The Sultan and the Queen: The Untold Story of Elizabeth and Islam (61 page)

Socrates, 277

Solovetsky Monastery, 247

Soltana, Aura, 44, 54

Songhai, Muslim kingdom of, 171–72

Spain:

American colonies of, 28, 45, 126, 171–72, 263, 271, 291

and Barbary trade, 56, 57, 153

and Habsburg Empire, 72

and Holy League, 64, 70

and invasion of France, 181

Jewish
conversos
in, 58, 128

Jews expelled from, 127

and Low Countries, 34, 123

military alliances against, 6–7, 17, 114, 123–25, 129, 131, 143–45, 147, 148–50, 153–54, 168–72, 182, 193, 195, 259, 261–64, 265–66, 268–71

military intelligence about, 118–19

Muslims in, 25

Ottoman peace treaty with, 96–97

peace negotiations with, 288–89, 290–92

trade competitors with, 70, 82–83, 112–13, 115, 116, 121, 123, 233

Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, 34

Treaty of London, 288–89

war with England, 193–95, 196

Spanish Armada (1588), 6, 123–25, 129, 137, 142–43, 145–46, 147–51, 153, 163, 181

Spanish Armada (1596), 195

Spanish Company, 84

Spanish Inquisition, 70

Staper, Richard, 74, 84, 97, 104, 113, 119

Stow, John, 265, 268–69

Stukeley, Sir Thomas, 75–76, 78, 165, 240

Sufism, 37, 39, 48, 213

dervishes, 86

Süleyman I (the Magnificent), Sultan, 49, 53, 85, 87, 163, 199

alliance with France, 9, 15, 25–26, 62

and Barbarossa, 17

campaign against Safavid Empire, 35–36, 39–40, 51, 52

death of, 62

successors to, 62–63

Surtees, Rev. Scott, 256

Swallow
(ship), 46, 95, 139

Swan Theatre, 106

Symcot, John, 115–17, 119–20

Syria, trade with, 4

Tahmasp I, Shah, 39, 45, 47, 48–53, 68, 73, 237

Talib, ‘Ali ibn Abi, 36–37, 49, 240, 272

Talib, Husayn, 37

Tangarffe, Moor chief, 59

Tatar warlords, 42

Temryukovna, Maria, 46

theater, 105–10, 155–67, 172–77, 271–89, 293–98

Alphonsus, King of Aragon,
173

Battle of Alcazar,
163–65, 166, 189, 210–11

censorship of, 106

A Christian Turned Turk,
297

first playhouses (1576), 105

iambic pentameter in, 157–58

interest in Islamic world in, 6, 105, 106, 110, 162, 166, 272, 298

The Jew of Malta,
174–76, 178, 188, 190, 196, 200

liberties (open-air), 106

Lust’s Dominion; or The Lascivious Queen
, also known as
The Spanish Moor’s Tragedy,
272–74, 275

mystery-play cycles, 22, 212–13

pageantry, 28

Poulter’s measure used in, 157

The Renegado,
297

Sir Thomas More,
293–95

The Spanish Tragedy,
163

Tamburlaine,
6, 155–59, 160–63, 165, 172–74, 178, 210, 212, 281, 284, 288

Three Ladies of London,
106–10, 113, 114, 156, 157, 196, 200

Tragicall Reign of Selimus,
172–73, 188

Travailes of the Three English Brothers,
297–98

see also
Shakespeare, William

Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648), 291

Thomson, George, 259, 281

Thomson, Jasper, 257–60, 281

Thomson, Richard, 257

Thorne, Robert, 28–29

Timur, 156

Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, 34

Treaty of Lausanne (1923), 96

Treaty of London, 288–89

Treaty of Nonsuch, 123

Turkey Company, 105, 113–14, 118, 121, 122, 131, 134, 145, 193, 204

Turkish carpets, 206

Turkish republic, birth of, 96

Turks:

and Battle of Lepanto, 64–65, 289

depicted in theater, 287–88, 297

“Memorandum on the Turkey Trade,” 82–83, 96

Ottoman Turks, 46, 47, 82

and Persian shah, 51–52, 53, 242–43

trade with England, 93–94, 104–5, 112, 113, 121–22, 218

use of term, 5, 20, 22

war against, 25, 26

see also
Constantinople

Tyrone, Hugh O’Neill, Earl of, 248

Umar, Caliph, 38, 49, 242

Umayyad dynasty, 37

Usman, Caliph, 38

Ustajlu, Abdullah-Khan, 47–48, 50, 52–53

Uthman, Caliph, 49, 242

Uzbeks:

Persian defeat of, 237, 238, 242

threats from, 48

Venice:

and anti-Ottoman alliance, 38, 39, 64, 119

Sherley’s travels to, 232–33, 234, 254–55

trade with Ottoman Empire, 9, 25, 47, 62, 72

Venice Company, 204

Vermeyen, Jan, 17

Verstegen, Richard,
A Declaration of the True Causes of the Great Troubles,
182–84, 186

Virgil,
Aeneid,
229, 296

Virginia Company, 291

Walsingham, Francis:

aging of, 181

and Anglo-Ottoman trade, 65, 72, 82, 124

and anti-Spanish alliance, 123–25, 129

and Capitulations, 183

death of, 141

and Hakluyt, 217

and Harborne, 96, 102, 118, 123–24, 141, 142–46

intelligence networks of, 84, 118, 124, 125, 162, 168

and Leicester, 117, 120

“Memorandum on the Turkey trade” (1578), 82–83, 96

and Moroccan trade, 68, 71, 72, 73, 82–83, 115–17, 119–20

and Portugal, 65, 83

and unregulated trade, 103–4, 115–17, 120

Ward, John, 297

Waring, John, 259, 260

Warner, William,
Albion’s England,
54–55

Warren, Sir Ralph, 205

Warwick, Robert Rich, 1st Earl of, 121

Wattasid dynasty, 56

Wazzan, al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad al- (Leo Africanus), 268, 282

Webbe, Edward, 140–41

West, John, 205

Wheeler, John,
Treatise of Commerce,
104

White Sea, trade route via, 41, 43

Whyte, Rowland, 261, 262

Williams, John, 66–67

Willoughby, Sir Hugh, 30, 34, 40

Wilson, Robert,
The Three Ladies of London,
106–10, 113, 114, 156, 157, 196, 200

World War II, 188

Wright, Edward, 226

Wright, John, 74, 84

Wyatt, Sir Thomas, 15, 16

Wyndham, Thomas, 56–57

Zenden, Casper van, 270

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