The Sugar Barons (71 page)

p. 211

‘It will be very hard with this Island’: Redwood Library Archive, Newport.

p. 211

‘furnish’d his Cellars with Wine & liquors’: Walduck, ‘T. Walduck’s Letters from Barbados’, 139.

p. 211

‘the Queen must send some other unfortunate devil here to be roasted in the sun’: Parke to the Council of Trade, 28 August 1706, PRO CO 152/6, no. 63.

p. 212

‘I am deservedly punished for desiring to be a Governor’: Aspinall,
West Indian Tales of Old
, 29.

p. 212

‘the plague, the pestilence and bloody flux’: ibid., 27.

p. 212

‘a rich little Island, but here are but few people’:
Cal Col
1706, no. 519.

p. 212

‘I think I have the good fortune to please the people, except Colonel Codrington’: Aspinall,
West Indian Tales of Old
, 29.

p. 212

was plotting to recover his governorship:
Cal Col
1708–9, nos. 5, 116, 194.

p. 212

‘enraged with Envy, at Colonel Parke’s being preferr’d before him’: French,
Answer to a Scurrilous Libel
, 24.

p. 212

‘I continue my resolution of leaving the Indies’: Harlow,
Christopher Codrington
, 191.

p. 213

‘infused Fears and jealousises into the Minds of the People’: French,
Answer to a Scurrilous Libel
, 24.

p. 213

‘attempting to debauch some of the Chief women of the Island’: Walduck, ‘T. Walduck’s Letters from Barbados’, 139.

p. 213

‘expect the Queen should do everything for them’: Aspinall,
West Indian Tales of Old
, 28.

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‘a mungrill race … among the slaveish sooty race’:
Cal Col
1710, nos. 391, 677.

p. 213

‘layd two bastards to him, but she giving him the pox, he turned her off’:
Cal Col
1708–9, no. 532.

p. 213

‘pocket-pistoles’ … ‘his person and authority in contempt’: Aspinall,
West Indian Tales of Old
, 36.

p. 213

Parke requested that she change her name to his, and that anyone marrying her also become a Parke. Flannigan,
Antigua and the Antiguans
, 340–1.

p. 214

‘he continu’d to refresh the Dissensions he had sown’: French,
Answer to a Scurrilous Libel
, 24.

p. 214

‘insidious, restless, meddling’, addicted to gambling: Lucas Mss,
JBMHS
15, 190.

p. 214

‘made prizes of them contrary to Law … sure to feel his resentments’: Walduck, ‘T. Walduck’s Letters from Barbados’, 139.

p. 214

‘his estate goes to those he mortally hated before he died’:
Cal Col
1710–11, no. 228.

p. 214

‘the author and contriver of all this vilany against me’: Aspinall,
West Indian Tales of Old
, 41.

p. 215

‘bruised his head, and broke his back with the butt end of the pieces’:
Cal Col
1710–11, no. 783.

p. 215

‘One Turnor a farrier’: ibid., no. 677.

p. 216

before marrying the daughter of the wealthy Antiguan planter: Oliver,
History of the Island of Antigua
, 3:46.

p. 216

‘the 3 barrels of bread and 3 barrels of beer’: Redwood to Dickinson, 11 February 1711, Redwood Archive, Redwood Library, Newport, RI.

p. 218

A census carried out by Governor Parke in 1708:
Cal Col
1706–8, nos. 1383, 1396; Oliver,
History of the Island of Antigua
, 1:lxxviii.

p. 219

‘The Passions of the Mind’: Sloane,
A Voyage to the Islands
1:xxxi
.

p. 219

‘to succeed to the Government of Jamaica’:
Cal Col
1696–7, no. 1368.

p. 219

sworn in as Receiver General in November 1696 ‘on giving the usual security’: ibid., no. 344.

p. 219

‘This Eve Mr Lewis [the Deputy Judge Advocate] was unfortunately killed’: PRO CO 134/4,
p. 222
.

p. 220

‘immediately dyed (his sword not being drawn out of the scabbard)’:
Cal Col
1699, nos. 435, 449, 466; 1698, no. 86.

p. 220

‘To say the Truth, our young Squires are not much afraid of the Courts of Justice’: Leslie,
A New and Exact Account of Jamaica
, 42.

p. 220

‘by the interest that was made he … came off too without damage’:
Cal Col
1708–9, no. 452.

p. 220

‘a people very capricious, jealous, and difficult to manage’:
Cal Col
1702, no. 267.

p. 220

‘caused himself to be proclaimed [Lieutenant-Governor of Jamaica], saying to the Assembly’: Cundall,
Historic Jamaica
, 359.

p. 220

‘without any reluctancye of the people’:
Cal Col
1702, no. 323.

p. 220

‘generally disliked’:
Cal Col
1702, no. 267.

p. 220

‘I have not heard one man speak well of him since I came to the Island’:
Cal Col
1693–6, no. 2021.

p. 221

news of which reached Jamaica in July 1702:
Cal Col
1702–3, no. 743.

p. 221

he implied that he had been part of the famous attack by Morgan 30 years earlier:
Cal Col
1702–3, no. 1056.

p. 221

‘we were served so the last war and felt the unhappy consequence of it’: ibid.

p. 221

‘maintain things in a quiet and good posture’: ibid., no. 978.

p. 221

‘the Government of this Island now is entirely in the hands of the Planters’: Admiral Benbow to Secretary of State James Vernon, 1 June 1702, PRO CO 137/45.

