The Sun King (33 page)

Dagobert, Good King (d. 639),
107

Dangeau, Philippe de Courcillon, Marquis de (1638–1720),
40
,
45f
,
90

Dangeau, Sophia Maria of Bavaria, Gräfin von Löwenstein, Marquise de (d. 1736),
95

Danzig,
89

Darbay, François (1634–97), architect,
23

Daubray, Chief of Paris police,
53f

Dauphin, Le Grand,
see
Louis (1661–1711)

Dauphine,
see
Victoire of Bavaria

Delobel brothers, embroiderers,
65

Denain, French victory of (1712),
153
,
165

Denmark,
145

Devil, the: live babies sacrificed to,
52
,
57
,
60
,
61
; personal appearance of,
58
; Mme de Montespan seeks to avoid,
132
;
see also
Satan

Dévolution, la Guerre de (1667–8),
15

Diane de Poitiers, Duchesse de Valentinois (1499–1566),
48

Divertissement
at Versailles (1664),
15f
,
29
; (1668),
27

Domenichino (1581–1641),
39

Dordogne river,
20

Doré, Mlle, a mistress of Louis XIV,
75

Douai (Nord), captured by Villars (1712),
165

Dreux, Mme, and poisons scandal,
56f

Dunkirk (Nord),
155
,
165

Dunlop, Ian, book on Versailles,
155

Esctasy of St Paul
(Poussin),
80

d'Effiat, Marquis (1638–1719), favourite of Monsieur,
34
,
130

Egypt,
16

Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate:
see
d'Orléans, Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Duchesse

Emperor(s),
see
Charles VI; Joseph I; Leopold I

d'Enghien, Mlle,
see
Vendôme, Duchesse de

England,
19
,
34
,
97f
; Portland's embassy to France,
123–31
; Louis acknowledges James Francis Edward as King of,
143–4
; and the War of the Spanish Succession,
145
,
151
,
155–6
; peace preliminaries signed (1711),
164
; gains,
165

envelope, or
enveloppe,
for Versailles, Le Vau's,
15f
,
23
,
32–41
,
63

d'Espinay, Elisabeth de Lorraine Lillebonne, Princesse (1664–1748),
148

Esther
(Racine), written for Saint-Cyr school,
110
,
111f

etiquette at Versailles,
40
,
124
,
127f
; at Marly,
41
; at Portland's embassy,
124

Eugène Francis of Savoy, called Prince Eugène (1663–1736), son of Olympe Mancini, comtesse de Soissons,
57
,
129
,
145
,
151
,
152
; Louis XIV refuses to take him into the army,
61
,
84
,
85
; defeated at Denain (1712),
165

Fagon, Guy Crescent (1638–1718), Louis XIV's principal doctor,
77
,
89
,
100f
,
102f
,
147
,
162
; named Premier Médecin du Roi,
103
; and William III,
103
; appearance,
103
; at Monsieur's deathbed,
141
,
143
; on Père Le Tellier,
153
; death of Louis XIV and,
166
,
167

Farnese, Palazzo, Rome,
22
,
130

fauteuils (for the Académie Française),
20

Félix, Charles François Tassy, called, court surgeon,
102
,
103
,
104

Fénelon, François de Salignac de La Mothe- (1651–1715), Archbishop of Cambrai from 1695,
94
,
96
,
106
,
112
,
150
,
152
; appointed tutor to the Dauphin's sons,
115
; and Mme de La Maisonfort,
117
; appointment to Cambrai,
119
; supports Mme Guyon,
118–20
; end of life at court,
120
,
149

Feydeau, Georges (1862–1921),
147

Filastre, Mme, witch,
52
,
60
; accuses Mme de Montespan of buying love filtres,
59

Flamarens, Marquis de,
34

Flanders, conquered by Louis XIV,
15
,
141
,
152

Foix, Duchesse de,
130

Fonpertuis, friend of Chartres,
98

Fontainebleau (District of Paris), Château of,
9
,
12
,
32f
,
38
,
47
,
77
,
78f
,
104
,
106
,
161
,
164
; Charles II of Spain's will reaches,
137

