The Second World War (153 page)

‘
Germans in cafés
’: JJG, 21.8.39

‘
the first impression in Berlin
’:
FRNH
, p. 9

‘
the corporal
’:
ibid.
, p. 10

‘
We had moved all
’: JJG, 25.8.39

‘
produced a lengthy document
’:
FRNH
, p. 17

‘
Grandmother dead
!’: Overy,
1939
, p. 68

2: ‘The Wholesale Destruction of Poland’

‘
here
The wholesale destruction of Poland’: Hitler, 22.8.39,
DGFP
, Series D, vol. vii, no. 193

‘
The dark forest
’: BA-MA, RH39/618, quoted Jochen Böhler,
Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg. Die Wehrmacht in Polen, 1939
, Frankfurt am Main, 2006, p. 52 Arrests in Danzig: Overy,
1939
, pp. 69–70

Danzig Anatomical Medical Institute and Stutthof
: GARF 9401/2/96 and RGVA 32904/1/19

German army three million men
:
GSWW
, vol. ii, p. 90

‘
the bulk of its forces
’: SHD-DAT, quoted Claude Quétel,
L’Impardonnable Défaite
, Paris, 2010, p. 196

francs-tireurs
and sabotage
: BA-MA RH37/1381; RH26-208/5, quoted Böhler,
Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg
, p. 40

‘
friendly to the Bolsheviks
’: NA II RG 242, T-79, R.131, 595

‘
swift and ruthless
’:
GSWW
, vol. ii, p. 82

here
Hitler to Reichstag: 1.9.39, Domarus, vol. ii, p. 1307

‘
The actual word
’: Anatole de Monzie,
Ci-devant
, Paris, 1941, quoted Quétel,
L’Impardonnable Défaite
, p. 204

‘
stupid and obstinate attitude
’: Georges Bonnet,
Dans la tourmente: 1938–1948
, Paris, 1971, quoted Quétel,
L’Impardonnable Défaite
, p. 195

‘
What now
?’: Paul Schmidt,
Hitler’s Interpreter
, New York, 1950, pp. 157–8

‘
an extremely dangerous fool
’: quoted Harold Nicolson,
Friday Mornings, 1941–1944
, London, 1944, p. 218

‘
Nearly every town
’: Mass Observation, quoted Daniel Swift,
Bomber County
, London, 2010, p. 118

here
The transformation of London: Molly Panter-Downes,
London War Notes, 1939–1945
, London, 1971, pp. 3–6

Loss of
Athenia
: Overy,
1939
, pp. 107–8

‘
It’s to present us
’: Général P. de Villelume,
Journal d’une défaite: août 1939–juin 1940
, Paris, 1976, quoted Quétel,
L’Impardonnable Défaite
, p. 211

Killing of 1,000 Germans in Bydgoszcz
:
GSWW
, vol. ii, p. 138

here
300 dead after an uprising: Richard J. Evans,
The Third Reich at War: How the Nazis Led Germany from Conquest to Disaster
, London, 2008, p. 8

‘
appallingly dirty and very backward
’: letter 17.9.39, BfZ-SS 28774, quoted Böhler,
Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg
, p. 43; see also BA-MA RH37/5024; RH53-18/152; RH37/5024

‘
evasive eyes
’: quoted Klaus Latzel,
Deutsche Soldaten–nationalsozialistischer Krieg? Kriegserlebnis–Kriegserfahrung 1939–1945
, Paderborn, 1998, p. 153

‘
ingratiatingly friendly
’: BA-MA RH41/1012 (‘katzenfreundlich’)

‘
respectfully took off their hats
’: BA-MA RH37/6891, p. 11 (‘zogen respektvoll den Hut’)

Stürmer
: BA-MA RH28-1/255

‘
Every person
’: BA-MA RH53-18/17

Freischärlerpsychose
BA-MA RH26-4/3, quoted Böhler,
Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg
, p. 109

16,000 civilians executed
: Böhler,
Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg
, pp. 241-2

65,000 killed, and massacres near Mniszek and Karlshof
: Evans,
The Third Reich at War
, pp. 14–15

Kartoffelkrieg
TBJG
, part I, vol. vii, p. 92

‘
Mein Pamph
’: Panter-Downes,
London War Notes
, p. 19

here
Poles in Romania: Adam Zamoyski,
The Forgotten Few: The Polish Air Force in the Second World War
, London, 1995, pp. 35–43

