The Templars (39 page)

Tower of David 86
illus

trade 138–40

treasure, Templar 202
illus
, 203–4, 264–5

Tripoli 195, 201

Tripoli, County of 92, 106, 127

see also
Raymond II, Count of Tripoli; Raymond III, Count of Tripoli

True Cross

7th century movements 48, 49

falls into Muslim hands 175, 289

Iglesia Vera Cruz 312–13, 312
illus

remains of 313

security for loan 141

used in battle 165, 169, 172

Turin Shroud
see
Shroud

Typee
(1846) 330

Tyre 178

Umar, Caliph 49–50, 53–4

Umayyad dynasty 58, 65, 67

Unam Sanctam
(Papal bull) 212

UNESCO, World Heritage sites 314, 316

United States

and Freemasonry 273–6, 279, 280

Great Seal 275–6

September 11 2001 attacks 279

Urban II, Pope 72–7

Usamah ibn Munqidh 112–13

Valentinus 148–9

Venice 117

Vezelay 115–19, 115
illus

video games 346

Virgin Mary 44

Vox in Excelso
(Papal bull) 235

Wagner, Richard 345

Wailing Wall 18, 291

Waldensians 146

Walter Map 107

Warmund of Picquigny, Patriarch of Jerusalem 95

Washington, George, President 240
illus
, 273, 274
illus
, 276

Watson, William 330, 334–5

William of Beaujeu, Grand Master 196–7, 202–3

William the Marshal, Earl of Pembroke 320–21

William of Nogaret

in fiction 335, 339

and the Papacy 222–3

and the Templars 213, 216, 219–20, 222, 230

William of Paris, French Inquisitor 219, 226

William of Plaisians 230

William of Puylaurens 146

William of Tyre 107–9, 112, 133, 154, 162–4

witchcraft 256–7

Wolfram von Eschenbach 253–4, 255, 329

Yale University 279–81

Young, Brigham 277

Young, Robyn 339–40

Zengi, governor of Mosul 111–14, 168

Zeno, Nicolo and Antonio 271

Zichmi 271–2

Zoroastrianism 48

c1209
BC
Date of the first non-biblical reference to Israel, contained on a stele of the Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah. This approximates the traditional date, c1200 BC, for the arrival of the Jews in the Promised Land after their Exodus from Egypt.

c993
BC
David conquers Jerusalem and makes it his capital; he brings the Ark of the Covenant to the city.

c958–c951
BC
Solomon builds the Temple in Jerusalem; the Ark of the Covenant is placed in its holy of holies.

586
BC
Assyrians capture Jerusalem and destroy the city and Solomon’s Temple. The Ark of the Covenant is destroyed or lost at or before this time.

520
BC
Work begins on the construction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem.

63
BC
Palestine (as the Romans call it) becomes part of the Roman Empire.

20
BC
–64
AD
Construction of Herod’s Temple.

c30
AD
Crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth in Jerusalem.

70
AD
The Roman emperor Titus puts down the Jewish Revolt and destroys Jerusalem and Herod’s Temple.

135
AD
After the Second Jewish Revolt the Roman emperor Hadrian obliterates all trace of the Temple and builds a temple of Jupiter on the site.

c140
AD
Valentinus teaches Gnosticism, which flourishes throughout the second and third centuries.

313
AD
Edict of Toleration legalises Christianity throughout the Roman Empire.

326–28
AD
Helena, mother of the emperor Constantine the Great, makes a pilgrimage to the Holy Land and discovers the True Cross and the Holy Sepulchre.