The Templars (36 page)
Authors: Michael Haag
There are myriad sites on the Web dealing with the Templars and the Crusades, as well as with such subjects as Gnosticism, the Ark of the Covenant and the Holy Grail. Here are some of the more useful and interesting ones.
Ancient and Medieval History Resources
The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
the-orb.net
The Crusades, the Templars, Islam, you name it: there is a wealth of serious sources available on this online reference site. Search for Templars, for example, and among other things you get an encylopedia entry by Malcolm Barber, the world’s leading authority on the order, which in turn refers you to such subjects as the Latin Rule of 1129 and St Bernard’s treatise
De Laude Novae Militiae
. The ORB is an academic site, written and maintained by medieval scholars for the benefit of their fellow instructors and serious students. All articles have been judged by at least two peer reviewers. Authors are held to high standards of accuracy, currency and relevance to the field of medieval studies.
The Internet Medieval Sourcebook
www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.html
This is a subsection of the Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies and will direct you to original sources for Pope Urban II’s speech at Clermont launching the First Crusade, William of Tyre’s account of the foundation of the Knights Templar, Ernoul’s chronicle covering the battle of Hattin, the
Itinerarium Peregrinorium et Gesta Regis Ricardi
on how Richard the Lionheart made peace with Saladin, and Ludolph of Suchem’s account of the fall of Acre in 1291. There are also such sources as the Cathar Gospel of John the Evangelist, Al-Makrisi’s account of the Crusade of St Louis, and Benjamin of Tudela’s twelfth-century account of his travels to Jerusalem and beyond.
Internet Ancient History Sourcebook
www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook.html
Also a subsection of ORB, this website provides original sources for ancient history, including ancient Israel, the Graeco-Roman world and early Christianity.
Internet Jewish History Sourcebook
www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/jewishsbook.html
The ORB subsection providing sources for Jewish history.
Internet Islamic History Sourcebook
www.fordham.edu/halsall/islam/islamsbook.html
The ORB subsection providing sources for Islamic history.
Islamic Historiography
www.theatlantic.com/doc/199901/koran
‘What is the Koran?’ by Toby Lester, executive editor of Atlantic Unbound.
www.opendemocracy.net/faith-europe_islam/mohammed_3866.jsp
‘What do we actually know about Mohammed?’ by Patricia Crone, professor of Islamic History, Princeton University.
Crusades Encylopedia
www.crusades-encyclopedia.com
Established by Andrew Host, an American academic specialising in the Crusades, this website is a hobby with a serious purpose: to serve as a trustworthy tool in providing reliable online material for students or enthusiasts of the period. It
provides hundreds of primary and secondary sources on the Crusades, sections on such subjects as women and the Crusades, and on Islam, Judaism and the Crusades, as well as an extensive bibliography and links to each of the Crusades, to the Reconquista, to the military orders and to the Templars in particular.
Jacob’s Ford Castle archaeological site
ateret.huji.ac.il
This site illustrates the continuing archaeological excavation of the Templar castle of Vadum Jacob, that is Jacob’s Ford in northern Israel, which guarded the route across the Jordan river from Damascus. The castle was attacked by Saladin, eight hundred of its defenders were killed and their bodies were thrown into a ditch. These Templar bones and the remains of the castle itself provide new insights into the Crusader past.
Templar History magazine
www.templarhistory.com
This website of the leading magazine aimed at Templar enthusiasts contains numerous articles on Templar history, personalities, battles, locations, the myths that have grown up around the order, and so on, plus images, the text of original documents and an introduction to the literature about the Templars. Not to miss a trick, it also sells Templar shirts, hats and mugs.
Templar Globe
templars.wordpress.com
The Templar Globe announces itself as the bulletin of the International Chancellery of the Ordo Supremus Militaris Templi Hierosolymitani Universalis; in fact it appears to be a one-man blog, assisted by outside contributions, devoted loosely to things Templar. Its entries are in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese, and are generally accompanied by excellent illustrations, photographs and even videos.
Skull and Crossbones
www.skullandcrossbones.org
From an orthodox account of the Templars, this site branches out into fanciful and entertaining speculations, such as that the Templar fleet escaped the clutches of Philip IV, sailed for Scotland where the Templars helped Robert the Bruce win the battle of Bannockburn, and centuries later turned to piracy in the Caribbean. There are speculations too on Solomon’s Temple and the exact position it would have occupied on today’s Temple Mount, and articles on such varied topics as Saladin, the Dead Sea Scrolls, Prince Henry the Navigator, Athlit, the last Templar outpost on the mainland of Outremer, and descendants of the Templars now supposedly living in the backwoods of Tennessee.
