The Sun King (35 page)

Observatory, Paris,
20f

Oeillets, Mlle des, maid to Mme de Montespan and mistress of the King,
47
,
56
,
61

Old Pretender,
see
James Francis Edward Stuart

Orange, William of,
see
William III of Orange

Orangery, Versailles,
9
,
10
,
13
,
32

orange trees in tubs, Versailles,
126

Oratorians,
97

Orléans (Loiret),
126

d'Orléans, Elisabeth Charlotte (Liselotte) of the Palatinate (1652–1722), Duchesse de, m. Philippe I, Duc d'Orléans, 1671, the second Madame: 124,
126
,
127
,
128
,
130
,
134
; character and way of life,
34–6
,
64
,
71
,
72
,
75
,
77
,
79
,
86
,
92
,
144
; on the Duchesse de Bourbon,
88
; her son's marriage,
90
; hatred of Fagon,
103
; the death of Monsieur,
141–2
; Mme de Maintenon arranges for her to stay at Versailles,
142
; disapproval of the Duchesse de Burgogne,
146
; and the Dauphin's death,
158
; and the deaths of the Bourgognes,
162
; brought back into the Versailles circle,
163

d'Orléans, Henrietta of England (1644–70), Duchesse, m. Philippe I, Duc d'Orléans, 1661, the first Madame: 133,
134
,
155
; Louis XIV's flirtation with,
15
; death,
34
,
53
; and Louis XIV,
38
; her ghost appears to the Dauphin,
92

d'Orléans, Françoise-Marie de Bourbon (1677–1749) (Mlle de Blois), youngest daughter of Mme de Montespan and the King, Duchesse, m. Philippe II, Duc d'Orléans (1692),
48
,
50
,
90
,
108
,
132
,
140
,
158
,
163
,
168

d'Orléans, Philippe I, Duc (1640–1701), Monsieur: 112,
122
,
124
,
129
; and the ‘Italian vice',
31
; Louis XIV devoted to him,
33
; character, appearance, family, habits,
33
,
44
; his wives,
34f
; at Versailles,
45f
,
67
; involved in Paris underworld,
59
; his son's marriage,
90
; dinner party at Saint-Cloud,
130–1
; and the Duchesse de Bourgogne,
133
,
134
; quarrel with the King, and death,
140–2

d'Orléans, Philippe II, Duc de Chartres et (1674–1723), Regent of France from 1715: 35,
98
,
130
,
166
,
167
; at Marly,
41
,
86
; marriage,
90
; becomes Duc d'Orléans,
140–1
; and Dauphin's death,
158–9
,
169
; suspected of poisoning the Bourgognes,
162
; Louis XIV appoints him to govern the realm for his great-grandson Louis XV,
169

d'Ormesson, André II Lefèvre (1644–84), magistrate,
56

Ormonde, James Butler, 2nd Duke of (1665–1745), French ambassador takes town house of,
130

Oudenarde, Battle of (1708),
151
,
157
,
160

Packmore, Major,
127

Palais, Royal, Paris,
33

Palatinate: atrocities in the,
22
; coat of arms,
83

Papal States: Hocca forbidden in,
40
,
164

Paris: Louis XIV's care for,
11
: Observatory,
21
; Hôtel Lambert,
22
,
23
; Tuileries Palace,
23
,
93
; water for,
25
; Mme de Montespan granted deed of separation by Parlement of,
28
; Duc de Mortemart made governor of,
30
; Palais Cardinal (Palais Royal),
33
; Hocca forbidden,
40
; Soubise house,
47f
; La Reynie as chief of police,
54f
; poisoning in,
53–62
; Dauphin visits the opera,
70
,
86
; Cardinal de Noailles, Archbishop of,
95
,
168
; convent of Port-Royal,
98
; Racine's home,
110
; members of the Parlement at Saint-Cyr,
111
; Portland's embassy,
124
et seqq.
; fireworks for birth of Duc de Bourgogne's son,
145
; Duchesse de Bourgogne visits Les Halles,
146
; Berri and the Paris Parlement,
147
; Place Vendôme,
151
; bread riots in,
154
; and measles epidemic,
162

Partition Treaties: First (Treaty of Loo: 1698),
131
,
136
; Second (1700),
136

Pascal, Blaise (1623–62), quoted,
166

Paston, Lord,
124

Perrault, Charles (1628–1703), quoted,
9

Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of (1658–1735),
164

Petre (or Peters), Father Edward (1631–99), confessor of James II,
76

Philip II (1527–98), King of Spain from 1556,
138

Philip IV (1605–65), King of Spain from 1621,
71
,
122

Philip V (1683–1746), Duc d'Anjou, King of Spain from 1700,
20
,
41
,
83
,
146
,
166
; birth,
78
; Fénelon becomes his tutor,
115
; claimant of the Spanish crown,
122
,
129
; left everything by Charles II of Spain,
137–8
; introduced to the French court as King of Spain,
138
; and his reign,
138–9
; war of the Spanish Succession and,
145
,
155–6
,
164
; his character,
149–50
; chooses Spain on death of his elder brother,
162
; confirmed on the Spanish throne,
164
,
165

