysostom (Parr, p. 48).

2.  Thomas Seymour to Catherine Parr, 9 June 1548 (Parr, p. 167).

3.  Catherine Parr to Lady Wriothesley (
Writings of Edward VIII…
, p. 14).

4.  Elizabeth to Catherine, July 1548.

5.  Catherine to Thomas, probably 9 June 1548 (Parr, p. 170). The letter answers Seymour’s letter of 9 June. Since he returned to Hanworth early on 11 June, Catherine’s reply must date to either 9 or 10 June.

6.  Ibid., p. 167.

7.  Thomas to Catherine, 9 June 1548 (ibid, p. 167).

8.  Catherine to Thomas, probably 9 June 1548 (Parr, p. 168).

9.  ‘The Countess of Lincoln’s Nurserie at Oxford’, printed 1622 (
Harleian Miscellany
, Vol. IV, p. 27).

10. Answers of the Lord Admiral to Articles Objected Against Him (
CSP Domestic
, 24 February 1549).

11. J. Hayward (1630) p. 81.

12. 
History of Parliament
, for William Wightman.

13. Wightman’s Confession (S. Haynes, p. 71).

14. Sharington’s Confession (ibid., p. 91).

15. John Harington’s First Examination (ibid., p. 84).

16. SP 10/4/13.

17. SP 10/4/28.

18. Thomas to Catherine, 9 June 1548 (Parr, p. 168).

19. Colvin, Vol. IV, Part II, p. 253.

20. BL Egerton MS 2815.

21. Deposition of John Fowler (SP 10/6/24).

22. 
CSP Spanish
, Vol. IX, p. 278.

23. The Inventory of Catherine Parr’s Personal Effects (Parr, pp. 627–32).

24. Catherine Parr to Thomas Seymour (S. Haynes, p. 62).

25. Gruffydd, p. 59.

26. Deposition of John Fowler (SP 10/6/24).

27. Ibid.

28. Ascham,
The Schoolmaster
.

29. Ascham to Sturm, 14 December 1550 (Ascham,
Whole Works
, Vol. I, Part 1, p. lxxi).

30. Ascham to Lady Jane Grey, 18 January 1551 (Ascham,
Letters
, p. 147).

31. Confession of Thomas Parry (S. Haynes, p. 96).

32. Elizabeth’s inscription on Catherine’s letter to Thomas of 9 June 1548 (S. Haynes, p. 17). The analysis comes from this work.

33. Confession of Thomas Parry (S. Haynes, p. 96).

34. Ibid.

35. Ibid.

36. Perry, p. 32.

37. Will of Sir Edmund Denny, 1519 (
Testamenta Vetusta
, Vol. II, p. 559).

38. For example, in his will Sir Edmund gave his daughter four marks each for their marriages. Sir Anthony gave his daughters 1,100 marks each.

39. Will of Dame Joan Denny (PROB 11/36/157) is that of a conventional wealthy widow.

40. Garrett, pp. 141–4.

41. Elizabeth to Catherine (Parr, 171).

42. Elizabeth to Catherine (ibid., 172).

43. Confession of Thomas Parry (S. Haynes, p. 96).

44. Confession of Katherine Ashley (S. Haynes, p. 101).

45. 
VCH
Hertford
, Vol. 3.

46. 
Ambulator
, p. 59.

47. Will of Thomas Denny, 1527 (
Testamenta Vetusta
, Vol. II, pp. 628–9).

48. Ascham to Sir Anthony Denny, 1545 (Ascham,
Whole Works
, Vol. I, Part 1, p. 82).

49. Ascham to William Ireland, 8 July 1549 (Ascham,
Whole Works
, Vol. I, Part 1, pp. lvii–lix).

Chapter 10: A Child Born and Miserably Destroyed

1.  Furdell, p. 67.

2.  Ibid.

3.  Clifford, p. 87.

4.  Ibid. The cuckold mentioned can be no other than Somerset in this context. The only other possibility would be Catherine Parr, who was dead by 1550.

5.  Long, No. 2, p. 213.

6.  Aubrey, p. 253.

7.  Rede.

8.  Stansfield, pp. 61–2.

9.  ‘Barnes’ is a common name in the Great Shefford parish registers, which survive from 1571; others from that decade include Katherine Barnes (christened 2 April 1572), Agnes Barnes (christened 14 February 1574) and Anna Barnes (christened 14 December 1576).

10. Long, No. 3.

11. Quoted in Rice, p. 87.

12. There were two successive Sir Henry Knyvetts at Charlton. The elder Sir Henry had died in May 1547. His youngest child, Alice, was born around that time. His eldest son, the second Sir Henry, did not marry until the early 1560s. This detail almost certainly means that Mother Barnes’s story does not relate to Elizabeth, although it is just possible that Mother Barnes was always engaged by Mrs Knyvett for her confinements and had received no specific instructions in 1548, but knew a further birth was possible. She could have been unaware of the elder Sir Henry’s death the year before, given the distance from her home to Charlton.

13. Rice, p. 89.

14. Ibid., p. 90.

15. Long, No. 4.

16. Ibid, p. 219.

17. Rice, p. 92.

18. Long, No. 2.

19. Ibid., p. 204.

20. Ibid.

21. Rice, p. 84.

22. Clifford, p. 55.

23. Ibid.

24. Ibid., p. 56.

25. Long, No. 3, p. 396.

26. A Credulous Archaeologist, p. 48.

27. Ward.

28. A Credulous Archaeologist, pp. 45–51.

29. De Luna, p. 49. In this work it is convincingly and authoritatively asserted that Avisa can be considered to represent Elizabeth I, and that the nobleman can be identified as Thomas Seymour.