Fontanges, Marie-Adélaide de Scorailles de Roussilhe, Duchesse de (1661–81), a mistress of the King: Louis XIV sleeps with her,
51–2
; and Mme Voisin,
60
,
61
; loses the King's favour,
62
,
75
; death,
62
,
139
; and Mme de Maintenon,
81

Fontevrault, Mme de (d. 1704), Abbess of the convent of Fontevrault (sister of Mme de Montespan),
26
,
30f
,
150

Foscarini, Venetian ambassador,
139

Fouquet, Nicolas, Marquis de Belle-Isle, Comte de Melun et de Vaux (1615–80),
10f
,
22
,
23
,
29

Franche-Comté,
17

Francine (originally Francini), family of fountain builders,
25

François I (1494–1547), King of France from 1515,
39

François de Sale (1567–1622), Saint, canonized 1665,
40

Françoise-Marie de Bourbon (Mlle de Blois),
see
d'Orléans, Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, Duchesse

Franks,
18

French Revolution (1789),
25
,
41
,
65
,
68

Fronde (1648–53) and Frondeurs,
11f
,
37
,
87
,
98

Furnes (Belgium),
155

Gabriel, Jacques-Ange (1709–82), architect,
68

Galet, Monsieur, drug trafficker,
45
,
52
,
60
,
61

galleys and galley slaves,
75f

gambling at Versailles,
40
,
45f
,
145
; games played,
40

Gauls,
18
,
20

George I (1660–1727), King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1714,
34

George of Denmark, Prince (1653–1708), Consort of Queen Anne,
143

George Dandin
(Molière), first production,
15

Germany,
71
,
98
,
145

Ghent (Belgium): siege by Louis XIV (1678),
50
; Vendôme retires to,
152

Gibraltar awarded to England (1713),
165

Gide, André Paul Guillaume (1869–1951), quoted,
32

Giorgione, Giorgio (1477–1510),
39

Gisors, Louis Marie Fouquet, Comte de (1732–58),
10

Giustiniani, Venetian ambassador,
40

Glaces, Galerie des, Versailles,
22
,
32
,
41
,
63
,
73
,
86

Gobelin, Abbé, confessor of Mme de Maintenon,
46
,
79

Gobelin factory,
22

Godet des Marais, Paul (1647–1709), Bishop of Chartres, from 1690,
115–19
passim
,
120
,
146

‘God Save the King',
108f

gondolas at Versailles,
40
,
49

Gramont, Elizabeth Hamilton, Comtesse de (1641–1708),
56

Gramont, Marie-Christine de Noailles, Comtesse de Guiche, Duchesse de (1672–1748),
161

Gramont, Philibert, Comte et Maréchal de (1621–1707),
44

Grand Alliance (1701),
144
; terms offered to Louis XIV in 1709,
155–6

Grand Appartement, Versailles,
39f
,
45
; new King of Spain sleeps in (1700),
138

Grand Dauphin,
see
Louis (1661–1711)

Grande Mademoiselle,
see
Montpensier, Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchesse de

grass snake (Colbert's emblem),
18

Greenwich Hospital: the Duchesse de La Force leaves her fortune to,
97

Grignan, Françoise-Marguerite de Sévigné, Comtesse de (1646–1705),
45f

Guercino (squint eye) (Giovanni Francesco Barbiere, 1591–1666, nicknamed II),
39

Guibourg, unfrocked priest involved in poisons scandal,
60

Guiche, Comtesse de,
see
Gramont, Marie-Christine de Noailles, Duchesse de

Guyon du Chesnoy, Jeanne-Marie Bouvier de La Motte, Mme (1648–1717),
117–20
passim

The Hague,
16

Les Halles, Paris,
146

d'Harcourt, Henri I, Marquis de Beuvron, Duc et Maréchal (1654–1718),
131
,
137

Harlay de Champvallon, François de (1625–95), Archbishop of Paris from 1671: celebrates the marriage of Louis XIV and Mme de Maintenon,
78

Hastings, Lord,
124

Hébert, Curé of Versailles,
112

Heinsius, Antonius (1641–1720), Pensionary of Holland,
128

Henri III (1551–89), King of France from 1574,
33

Henri IV (1553–1610), King of France from 1589,
14
,
25
,
71
,
80
,
84
,
95
,
127
,
150