The Chinon Parchment at the Vatican Secret Archives
asv.vatican.va/en/visit/doc/inform.htm
This site displays the original Chinon Parchment recently found in the Vatican Secret Archives and allows you to zoom in on every detail. The parchment gave Papal absolution to Grand Master James of Molay and other leading members of the Templars, clearing them of heresy, blasphemy and the other calumnies heaped upon them by King Philip IV of France.
The Chinon Parchment in Translation
www.inrebus.com/chinon.html
The Chinon Parchment, written in Latin, is here translated into English.
Jerusalem Virtual Library
www.jerusalem-library.org
A cooperative venture between Al-Quds University and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, this site provides online access to documents, maps, plans, inscriptions, illustrations and photographs illuminating the history of Jerusalem.
The Jerusalem Archaeological Park
www.archpark.org.il
Maps, plans, photographs and virtual reconstructions provide a vivid introduction to the archaeology of Jerusalem.
Undiscovered Jerusalem
www.gebus.com/index_eng.htm
An illustrated presentation of Jerusalem curiosities, including secret excavations beneath the Temple Mount, controversies over the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the whereabouts of the True Cross, and a madness known as the Jerusalem Syndrome that overcomes a proportion of visitors to the city, usually Protestant Americans, who imagine themselves to be Mary Magdalene, John the Baptist or Jesus Christ.
History of the Ark of the Covenant
www.arkstory.com/arkstory.html
Speculations on what happened to the Ark of the Covenant, with numerous links.
The Camelot Project
www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot
This educational website features the history of the Grail legend as told through art and literature. It is part of a project which looks at the Arthurian legend.
Gnosticism, Catharism and the Occult
The Gnostic Society
www.gnosis.org
Website of the Los Angeles-based Gnostic Society, with endless information on Gnosticism including translations and photographs of ancient Gnostic documents.
Gnosticism and Its Successors
www.bopsecrets.org/rexroth/essays/gnosticism.htm
An essay on Gnosticism and its successors, including Catharism and the modern-day taste for the occult, by the eminent American critic Kenneth Rexroth.
Pietre-Stones: Review of Freemasonry
www.freemasons-freemasonry.com
The premier educational source for Freemasons in all things to do with Freemasonry, including history, research papers, books, conferences, news and links–in five languages.
Note: Entries in this index, carried over verbatim from the print edition of this title, are unlikely to correspond to the pagination of any given e-book reader. However, entries in this index, and other terms, may be easily located by using the search feature of your e-book reader.
The use of surnames has changed over time. Prior to the fifteenth century, individuals were known by their first name with a modifier. This index follows accepted practise in filing these individuals under their first name. So, for example, James of Molay goes under J for James and not M for Molay.
Names of fictitious characters are given in inverted commas, with the source in brackets e.g. Baltran (
Last of the Templars
).
Abbasid dynasty 58, 65–6, 67
Abu al-Feda 201
The Accursed Kings
(1955–77) 330, 333, 344
Acre
background 138, 139
illus
, 195–6, 196
illus
fall of 201–3, 201
illus
, 206
illus
history of 178, 182, 297–9
Mameluk massacre 168, 201
illus
, 203
secret tunnel 298–9, 298
illus
Acre, Bishop of 172
Ad Preclarus Sapientie
(Papal bull) 225
Ad Providam
(Papal bull) 236
Adhemar, Bishop of Le Puy 75, 77, 81, 91