p. 221

‘a brave and resolute officer’: Renny,
An History of Jamaica
, 47.

p. 221

‘ready … on all occasions to express my duty to her majesty’:
Cal Col
1702–3, no. 275.

p. 221

returned by no fewer than three different parishes, choosing to sit for St Elizabeth: Cundall,
Historic Jamaica
, 360–1.

p. 222

Thomas also married an heiress, Mary Ballard: Redding,
Memoirs of William Beck-ford
, 1:5.

p. 222

‘thro’ the infirmity of his age’:
Cal Col
1704–5, no. 1168.

p. 222

‘I am of opinion I have had a snake in my bosom all this while’:
Cal Col
1704–5, no. 1303.

p. 222

‘Col. Beckford and his two sons, whom he has got into the House; they have been both tried for murder’:
Cal Col
1706–8, no. 678.

p. 222

‘the chief contriver and promoter of faction and discord’:
Cal Col
1720–1, no. 562.

p. 222

‘fell into such warm debates … that they put the whole Town into an uproar’:
Cal Col
1710–11, no. 187.

p. 223

three in a hundred of the population survived beyond the age of 60: Dunn,
Sugar and Slaves
, 332.

p. 223

‘sober’ hard-working and ‘fit’:
Cal Col
1681–5, p. 590.

p. 223

‘early risers, temperate livers in general, inured to moderate exercise, and avoiders of excess in eating’: Long,
History of Jamaica
, 1:375.

p. 224

a further 3,593 acres in his own name: Sheridan, ‘Planter and Historian’, 38.

p. 224

the household goods and furniture inside the mansion were valued after Charles’s death at only £213: J. Arch. Inventories, Book 12, Charles Drax, inventory dated 7 March 1722.

p. 225

‘in a furrow, near her, generally to the sun and rain, on a kid skin, or such rags as she can procure’: Ramsay,
Essay on the Treatment and Conversion of African Slaves
, 89.

p. 225

‘wear them out before they became useless, and unable to do service; and then to buy new ones to fill up their places’: Martin and Spurrel,
Journal of a Slave Trader
, 112.

p. 226

more than 20 times that of Charles Drax’s Great House: Sheridan, ‘Planter and Historian’, 39.

p. 226

he owned 1,737 slaves outright and had part-ownership in another 577: J. Arch. Inventories, Books 19–21; Watts,
West Indies
, 345.

p. 226

the ‘chief actor in all the unhappy differences in the country’: Cundall,
Historic Jamaica
, 361.

p. 226

‘the chief, and allmost absolute Leader’:
Cal Col
1716–17, no. 357c.

p. 226

‘of most violent and pernishious principalls’:
Cal Col
1715, no. 302iii.

p. 226

‘ye younger Beckford just at ye close of ye Assembly, had like to have murdered Mr Tho. Wood’:
Cal Col
1712–14, no. 149.

p. 227

Peter Beckford be given his ‘protection and favour’:
Cal Col
1713, no. 276.

p. 227

Beckford, who now waved them in the Governor’s face, along with his new appointment from London:
Cal Col
1722–3, no. 142.

p. 227

Beckford soon had his revenge, reporting Lawes for illegal trading.
Cal Col
1722–3, no. 256.

p. 227

Cargill had been ‘justly provoked’ to defend his honour: Leslie,
A New and Exact Account of Jamaica
, 298.

p. 227

by the 1730s he was owed £135,000 by 128 other planters: Sheridan, ‘Planter and Historian’, 39.

p. 228

By 1720, there were nearly 150 British ships engaged in the slave trade: Thomas,
Slave Trade
, 243.

p. 229

‘sickly seasons; and when the small pox … happens to be imported’: Robertson,
A Detection of the State and Situation
, 44.

p. 229

the Barbados planters imported 85,000 new slaves in order to lift the black population on the island from 42,000 to 46,000: Dunn,
Sugar and Slaves
, 314.

p. 229

‘scarcely had room to turn’: Equiano,
Interesting Narrative,
55.

p. 230

‘a slaughterhouse, Blood, filth, misery, and diseases’: quoted in Brown,
Reaper’s Garden
, 44.

p. 230

losing on average a fifth of their complement each voyage: Thomas,
Slave Trade
, 309.

p. 230

‘Think of the wretched Irish peasantry! Think of the crowded workhouses!’ one trader wrote: Crow,
Memoirs
, 176–7.

p. 230

‘civilized people’: Atkins,
A Voyage to Guinea, Brasil, and the West Indies,
57.

p. 230

‘the credulity of the Whites’: ibid., 129.

p. 230

‘to a Land flowing with more Milk and Honey … offending against the laws of natural Justice and Humanity’: ibid., 176–7.

p. 231

‘it is not unfrequent for him who sells you Slaves to-day’: ibid., 151.

p. 231

‘the natives no longer occupy themselves with the search for gold’: quoted in Brown,
Reaper’s Garden
, 35.

p. 231

180,000 guns had been sold into the Gold Coast and Bight of Benin areas: ibid., 35.

p. 231

‘illegal and unjust’: Atkins,
A Voyage to Guinea, Brasil, and the West Indies,
121.

p. 231

‘an extensive Evil … Infringements on the Peace and Happiness of Mankind’: ibid., 149.

p. 232

to ‘impress Men from the Merchant-Ships’: ibid., 261.

p. 232

‘surprised and bound him in the night’: ibid., 72–3.