Henrietta of England,
see
d'Orléans, Henrietta, Duchesse

Henry VIII (1491–1547), King of England from 1509,
92
,
143

l'Herminot, Monsieur, embroiderer,
65

Hocca (a kind of roulette),
40

Holland,
16f
,
98
,
123
,
127
; richest country in Europe,
19f
; visit of
William III and Tallart to,
130
; and the War of the Spanish Succession,
145

‘holy flock' (or holy set),
118
,
120

hounds at Versailles,
64
,
126

d'Hozier, Pierre (1592–1660), the King's genealogist,
21
,
107

Hungary,
85

hunting,
64
,
67f
,
71
,
104
,
124
,
126
,
149
,
150
,
152
,
166
,
167

Ile-de-France,
65
; all wolves killed,
71

illness and death at Versailles,
100

Les Indes,
122

India,
20

infant mortality,
101–2

Innocent XI, Benedetto Odescalchi (1611–89), Pope from 1676,
23
,
78
,
85
,
96
,
107

Innocent XII, Antonio Pignatelli (1615–1700), Pope from 1691,
116
,
120
,
137
,
144

Instructions pour les Jardins Fruitiers et Potagers
(Jean de La Quintinie),
24

Ireland,
20
,
143

Iron Mask, the Man in the,
37
,
169

‘Italian vice',
see
sodomy and sodomites

Italy,
19
,
23
,
122
,
164
; French retreat from, in the War of the Spanish Succession,
145

Jacques, Frère,
see
Baulot, Jacques

James II (1633–1701), King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1685–88),
20
,
76
,
112
,
115
,
123
,
125
,
126
,
129
,
136
; Louis XIV's treatment of,
123
,
143–4
; death,
143

James Francis Edward Stuart (1688–1766), the Old Pretender,
145
,
150
; Louis XIV acknowledges him as King,
143–4
; Louis XIV ‘no longer to harbour him',
165

Jansenists and Jansenism,
98
,
110
,
120
,
142
,
164

Jansenius, Cornelius (1585–1638), Bishop of Ypres,
98

Jersey, Edward Villiers, 1st Earl of (1656–1711),
87

Jersey, Barbara Chiffinch, Countess of,
87
,
97

Jesuits,
76
,
95
,
112
,
120
,
153
; Duchesse de Bourgogne's dislike of,
161

Joseph I (1678–1711), Holy Roman Emperor from 1705: dies of smallpox,
164

Knox, Ronald Arbuthnot Hilary (1888–1957),
118

La Bruyère, Jean de (1624–1709),
92
,
141

La Chaise, François d'Aix de 1624–1709), Louis XIV's confessor from 1674,
76
,
78
,
92
,
95
,
98
,
104
; and the Saint-Cyr school,
107
,
112
; dies from cold,
153

Lafayette, Marie-Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, Comtesse de (1634–92),
29
,
112

La Force, Henri Jacques Nompar, Duc de Caumont et de (d. 1699),
97

La Force, Louis Joseph Nompar de Caumont, Duc de (1768–1838),
97

La Force, Suzanne de Beringhen, Duchesse de (d. 1731),
97

La Maisonfort, Elise de,
116f
; and Mme Guyon,
117–20
passim
; astounds Bossuet,
119
; sent away from Saint-Cyr,
120

Lambert Hôtel, Paris,
22

Langlée, member of the court circle,
45

Languedoc, Duc de Maine made governor of,
89

La Quintinie, Jean de (1626–88),
24

La Reynie, Nicolas Bagriel de (1625–1709), Chief of Paris Police,
54
,
75
; forbids Hocca,
40
; and poisons scandal,
54
et seqq
.