Age of Discovery 247
agricultural trade 142
Agrippa, Henry Cornelius 257
Albigensian Crusade 148, 185
Aleppo 122
illus
, 167
Alexander the Great 19
Alexander II, Pope 63
Alexius I Comnenus, Emperor 72, 81–2, 93
Alfonso I, King of Aragon 105
Alfonso VII of Castile 116
Ali of Herat 160–61
Ali (Mohammed’s son-in-law) 67
‘Alias, Cathar’ (
Labyrinth
) 336
Almourol castle 317, 317
illus
Amalric, King of Jerusalem 153–4, 161–3
America, Templar discovery of 270–72
American Revolution, and Freemasonry 273–4
Anastasis church 68, 70
Ancient Egypt 21, 23–5, 34, 36
Andre of Montbard 100, 108
Andrew, King of Hungary 185
Angels and Demons
(2001) 276
Anna Comnena 72–3
Antichrist 62–4, 76–7
Antioch 92, 93, 106, 132
Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius
(7th c.) 61
appearance of the Templars 77, 81, 101–2, 104, 105
illus
Al-Aqsa mosque
history 50, 50
illus
, 179–80, 295–6
palace of Kingdom of Jerusalem 91
and Poor-Fellow Soldiers 97–8, 296
and Templars 155, 249, 296
Araunah 27, 290, 293
Archambaud of Saint-Aignan 108
archives
see
historical sources
Arianism 45–7, 60
Arians 146
Arius 46–7
Ark of the Covenant 26–7, 33, 34–6, 35
illus
, 39, 357
Arnaut Sebbatier, 238
Arnold, Benedict 273
Arsuf, battle of 182, 183–4
Arwad (Ruad) island 208, 211–12, 212
illus
, 306
Ascalon 132–3, 165–6, 178, 182
al-Ashraf Khalil, Sultan 202–3, 298
Assassins 150–54, 266
Assassin’s Creed
video game 346
Athanasius 46–7
Athlit castle 195, 204
Augustine of Hippo 89
Ayas 140
Baghdad 58, 65, 67
Baghras castle 106, 195
Baigent, Michael 342, 352
Baldric of Dol 75, 76
Baldwin I, King of Jerusalem (Baldwin of Boulogne) 91, 92, 108
illus
, 167
Baldwin II, Emperor 141
Baldwin II, King of Jerusalem 95–6, 97
illus
, 99
Baldwin III, King of Jerusalem 114, 122
Baldwin IV, King of Jerusalem 165, 169
Baldwin V, King of Jerusalem 169
Bale, John 332
Balfe, Michael William 345
Balian of Ibelin 170, 171, 172, 174–5, 176, 177, 178–9
banking services 140–42, 144
Bannockburn, battle of 245, 268–9, 268
illus
, 270
Baphomet’s Meteor
(1972) 330, 333–4
Barbet, Pierre 330, 333–4
Barruel, Augustin, Abbé 266–7, 278
Baybars, Sultan 168, 191, 194, 195, 197, 198
in fiction 339
Beaufort castle 195, 198, 199
illus
Beirut 178
‘Beltran’ (
Last of the Templars
) 334
Benedict of Alignan 131
Bérenger Frédol 229–30
Bernard of Clairvaux 99–102, 100
illus
, 103–4, 114–16, 145, 194, 253
Berry, Steve 338–9
Bethlehem, Church of the Nativity 43
Bible
as historical source 19–22
study of 258–9
Old Testament
Genesis 32:24
166
2 Samuel
19, 21
2 Samuel 6:14
26
2 Samuel 24:15–25
27
1 Kings
19, 21, 32, 261
1 Kings 3:5–14
30
1 Kings 4:30
30
1 Kings 5
34
1 Kings 5–8
30
1 Kings 7:13–14
37
1 Kings 8:12
33
1 Kings 9:11
34
1 Kings 9:16
30
1 Kings 10:11
34
1 Kings 14:26
34
1 Kings 15:18
34
2 Kings
19, 21
2 Kings 16:8
35
2 Kings 25:13–15
35
1 Chronicles
19, 21
1 Chronicles 13:10
33
1 Chronicles 21:15–28
27
1 Chronicles 22:2–5
34
1 Chronicles 28: 11–19
34
2 Chronicles
21, 258, 261
2 Chronicles 2
34
2 Chronicles 3:1
27
2 Chronicles 3:4
32
2 Chronicles 35:3
35
Ezra
19, 21
Psalms
164
Psalms 137:1
19, 21
Songs of Solomon
30
Ezekiel
20, 21–2
Apocrypha,
2 Maccabees 2:4–8
35
New Testament
Matthew 3:16–17
68
Matthew
10:38 81
Mark
13:1–2 17–18, 22
John 2:16
20, 22
John 4:19–24
42
Revelation
61
Revelation 7:14
321
Revelation 20:9
321
Blind Dead
movies 341, 345
Boaz (pillar) 37, 38
illus
, 258, 325
Boccaccio 252
Bohemond, Prince of Taranto 78, 82, 91, 92, 93
Boniface VIII, Pope 210–211, 212–13
Bordeaux Pilgrim 160, 293
The Brethren Trilogy
(2006–08) 339–40
Britain
and the Templars 244–5, 318–26, 350
Unlawful Societies Act (1799) 267
The Brotherhood of the Holy Shroud
(2006) 337
Brotherhood of the Wolf
film 343
Brown, Dan
Angels and Demons
276
The Da Vinci Code