Pignerol, Fortress of (Turin, Italy: French 1630–96),
10

Plaisirs de l'lle Enchantée
, fête, 1664: 12

Plato (c. 429–c. 347 BC): translated by Mme de Fontevrault,
31

Poisons scandal, 1670–82,
53–62

Poitiers (Vienne),
24
; Diane de,
see
Diane de Poitiers

Poland,
89
,
164

Polignac, Melchior de (1661–1742), Cardinal (1712),
147

Polignac, Vicomtesse de: involved in poisons scandal,
56
,
58

Polignac, Monsieur,
83

Pompadour, Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Marquise et Duchesse de (1721–64),
15
,
69

Pomponne, Simon Arnauld, Marquis de (1618–99),
21f

Pope,
see
Innocent XI; Innocent XII; Clement XI

Portland, Hans William Bentinck, 1st Earl of (1649–1709),
66
,
145
; Embassy to France,
123–31
; retires into private life,
131

Port-Royal, convent of, Paris,
98

Port-Royal des Champs, near Versailles, convent of,
98
,
110
,
117
,
142
,
153

Poulaillon, Mme de: involved in poisons scandal,
55f
,
57

Poussin, Nicolas (1594–1665),
22
,
39
,
71

Princes of the blood,
64
,
67
,
84

La Princesse de Cleves
(Mme de Lafayette: 1678),
147

The Princesses: Marie-Anne, Princesse de Conti; Louise-Françoise, Duchesse de Bourbon; and Françoise-Marie. Duchesse d'Orléans

Prior, Matthew (1664–1721),
124

Protestants: atrocities against and persecution of,
22
,
53
,
96–8
; protected by La Reynie,
54

Prussia,
96

Pyrenees,
48
,
138

Quatre Nations, Collège des,
23

Queen's staircase, Versailles,
32
,
75–82
,
158
,
169

Quietism,
117–21

Raby, Lord,
see
Strafford, Earl of

Racine, Jean (1739–99): quoted,
26
,
59
,
106
,
107
,
108
,
145
;
La Thébaide
,
93
; illness of his daughter Fanchon,
101
; in favour at court,
109
; a Jansenist at heart,
110
;
Esther
,
110
,
111–12
;
Athalie
,
114
; death,
142
; Madame,
110

Rambouillet (district of Paris), Château de, seat of the Comte de Toulouse,
133

Ramillies, Battle of (1706),
76
,
145
,
152

Rancé, Armand Jean Le Bouthillier de (1626–1700), Abbé de la Trappe,
39
,
95
,
133

Regent, the,
see
d'Orléans, Philippe II, Duc

Reni, Guido (1595–1642),
39

reversi, a favourite game of Louis XIV,
40

Revolution,
see
French Revolution

Rheims (Marne),
18

Rhine river,
16
,
20
,
66

Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, Duc de (1585–1642), Cardinal (1622),
22
,
103

Richelieu, Armand Jean de Vigneron du Plessis, Duc de Fronsac et de (1629–1715),
80

Richelieu, Marquis et Marquise: involved in poisons scandal,
56

Rigaud, Hyacinthe (1659–1743),
133

Rivarol (Antoine Rivaoli, called the Count of: 1753–1801), quoted,
70

Rochechouarts, the,
31

Roche-Guyon, Mme de La,
27

Rohan, Armand Gaston Maximilien de (1674–1749), Cardinal (1712),
48
,
168

Rohan family,
47

Rome: ancient,
17
,
24
; Church of,
118
,
120
; city of,
13
,
22
,
130
,
147

Roquelaure, Antoine Gaston Jean Baptiste, Duc de (1656–1738), Maréchal de France (1724),
86

Rouen, Archbishop of,
21

Roure, Comtesse du: involved in poisons scandal,
56
; Monsieur du,
83

Royaumont (district of Paris),
126

Rubens, Peter Paul (1577–1640),
39

Rueil (-Malmaison, District of Paris),
106
,
116
,
121

Ryswick, Peace of (1697),
123
,
143
,
144

Saint-Abré, Monsieur de, and his son,
66

Saint-Aignan, Duc de,
93
; Hôtel de, Paris,
94
,
118

St Albans, Charles Beauclerk, Duke of (1670–1726),
124

Saint-Cloud, Château de (district of Paris),
12
,
23
,
33f
,
44
,
126
,
130–1
,
134
,
141
,
142

Saint-Cyr (district of Paris),
9
,
106
; school at,
106–13
; turned into convent,
114–21
; Quietism at,
117–21
; Duchesse de Bourgogne attends,
135–6
; rationing in hard winter of 1709,
154
; Mme de Maintenon leaves Versailles for,
169

Saint-Denis (district of Paris),
26
,
162
; Abbey of,
107

Saint-Esprit, Order of the,
90
,
137
,
149

Saint-Eustache, Paris, the Duchess of Bourgogne at,
146

Saint-Georges, Chevalier de; pseudonym for James Francis Edward Stuart (q.v.)