La Rochefoucauld, François, Duc de (1613–80), quoted,
122

La Roche-sur-Yon, Prince de,
see
Conti, Prince François Louis de

Lassay, Marquis de, and Mme la Duchesse,
159

Lastic, Mlle de: name used at school by the Duchesse de Bourgogne,
135

La Trappe Monastery (Orne),
133
;
see also
Trappists

Launay, Nicolas de (1647–1737), jeweller,
131
,
154

Lauzun, Antoine Nompar de Caumont, Marquis de Puyguilhem, Count, afterwards Duc de (1632–1723),
167
; pretends to be Montespan's lover,
28
; smuggles her child out of Saint-Germain,
29
,
93
; in prison,
37
; and Louis XIV,
38
; in old age,
101

La Vallière, Louise de La Baume Le Blanc, Duchesse de (1644–1710),
36
,
37
,
51
,
141
; Louis XIV falls in love with,
9
,
33
; recognized as titular mistress,
14f
,
26
; the King's interest wanes,
27
,
28
; goes to Chaillot,
28
,
30; leaves court and becomes a Carmelite nun,
39
,
86
,
93
,
94

La Vrillière, Françoise de Mailly, Marquise de,
147
,
148
,
149

Le Brun, Charles (1619–90), artist,
11
,
18
,
22f
,
26
,
39

Leféron, Mme, and poisons scandal,
56f

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716),
16
,
111

L'Enclos, Ninon (Anne) de (1616–1705),
81
,
126–7

Le Nôtre, André (1613–1700), gardener,
11
; lays out Versailles town,
16
,
18
; his relations,
23
; Louis XIV's liking for,
23f
; at Clagny,
30
,
47
,
101

Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519),
39

Leopold I (1640–1705), Archduke of Austria, Holy Roman Emperor, 1658,
85
,
122
; claims whole Spanish inheritance,
136–7

Lesage and poisons scandal,
59

Le Tellier, Michel (1603–85), father of Louvois,
22

Le Tellier, Père Michel (1643–1719), a Jesuit, Louis XIV's confessor,
153
,
168
,
179

lettres de cachet
: in poisons scandal,
60
,
107
; against Mme de Brinon,
111

Le Vau, Louis (1612–70), architect,
11
,
15
,
18
,
22f
,
63f

Liard family, mole-catchers,
25

Lille (Nord): besieged, 1667,
27
,
66
; lost by Bourgogne (1708),
152
,
155
,
160

Liselotte,
see
d'Orléans, Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Duchesse

Lister, Martin (c. 1638–1712), zoologist,
102

London,
124
; Duchesse de La Force escapes to,
97
; Tallart sent to,
129–30

Loo, Treaty of (First Partition Treaty: 1698),
131
,
136

Lorges, Guy de Durfort, Comte, later Duc de Quintin et de (1630–1702), Maréchal de,
102

L'Orme, Monsieur de (1584–1678), doctor,
102

Lorraine, Philippe de

Lorraine-Armagnac, called the Chevalier de (1643–1702), favourite of Monsieur,
34
,
90
,
126
,
130