30. Ibid., p. 137.

31. Princess Elizabeth to Somerset, September 1548 (SP 10/5/8a).

32. Furdell, p. 69.

33. Munk, p. 35.

Chapter 11: The Little Knave

1.  Catherine to Thomas, 9 June 1548 (Parr, p. 170).

2.  Bingham, p. 68.

3.  John Leland (quoted in J. Nichols, 1823, Vol. III, p. 217).

4.  Willyams, p. 11.

5.  Holbein’s drawing of Sir William Sharington (Royal Collection, Windsor Castle).

6.  Clark-Maxwell, p. 177.

7.  Howarth, p. 21.

8.  Ibid., p. 22

9.  Clark-Maxwell, p. 177.

10. Lady Jane Grey to Thomas Seymour, 1 October 1548 (Tytler, p. 133).

11. For example, in November 1547 Catherine had sent a messenger with letters to Newhall, in Essex, which belonged to Mary (TNA E15./340 f. 42).

12. Princess Mary to Catherine Parr, 9 August 1548 (Parr, p. 175).

13. Elizabeth to Catherine,
c
. June 1548 (ibid., pp. 171–2).

14. Elizabeth to Thomas Seymour,
c
. July 1548 (Elizabeth,
Letters
, p. 8).

15. Elizabeth to Catherine, 31 July 1548 (Perry, p. 35).

16. Edward VI’s Confession (Edward VI,
Literary Remains
, p. 58).

17. John Fowler to Thomas Seymour, 19 July 1548 (SP 10/4/61).

18. SP 10/4/62.

19. SP 10/4/63.

20. TNA E101/424/12 has many documents signed by Tyrwhitt in his capacity as a household officer, including f. 1, which was an allowance paid to a servant going on the queen’s business from Chelsea to London in July 1547.

21. Sir Robert Tyrwhitt’s Confession (S. Haynes, p. 104).

22. Cheselworth Inventory (Ellis, p. 125).

23. Sheffield Inventory (ibid., p. 128).

24. Turner.

25. Grinsell, p. 13.

26. Sharington’s Answers (S. Haynes, p. 92).

27. Ibid.

28. Examination of Sir William Sharingnton, 11 February 1549 (S. Haynes, p. 104).

29. Mr Weston to the Lord Admiral, 18 July 1548 (S. Haynes, p. 73).

Chapter 12: Let Me Be No More

1.  
CSP Spanish
, Vol. IX, p. 279.

2.  Ibid., p. 277.

3.  Ibid., p. 279.

4.  Thomas Seymour to James Walsh, Mayor of Waterford, 19 July 1548 (SP 61/1/105).

5.  Thomas Seymour to James Walsh, Mayor of Waterford, 23 July 1548 (SP 61/1/106).

6.  Receipt dated 19 June 1548 (SP 46/124/35).

7.  Lord Russell to Lord Seymour, 13 August 1548 (SP 10/4/87).

8.  Thomas Seymour to unknown, 16 July 1548 (SP 46/124/42).

9.  Thomas Seymour to William Cecil, 18 June 1548 (SP 10/4/42).

10. Somerset to Thomas Seymour, 6 August 1548, was written from Hampton Court, while his letter of 13 August was dated at Oatlands and his letter of 16 August at Sheen (SP 10/4/72).

11. Seymour to Somerset, 10 August 1548 (SP 10/4/83).

12. Somerset to Seymour, 6 August 1548 (SP 10/4/72).

13. Ibid.

14. John Greenfield to Thomas Seymour, 7 September 1548 (SP 10/5/4). Greenfield was Thomas’s vice-admiral for Cornwall and one of the recipients of his orders of 9 August to move against the French.

15. Thomas Seymour to Sir Peter Carew and others, 9 August 1548 (SP 10/4/77).

16. John Greenfield to Thomas Seymour, 7 September 1548 (SP 10/5/4).

17. Somerset to Seymour, 16 August 1548 (SP 10/4/90).

18. Seymour to Somerset, 19 August 1548 (SP 10/4/92).

19. Somerset to Seymour, 13 August 1548 (SP 10/4/84).

20. Seymour to Somerset, 23 August 1548 (SP 10/4/94).

21. Somerset to Seymour, 1 September 1548 (SP 10/5/1).

22. Elizabeth to Catherine, 31 July 1548 (Perry, p. 35).

23. Strangford, p. 34.

24. Munk, p. 33.

25. Elizabeth Tyrwhitt’s Confession (Parr, p. 178).

26. Porter (2010), p. 319.

27. Somerset to Seymour, 1 September 1548 (SP 10/5/1).

28. John Fowler to Seymour (18 July 1548) refers to the Duchess of Somerset’s son.

29. Somerset to Seymour, 1 September 1548 (SP 10/5/1).

30. Elizabeth Tyrwhitt’s Account of Catherine Parr’s State of Mind and Behaviour, 3 September 1548 (Parr, p. 177).

31. Somerset to Seymour, 1 September 1548 (SP 10/5/1).

32. William Wightman to Mr Cecil, 10 May 1549 (Tytler, p. 169).

33. TNA PROB 11/32/283.

34. James suggested this in her biography of Catherine. It is also raised in Parr, p. 178.