‘
The enemy always came
’: K. S. Karol, ‘A Polish Cadet in Inaction’, in his
Between Two Worlds: The Life of a Young Pole in Russia
, New York, 1987, quoted Jon E. Lewis,
Eyewitness World War II
, Philadelphia, 2008, pp. 36–7

25,000 ‘
undesirables
’: V. N. Zemskov, ‘Prinuditelnye Migratsii iz Pribaltiki v 1940–1950-kh godakh’,
Otechestvennyy Arkhiv
, no. 1, 1993, p. 4, quoted Geoffrey Roberts,
Stalin’s Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939-1953
, New Haven, 2006, p. 45

Polish and German casualty figures:
GSWW
, vol. ii, p. 124; Soviet casualties, Krivosheev,
Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses
, p. 59

‘
Gentlemen. You have seen
’: Joseph W. Grigg, ‘Poland: Inside fallen Warsaw’, United Press, 6.10.39

‘
cheap slaves
’: Franz Halder,
Generaloberst Halder: Kriegstagebuch. Tägliche Aufzeichnungen des Chefs des Generalstabes des Heeres, 1939–1942
, 3 vols, Stuttgart, 1962–4, vol. i:
Vom Polenfeldzug bis zum Ende der Westoffensive
, p. 107

‘
from bitterness over atrocities
’:
GSWW
, vol. ix/1, p. 811

‘
We have seen
’: 12.10.39, BA-MA RH41/1177, quoted Böhler,
Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg
, p. 7

‘
you can’t run a war
’:
GSWW
, vol. ix/1, p. 811

‘
a clear-out
’: Halder,
Kriegstagebuch
, vol. i, p. 79, quoted Evans,
The Third Reich at War
, p. 16

Order 00485 and anti-Polish policy
: see Timothy Snyder,
Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin
, London, 2010, pp. 89–104

‘
Very good
!’: Leonid Naumov,
Stalin i NKVD
, Moscow, 2007, pp. 299–300, quoted
ibid.
, p. 96

‘
You are Polish elite
’: Wesley Adamczyk,
When God Looked the Other Way: An Odyssey of War, Exile and Redemption
, Chicago, 2006, pp. 26–7, quoted Matthew Kelly,
Finding Poland
, London, 2010, p. 62.

‘
Once a Pole, always a kulak
’: quoted Snyder,
Bloodlands
, p. 86

Sewing machines
: Kelly,
Finding Poland
, p. 63. See also accounts in Association of the Families of the Borderland Settlers,
Stalin’s Ethnic Cleansing in Eastern Poland: Tales of the Deported, 1940–1946
, London, 2000

3: From Phoney War to Blitzkrieg

‘
a strange, somnambulistic quality
’: Panter-Downes,
London War Notes
, p. 21

London in the blackout
: Charman,
Outbreak 1939
, pp. 322–3

HMS
Triton
SWWEC,
Everyone’s War
, no. 20, Winter 2009, p. 60

‘
the spirit of Zossen
’: quoted Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, p. 330

here
Soviet demands on Finland:
GSWW
, vol. ii, p. 12

‘
For four miles
’: Virginia Cowles,
Sunday Times
, 4.2.40

‘
How strange were these
’: Geoffrey Cox,
Countdown to War: A Personal Memoir of Europe, 1938–1940
, London, 1988, pp. 176–7

‘
summed up in a calm British
’: Panter-Downes,
London War Notes
, p. 25

here
Nazi Euthanasia programme: Weinberg,
A World at Arms
, pp. 96–7, and Evans,
The Third Reich at War
, pp. 75–105

here
Soviet casualties in Finland: Krivosheev,
Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses
, p. 58

Deportations of Poles and Polish Jews in 1940
: Snyder,
Bloodlands
, pp. 140–1

Tukhachevsky on the French army
:
Pravda
, 29.3.35

Reuter’s correspondent
: Gordon Waterfield,
What Happened to France
, London, 1940, p. 16

‘
One can’t spend
’: Georges Sadoul,
Journal de guerre
, Paris, 1972, 12.12.39

‘
a question only
’: Jean-Paul Sartre,
Les Carnets de la drôle de guerre (2 septembre 1939–20 juillet 1940)
, Paris, 1983, p. 142

‘
Every exercise was considered
’: Édouard Ruby,
Sedan, terre d’épreuve
, Paris, 1948, quoted Alistair Horne,
To Lose a Battle
, London, 1969, p. 163