Saint-Germain-en-Layer (District of Paris), Château of,
9
,
13
,
23
,
37
,
50
,
59
,
125
,
155
; M. de Montespan with horns on his coach drives to,
28
; James II at,
123
,
143
,
144

St James's Palace, London,
97

St James's Square, London,
130

Saint-Jean-de-Luz (Basses Pyrenées), Louis XIV fetches Marie-Thérèse from,
71

Saint Joseph, Convent of,
71

Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, Duc de (1675–1755),
35
,
38
,
40
,
90
,
94
,
132
,
148
,
150
,
158
,
159
,
167–8
; arrival at court,
98
; and Mme Guyon,
118
; takes Rigaud to La Trappe,
133

Saint-Sulpice, Paris,
93

sanitation at Versailles,
36

Sapieha of Lithuania, Prince,
89

Satan aids Mme de Montespan,
15
,
27
,
45
;
see also
Devil

Satory, heights of, near Versailles,
32

Savoy, Anne Marie (1669–1728), Duchess of,
35
; Victor Amadeus II (1666–1732), Duke of,
129
,
133
,
134
; changes sides,
145
,
164
; regains Savoy,
165

Saxony, Elector of,
see
Augustus II

Scarron, Paul (1610–60),
80
,
81
,
107
; for Mme Scarron,
see
Maintenon, Marquise de

Sceaux, Château de, near Paris,
23
,
89

sedan chairs at Versailles,
64

Séguier, Pierre (1588–1672),
11
,
22
,
127

Seignelay, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de (1651–90),
21
; Marquise de (née d'Aligre),
21

Seine river, frozen over (1698),
125
; and (1709),
153

Sens (Yonne), Archbishop of, uncle of M. de Montespan,
28

Sevigné, Marie de Rabutin Chantal, Marquise de (1626–96),
28
,
29f
,
81
,
86
,
93
; Clagny,
30
; on the Duc de Nevers,
31
; on Marie Thérèse,
33
; quoted,
46
; life at Versailles,
45f
,
47f
,
54
; on the Princesse de Conti,
84
; supports persecution of Protestants,
95
; attends performance of
Esther
,
112

Sèvres (district of Paris), mob stopped at (1709),
154

Siam, Catholic mission to,
96

‘Sibyls', the nickname for poisoners and fortune-tellers,
58

Sicily,
136

Sidney, Sir Philip (1554–86),
10

Siècle de Louis XIV
(Voltaire),
164

silver: called in by the King (1709),
154
; furniture,
68

smallpox: caught by Marie-Anne, Princesse de Conti, passed on to her husband,
86
; caught by the Duchesse de Bourbon,
88
,
104
; treatment of,
100f
; kills the Dauphin,
158
; at Versailles,
161
; Joseph I dies of,
164
; two sons of Beauvilliers die of,
166

sodomy and sodomites,
31
,
59
,
124
,
151
; Louis XIV's abhorrence of,
34
,
59

Soissons, Eugène Maurice de Savoie-Carignan, Comte de (1633–73), m. Olympe Mancini (1657),
57

Soissons, Louis de Bourbon, Comte de (1604–41),
56

Soissons, Olympe Mancini, Comtesse de (1639–1708),
40
,
56f
,
58
,
61
,
93
,
112

Sorbonne, Paris, the Duc de Bourgogne visits,
149

Soubise, Anne de Rohan-Chabot, Princesse de (1648–1709), m. François de Rohan (1663),
45
,
47f
,
168
; dies of cold,
153

Soubise, François de Rohan, Prince de,
47

Soubise Hôtel, Paris,
48

South America,
129

Spain,
10
,
20
,
77
,
98
,
122
,
123
,
129
,
131
,
136–9
; Maulévrier sent to,
147
; Vendôme sent to,
152
,
164
;
see also
Charles II of Spain; Philip IV of Spain; Philip V of Spain; Marie-Louise-Gabrielle of Savoy

Spanheim, Ezekiel (1629–1710), Prussian Ambassador,
77
,
86
,
93
,
95f
,
98
; on Bourgogne, Anjou and Berri,
149–50

Spanish Empire,
122
,
129
,
136
;
see also
Partition treaties

Spanish Netherlands,
15
,
17
,
122
,
129
,
136
,
138
,
165

Spanish Succession,
122
,
128–9
,
130
,
131
,
136–9
; War of the (1702–13),
145
et seqq.,
164–5; Treaties of Utrecht,
165

squirrel, Fouquet's emblem,
18

stables at Versailles,
64

Stair, John Dalrymple, and Earl of (1683–1747), Ambassador in Paris (1715–20),
166

Stanhope, James Stanhope, 1st Earl (1683–1721),
156

Steinkirk, Battle of (1692),
84

Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Baron Raby, 3rd Earl of (1672–1739),
124

Strasbourg, altar cloth for cathedral,
107

Stuart, Mary (1631–60), m. 1641 William II of Orange,
16
; for William III's wife,
see
Mary II

Suisses, Pièce d'Eau des,
9
,
13
,
32

Sun King,
see
Louis XIV

surgeons and their methods,
102

surtout de table
,
130–1

Sweden,
98