THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES (161 page)

Bohlen, Charles (1904 – 1974): U.S. diplomat,
57
,
834

Bolingbroke, Viscount Henry St. John (1678 – 1751): British minister of state (1710 – 1714),
521 – 5
,
539
,
868

Bolshevik Revolution: 1917 – 1918 seizure of Russian government by communists,
19
,
24
,
27
,
31

Bonaparte, Napoleon,
see
Napoleon I

Bosnia,
7
,
37
,
161
,
252
,
269
,
271 – 2
,
283
,
288
,
297 – 8
,
311
,
313
,
316
,
325
,
365
,
411
,
413
,
415 – 18
,
420 – 50
,
452 – 66
,
468

Bossuet, Jacques-Benigne (1627 – 1704): French bishop and author,
117
,
121

Boutros-Ghali, Boutros (1922– ): Egyptian diplomat; U.N. secretary-general (1992 – 1996),
451
,
459
,
462

Bracken, Paul,
16
,
315

Branch Davidian case,
237

Bretton Woods (1944): international conference that established currency fixed exchange rates in the wake of World War II,
220 – 1
,
316

Brezhnev Doctrine (1968): asserted Soviet right to intervene in the domestic politics of Eastern European countries in order to prop up communist governments,
166

Brodie, Bernard (1910 – 1978): U.S. intellectual, author of
The Absolute Weapon
(1946),
12 – 14
,
80

Brzezinski, Zbigniew Kazimierz (1928– ):
U.S. National Security Advisor (1977 – 1981),
257 – 8
,
847
,
890

Buchanan, Patrick,
247
,
846

Bull, Hedley: Oxford professor of international relations,
246
,
357
,
513 – 4
,
846
,
853
,
864
,
867
,
890
,
900

Burke, Edmund (1729 – 1797): British politician; political philosopher,
177
,
334
,
503
,
852

Bush, George H. W. (1924- ):
U.S. president (1989 – 1993),
10
,
243
,
248
,
280
,
428
,
431
,
612
,
626 – 32
,
634
,
716
,
862
,
877
,
901

Bush, George W. (1946– ): U.S. president (2001– ),
222
,
253
,
276
,
278
,
288
,
340
,
667
,
814
,
845
,
858
,
859

Cable News Network (CNN),
304
,
428
,
430
,
442
,
697
,
782
,
862

Campbell, Susan,
439

caracole
: Spanish cavalry tactic,
99

Carrington, Lord (1919– ): British diplomat and politician;
British foreign secretary (1979 – 1982);
NATO secretary-general (1984 – 1988),
421
,
423
,
445
,
464

Carter Doctrine (1980): U.S. security guarantee to Persian Gulf oil producing states,
262

Carter, Ashton,
310
,
830
,
849 – 51
,
890

Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, 2nd Viscount (1769 – 1822): English diplomat and politician; represented Britain at Congress of Vienna (1814 – 1815),
160 – 73
,
179
,
184
,
200
,
385
,
544 – 5
,
548 – 9
,
551
,
553 – 6
,
559 – 62
,
575
,
612
,
676
,
841 – 2
,
869
,
889
,
894
,
900

Catalonia: region of Spain, including Barcelona,
120
,
470
,
750

Cavour, Camillo Benso, Conte di (1810 – 1861): Italian politician of
Risorgimento movement; prime minister of Sardinia (1852 – 1859, 1860 – 1861); first Italian prime minister (1861),
182 – 3
,
676

central deterrence: relationship between powers that protects a national homeland by targeting an adversary's homeland,
14
,
328
,
620

Chace, James,
256
,
847
,
891

Charles V (1500 – 1558): Habsburg ruler; king of Spain 1516 – 1556 as Charles I; Holy Roman Emperor (1519 – 1556),
103 – 6
,
109
,
126
,
128 – 9
,
155
,
279
,
487
,
489
,
491
,
494

Charles VIII (1470 – 1498): king of France (1483 – 1498),
80
,
96 – 7
,
107
,
346
,
486

Charter of Paris (1990): great power treaty recognizing free elections and democracy as the criteria for statehood and state responsibility for preserving human rights,
61
,
449
,
620
,
635 – 8
,
676
,
877

Charter of the United Nations (1945),
449
,
635
,
893

Chaumont, Treaty of (1814): restored the Bourbons in France to pre-war borders and perpetuated the defensive alliance between Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia,
160 – 1
,
164
,
166
,
545
,
556
,
564

Chetniks: Serbian partisans in World War II,
417 – 8
,
439

Chiang Kai-shek (1887 – 1975): Chinese general and politician;
national president of China (1928 – 1929);
president of Taiwan (1943 – 1949, 1950 – 1975),
51