‘
to be inert
’: quoted Quétel,
L’Impardonnable Défaite
, p. 253

Bonnet’s nephew
: Cox,
Countdown to War
, p. 142

‘
a woman whose
’:
ibid.
, p. 138

Polish government in exile and underground army
:
GSWW
, vol. ii, pp. 141–2

4: The Dragon and the Rising Sun

‘
Sympathy with the people
’: Agnes Smedley,
China Fights Back
, London, 1938, p. 30; ‘peasant serfs’:
ibid.
, p. 28

‘
In Shanghai
’: Theodore H. White and Annalee Jacoby,
Thunder out of China
, New York, 1946, p. xiii

‘
Give! Give
!’: Smedley,
China Fights Back
, p. 31

‘
The Communists are a
’: quoted Stephen Mackinnon, ‘The Defense of the Central Yangtze’, in Peattie, Drea and van de Ven,
The Battle for China
, p. 184

‘menace to our rear
’: quoted Edward J. Drea, ‘The Japanese Army on the Eve of War’, in Peattie, Drea and van de Ven,
The Battle for China
, p. 107

Marco Polo bridge incident
: Yang Tianshi, ‘Chiang Kai-shek and the Battles of Shanghai and Nanjing’, in Peattie, Drea and van de Ven,
The Battle for China
, p. 143

‘
Suddenly, the war
’: Smedley,
China Fights Back
, p. 132

General Chang Ching-chong and Shanghai
: Jung Chang and Jon Halliday,
Mao: The Unknown Story
, London, 2007, pp. 245–6

Failed bombing of the
Izumo
Diana Lary,
The Chinese People at War:Human Suffering and Social Transformation, 1937–1945
, Cambridge, 2010, pp. 22–3

here
The Battle of Shanghai: see Yang Tianshi, ‘Chiang Kai-shek and the Battles of Shanghai and Nanjing’, in Peattie, Drea and van de Ven,
The Battle for China
, pp. 145–54

mustard gas and incendiaries
: Hattori Satoshi, ‘Japanese Operations from July to December 1937’, in Peattie, Drea and van de Ven,
The Battle for China
, p. 176 16th Division: ibid., p. 179

‘
besides mass executions
’: Dr Rosen to German Foreign Ministry, 20.1.38, quoted John Rabe,
The Good German of Nanking: The Diaries of John Rabe
, New York, 1998, p. 145. The diary of Rabe, the local director of Siemens and the organizer of the international safety zone, provides the most reliable account of the atrocities committed in Nanking

here
For preparation of Japanese soldiers, see Kawano Hitoshi, ‘Japanese Combat Morale’, in Peattie, Drea and van de Ven,
The Battle for China
, pp. 332–4

‘
below pigs
’: Kondo Hajime, quoted Laurence Rees,
Their Darkest Hour: People Tested to the Extreme in WWII
, London, 2007, p. 61

‘
All new recruits
’: Cpl Nakamura’s diary taken from his body by New Fourth Army, quoted Agnes Smedley,
Battle Hymn of China
, London, 1944, p. 186

‘
My emotion must have been paralyzed
’: Shimada Toshio, quoted Kawano, ‘Japanese Combat Morale’, in Peattie, Drea and van de Ven,
The Battle for China
, p. 341

‘
I am totally puzzled
’: Rabe,
The Good German of Nanking
, 22.1.38, p. 148; ‘You can’t breathe’:
ibid.
, p. 172

‘
for the use of
’: Smedley,
China Fights Back
, pp. 227 and 230

here
2,000 women taken from Soochow: Lary,
The Chinese People at War
, p. 25

Battalion commander 37th Division
: Kawano, ‘Japanese Combat Morale’, in Peattie, Drea and van de Ven,
The Battle for China
, p. 351

On the subject of ‘
comfort women
’ and rape, see Yuki Tanaka,
Hidden Horrors: Japanese War Crimes in World War II
, Oxford, 1996, pp. 94–7

‘
a building in which
’: Smedley,
Battle Hymn of China
, p. 206

here
For Wuhan and Taierchuang, see Tobe Ryöichi, ‘The Japanese Eleventh Army in Central China, 1938–1941’, in Peattie, Drea and van de Ven,
The Battle for China
, pp. 208–9

‘
use water as a substitute
’: quoted Lary,
The Chinese People at War
, p. 61

Red Army pilots in China
: John W. Garver,
Chinese–Soviet Relations, 1937– 1945: The Diplomacy of Chinese Nationalism
, Oxford, 1988, pp. 40–1; and Hagiwara Mitsuru, ‘Japanese Air Campaigns in China’, in Peattie, Drea and van de Ven,
The Battle for China
, pp. 245–6