270, 325–6, 331, 336
Burgess, Anthony 329
Bush, George H. W., President 276, 281
Bush, George W., President 281
Byzantine Empire
establishment of 45–6
and First Crusade 64–5
and Second Crusade 120–21
and Seljuk Turks 71–3, 74, 81–2
Caithness, William, Earl of 323
Calvary (Golgotha) 68, 288
candelabra 255, 264
castles and fortresses 106, 127–8, 132–6, 181, 187
fall to the Mamelukes 195, 198–200
historical sources 349
see also individual castles:
Almourol; Athlit; Baghras;
Beaufort; Chastel Blanc; Kolossi;
Krak des Chevaliers; La Feve;
Margat; Saphet
Catharism 146–8, 219, 351
Celestine II, Pope 104
Charlemagne 96
Charles of Anjou, King of Sicily 119, 197–8
Charles Martel 63
Chastel Blanc (Safita) castle 134, 135
illus
, 195, 200, 302–3, 303
illus
Chastel Pelerin 138
Chastellet 134, 166
Château de la Mer, Sidon 202
illus
, 203
‘Chaykin, Tess’ (
The Last Templar
) 338
Chinon Parchment 227–8, 229–33, 231
illus
, 252, 356
chivalry 167–8
Chrétien des Troyes 253–5, 329
Christian Church 41–2
Christian heresy 59–62, 146–9
Christian sects 150
Chronicle of Ernoul
(12th c.) 171, 176–7
Church of the Holy Sepulchre 43, 68, 69
illus
, 70, 288–90, 289
illus
Church of the Nativity 43
Clairvaux monastery 100
Clement V, Pope
in fiction 335, 336
and Hospitallers 244
inquiries into the Templars 224–33, 234–6, 251–2
and Philip IV 213–14, 215
illus
, 224–6, 226–7, 231, 235
Columbus, Christopher 248
Compostela 117, 313
Conrad III, King of Germany 116, 120–24
Conrad of Montferrat, King of Jerusalem 152
conspiracy theories 252, 265–82
Constance
(1982) 330
Constantine, Emperor (the Great) 41, 43, 45–7, 288
Constantinople 45–6, 238
Convent do Cristo 315–16
Cooper, Robert 269, 352
Copts 59–60, 66
‘Cotton’ (
The Templar Legacy
) 338
Council of Chalcedon 59
Council of Clermont 73–7
Council of Lyons 197, 209
Council of Nicaea 47
Council of Troyes 101–3
Council of Vienne 234–5
Cressing Temple, Essex 322–3, 322
illus
Cromwell, Oliver 266
cross
as symbol for Crusaders 77, 81, 104
see also
True Cross
Crusader states
see
Outremer
crusades
First Crusade 74–6, 77–8, 81–6
Second Crusade 114–16, 119–24, 120
illus
Third Crusade 181–4
Fourth Crusade 184–5
Fifth Crusade 185
Sixth Crusade 186–8
Seventh Crusade 192–3, 193
illus
Albigensian Crusade 148, 185
cross as symbol 77, 81, 104
early Christian 63–5
Easter 1019 massacre 95, 96
hazards 94–6
historical sources 349
origin of term 80–81
People’s Crusade 78–80
The Crusades Trilogy
(1998–2000) 335
Cyprus
history 183, 203–4
and Templars 183, 203–4, 208, 250
The Da Vinci Code
(2003) 270, 325–6, 331, 336
daily routine of the Templars 102
Damascus 58, 65, 121–3, 187, 189–90
Damietta 185
Dante 59–60, 221, 252
David, King of Israel 25–8, 290, 293
‘de Bois-Gilbert, Brian, Sir’ (
Ivanhoe
) 330, 333, 340
De Expugatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum
(12th c.) 172–3, 174, 177
De Laude Novae Militae
(Bernard of Clairvaux) 103–4
De Occulta Philosophia
(1531) 257
Dead Sea scrolls 36
al-Din Al-Hanbali, Mujir 54
Diniz, King of Portugal 246, 315
Dome of the Rock
capture by Saladin 179–80
site of 27
structure and decoration 54
illus
, 57, 57
illus
, 291–4
Temple of the Lord 91, 155, 157, 293
underground cavern 159–61, 160
illus
, 293–4, 294
illus
Draper 129, 157
Druids 267
Druon, Maurice 330, 333, 344
Durrell, Lawrence 330
Eco, Umberto 252, 282, 330–31, 335
Edessa 92, 112, 113–14, 115, 168
Edge of Darkness
(TV) 344
Edict of Toleration 41, 43
Edward, Prince (Edward I of England) 195
Edward I, King of England 142, 210, 214
Edward II, King of England 244–5, 320
Egypt
agreement with Frederick II 187–8
Amalric’s invasion 161–4
Coptic Church 59–60, 66
and Crusades 185, 192–3
success at La Forbie 191–2
Eleanor of Aquitaine 253
Enlightenment 260–61
Ernoul 171, 177