Louis XIII (1601–43), King of France from 1610: 9f,
14
,
68
,
70
,
102

Louis XIV (1638–1715), King of France from 1643: frontispiece portrait by Rigaud; falls in love with Versailles and with Louise de La Vallière,
9
; visits Fouquet,
10
; marries,
10
; love of the country and sport,
12
; appearance,
13
; Aragon ancestors,
13
,
14
; conquest of Flanders,
15
; three principal love affairs,
15
; attacks Holland,
16f
; secures Franche-Comté,
17
; Mazarin's bequest,
18
; and Colbert 18
et seqq.
; liking for Le Nôtre,
23
; and La Quintinie,
24
; succumbs to Mme de Montespan,
27
; confers benefits on Montespan's family,
30
; prolonged visits to Versailles begin,
32
; attitude to his Queen,
33
; love for Monsieur,
33
; harshness,
37–9
,
160–1
; upset by Duc du Maine's cowardice,
38
; his pictures,
39
; games at Court,
40
; builds Marly,
40–1
; Mme Scarron's interest in his soul,
42
,
45
; his passing fancies,
47f
; revived interest in Montespan,
48
; besieges Ghent,
50
; declares Versailles the seat of government,
53
,
63
; and the poisons scandal,
53–62
; his day at Versailles,
67–8
; at birth of Duc de Bourgogne,
73
; his religion,
75–8
; and the Queen's death,
77
; second marriage,
78
; his name for Mme de Maintenon,
82
; and the young men who went to fight the Turks,
85
; exiles the Bouillons,
85f
; and François-Louis, Prince de Conti,
85
; revocation of the Edict of Nantes,
85
,
95–8
; on Catholic missions,
96
; dislike of Jansenists,
98
; and the doctors,
102–3
; his health,
103–5
; and school of Saint-Cyr,
104–14
; opinion of Mme Guyon,
120f
; and the Spanish succession,
122
et seqq
,
128–9
; receives Portland,
125
,
128
,
131
; treatment of James II,
125
,
143
; sends Tallart to London,
129–30
; and the Duchesse of Bourgogne,
133–5
,
147–8
; on the death of Louvois,
136
; receives the will of Charles II of Spain,
137–8
; introduces Anjou as King of Spain,
138
; quarrel with Monsieur and remorse at his death,
140–2
; death of Racine,
142
; and of Bontemps,
142–3
; acknowledges James Francis Edward as king,
143–4
; and the War of the Spanish Succession,
145
et seqq;
hears of Montespan's death,
150
; Vendôme as favourite of,
151
; new confessor,
153
; and death of Conti,
153–4
; rejects peace terms offered in 1709,
155–6; and Grand Dauphin's death,
157–9
; grief at death of Duchesse de Bourgogne,
161–2
; disbelieves in alleged poisoning of Bourgogne family,
162
; forces Paris Parlement to declare his bastards eligible to reign,
163
; and Unigenitus Papal Bull,
163–4
; Treaties of Utrecht signed,
165
; left with one legitimate descendant,
166
; his death,
166–9

Louis XIV
(Voltaire),
96

Louis XV (1710–74), King of France from 1715: 10,
22
,
25
,
42
,
67
,
68f
,
130
,
154
,
163
,
167
; catches measles and is saved by Mme de Ventadour,
162
; delicacy of,
162
,
166
; Louis XIV's dying injunction to,
168–9

Louis XVI (1754–93), King of France (1774–92),
32
,
36
,
69
,
169

Louis (1661–1711), the Grand Dauphin,
27
,
41
,
132
, 254; and his sons,
78
,
83
; Bossuet his tutor, Montausier his governor,
42
; his hounds,
64
,
71
; his collections and way of life,
67
,
70–2
,
86
; marriage to Victoire of Bavaria,
72
,
83
; to Mlle de Choin,
87
; sees ghost of Henrietta of Orléans,
92
; cuts off his hair,
104
; attends performances of
Esther
at Saint-Cyr,
112
; and Spanish succession,
122
,
131
,
137
,
138
; hunts with Portland,
126
; and the Duchesse de Bourgogne,
134
,
135
; speaks in favour of Anjou's claim to Spanish throne,
137
,
138
; catches smallpox and dies,
157–9

Louisa Maria Theresa, Princess (d. 1712), daughter of James II and Mary of Modena,
143

Louise-Françoise de Bourbon (Mlle de Nantes),
see
Bourbon,

Louise-Françoise, Duchesse de

Louis-Philippe (1773–1850), King of the French (1830–48),
68f

Louvois, François Michel Le Tellier, Marquis de (1641–91),
21f
,
38
,
92
,
104
,
145
; and the poisons scandal,
55
,
59
; excesses against the Protestants,
22
,
96
; death,
136
; Mme de,
50

Louvre,
9
,
11ff,
23
; pictures in the,
39
,
80

Louvre, Cour du, Versailles,
see
Marbre, Cour de

Low Countries,
57
,
129

Löwenstein, Sophia Maria of Bavaria, Gräfin von,
see
, Dangeau, Marquise de

Lude, Marguerite-Louise de Béthune-Sully, Duchesse du (1643–1726), lady in waiting to the Duchesse de Bourgogne,
135
,
138
, 247

Ludres, Mme Marie Isabelle de (called La Belle du Ludre) (1638–1726),
48f

Lully, Jean-Baptiste (1632–87),
40
,
109

Luxembourg, François de Montmorency-Bouteville, Duc et Maréchal de (1625–95),
58f
,
86
,
87