China,
9
,
40 – 2
,
51 – 2
,
58 – 60
,
76
,
146
,
214
,
218
,
224
,
260 – 1
,
280
,
290 – 3
,
307
,
309
,
311 – 12
,
320
,
329
,
357
,
469 – 70
,
476
,
480
,
579
,
606
,
610
,
627
,
670
,
677
,
683 – 4
,
686 – 9
,
693
,
704
,
723 – 7
,
730
,
732 – 3
,
736 – 9
,
745
,
747 – 8
,
756
,
758 – 60
,
766
,
773
,
779 – 81
,
788
,
825
,
882

Christina (1626 – 1689): queen of Sweden during Peace of Westphalia,
503
,
866

Christopher, Warren Minor (1925– ): U.S. lawyer and diplomat; secretary of state (1993 – 1997),
423 – 4
,
444
,
455
,
457
,
460
,
464

Churchill, Winston Spencer (1874 – 1965): British politician and author; prime minister (1940 – 1945, 1951 – 1955);
British defense secretary (1940 – 1945, 1951 – 1952),
33
,
43
,
46
,
52
,
128
,
199
,
217
,
685
,
695
,
833
,
843
,
882
,
891
,
897

civil war,
6
,
19
,
22
,
24
,
29 – 31
,
39 – 40
,
51
,
59
,
89
,
106 – 8
,
122
,
177
,
188
,
196
,
203
,
205
,
216
,
271
,
290 – 1
,
335
,
359
,
368 – 9
,
375
,
380
,
406
,
424
,
431 – 4
,
438
,
449
,
466

Civitas Maxima
: Wolff's “Great State,” composed of what the individual state ought to and would agree to, as well as what states have actually agreed to either by custom or treaty,
530
,
534 – 5

Clark, Champ (1850 – 1921): U.S. politician, Speaker of the House (1911 – 1919),
372 – 3

Clausewitz, Karl von (1780 – 1831): German army officer and strategist; wrote
On War
(1833),
7
,
53
,
62 – 3
,
140
,
151
,
185
,
224
,
355
,
538 – 9
,
835
,
853
,
869
,
891

Clemenceau, Georges (1841 – 1929): French politician; prime minister (1906 – 1909, 1917 – 1920);
war minister (1917 – 1920),
216 – 17
,
391
,
400
,
402
,
406 – 7
,
409
,
576 – 7
,
608
,
844
,
872
,
891

Clinton, William Jefferson (1946– ):
U.S. president (1993 – 2001),
10
,
64
,
249
,
265
,
268–99
,
271 – 2
,
278
,
280
,
288
,
296 – 8
,
306
,
316 – 17
,
329
,
339 – 340
,
416
,
423 – 6
,
453 – 5
,
458
,
631
,
667
,
686
,
716
,
784
,
845
,
848
,
851
,
853
,
855
,
858
,
859
,
862
,
886
,
901

CNN effect,
428
,
697

coalitions of the willing,
268
,
310

Cohen, Eliot,
305
,
307
,
849 – 50
,
852

Colbert, Jean Baptiste (1619 – 1683):
French statesman;
made important treasury reforms, established French navy,
121
,
123 – 4

Cold War,
9
,
13
,
15
,
19
,
24
,
43 – 4
,
46
,
48 – 52
,
62 – 3
,
110
,
161
,
215
,
249
,
251
,
253
,
262
,
268
,
270 – 1
,
275 – 7
,
292 – 3
,
298
,
307
,
310
,
321
,
328 – 9
,
335
,
420
,
475
,
626
,
629
,
640
,
649
,
655
,
662
,
681
,
683
,
698
,
701 – 2
,
717
,
733
,
761
,
778
,
786

collective goods: things of benefit to a society as a whole;
to the society of states, such things as mutual security, public health, stable environmental and economic relations,
283
,
293
,
305
,
309 – 10
,
328
,
337
,
814
,
821

collective security: a system wherein a state pledges its national forces to defend the peace of an international (though not usually a universal) order,
155
,
161
,
163
,
168 – 9
,
172
,
183
,
200
,
233
,
253 – 4
,
257 – 8
,
260
,
262
,
265
,
271
,
279
,
286 – 7
,
360
,
383
,
475
,
477
,
504
,
517
,
523
,
525
,
540
,
546
,
551

communism,
9
,
24
,
27
,
29
,
31
,
37
,
39
,
42 – 3
,
56 – 9
,
215
,
244
,
260
,
332
,
379
,
384
,
446
,
571
,
607 – 8
,
610 – 12
,
614
,
622 – 3
,
626
,
630
,
655
,
673
,
675
,
678
,
698
,
702
,
781
,
875 – 6