The Righteous: The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust (73 page)

7
Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 99.

8
Bronia Veitch, recollections, enclosed with letter to the author, 18 August 2001.

9
Bronia Veitch, letter to the author, 18 August 2001.

10
Bronia Veitch, recollections, enclosed with letter to the author, 18 August 2001.

11
Nicole David, letters to the author, 29 October, 6 November 2001.

12
Maxine Steinberg, ‘The Trap of Legality: The Association of the Jews of Belgium’, in
Patterns of Jewish Leadership
, page 369.

13
Alexander Levy, letter to the author, 9 December 2001.

14
Gay Block and Malka Drucker,
Rescuers: Portraits of Moral Courage in the Holocaust
, page 108.

15
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 99706.

16
Mordecai Paldiel, ‘The Rescue of Jewish Children in Belgium During World War II’, in Dan Michman (editor),
Belgium and the Holocaust: Jews, Belgians, Germans
, Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1998.

17
Information provided by Janek Weber, letter to the author, 28 October 2001. Janek Weber had been saved by non-Jews in Cracow (see chapter 7). He met Charlotte Birnbaum in Antwerp in 1959 and married her a year later, settling in London.

18
Beatrice Michman,
Never to Be Forgotten: A Young Girl’s Holocaust Memoir
(excerpted in
Imprimis, Because Ideas Have Consequences
, volume 28, no. 4, April 1999).

19
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 04792.

20
Cecile Seiden, ‘In Honour of My Righteous Rescuers’, part of the New Jersey Holocaust Curriculum, under the heading ‘To Honour All Children: From Prejudice, to Discrimination, to Hatred…to Holocaust’.

21
Alain Goldschläger, letter to the author, 6 August 2000.

22
‘No Child’s Play: Children in the Holocaust—Creativity and Play’, exhibition at Yad Vashem, opened 13 October 1997.

23
Elisabeth Maxwell, ‘The Rescue of Jews in France and Belgium…’.

24
Information provided by Jacky Barkan (Borzykowski), United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 04992.

25
Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 2698.

26
Benek (Baruch) Sharoni, ‘Man’s Humanity to Man’,
Mizkor
, October 2000.

27
‘200 Jews Owe Life to Belgian Priest’,
New York Times
, 28 December 1945.

28
Information provided by Jehuda Yinon (Leon Fischler), United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 05695.

29
Information provided by Thea Rothenstein, one of the girls who was saved, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 78027.

30
Information provided by Janine Gimpleman Sokolov (Ursula Klipstein), United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 99696.

31
Information provided by Marguerite Birnbaum, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 09409.

32
Information provided by Annette Lederman Linzer, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 89342.

33
Flora M. Singer, letter to the author, 25 September 2001.

34
Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 84.

35
Michel Reynders, ‘Father Bruno (Henry Reynders), His Life, His Work, Biography of a Righteous’, manuscript, Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 84.

36
Dr Michel Reynders, letter to the author, 28 February 2002.

37
Michel Reynders, ‘Father Bruno (Henry Reynders), His Life, His Work, Biography of a Righteous’, manuscript, Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 84.

38
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 30789.

39
Joseph Berger, ‘A Monk, a Saviour, a Mensch: Nine Jews Gather in New Jersey to Remember the Man Who Rescued Them From the Nazis’,
New York Times
, 5 July 1992.

40
Flora M. Singer, letter to the author, 12 October 2001.

41
Paul Silvers (writing from Boulder, Colorado), ‘Remember Père Bruno’, manuscript, Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 84.

42
Martin Glassman, letter to the author, 5 September 2001.

43
Shyam Bhatia, ‘My Saviours in the Holocaust’ (Cirla Lewis’s story),
Observer
, 14 September 1997.

44
Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 7465.

45
Walter Absil, ‘Miracle at Avenue Louise’, manuscript sent to the author, 25 October 2001.

46
Walter Absil, letter to the author, 5 September 2001.

47
Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 648.

48
Ruth Zariz, ‘Luxembourg’, in
Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
, volume 3, page 928.

1
‘Righteous Among the Nations—per Country & Ethnic Origin,’ 1 January 2002, Yad Vashem Department for the Righteous Among the Nations (list sent to the author on 29 January 2002).

2
Louis de Jong, ‘Jews and Non-Jews in Nazi-Occupied Holland’, in Max Beloff (editor),
On the Track of Tyranny
, pages 145–47.

3
Edith Velmans,
Edith’s Book
, pages 93–94.

4
Edith Velmans,
Edith’s Book
, pages 96–97. Edith remained hidden under a false identity at the zur Kleinsmiedes’ until Breda was liberated in September 1944. Her parents and brother did not survive.

5
Diary entry, 10 July 1942,
Anne Frank, The Diary of a Young Girl
, page 17.

6
Diary entry, 11 July 1943,
Anne Frank, The Diary of a Young Girl
, page 76.

7
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 15120; also Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 28. The story of the rescue work of the Bogaards is among those recounted in Debórah Dwork,
Children with a Star
.

8
Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 0655.

9
Eda Shapiro (editor), ‘The Memoirs of Victor Kugler, the “Mr Kraler” of the “Diary of Anne Frank”’.

10
Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 1790.

11
‘Postscripts’,
Jerusalem Post
, 17 January 1977.

12
Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 926.

13
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 97262.

14
Alexander Zvielli, ‘The Price of Courage’,
Jerusalem Post
, 2 March 1979.

15
Karen Glaser, ‘Wartime Heroics of Dutch Woman Are Recognized’,
Jewish Chronicle
, 21 July 2000. Elizabeth Browne had just received the Righteous Among the Nations award on behalf of her parents, at the Israeli Embassy in London. Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 8808.

16
Desmond Brown, ‘Israel Honours Two Toronto War Heroes’,
National Post
, 9 February 1999. The other honorand was Sandor Tonelli (see chapter 16).

17
Testimony of S. Abrahams-Emden, 25 April 1977, Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 5.

18
Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 5.

19
Testimony of Selma Klass-Aronowitz, 12 July 1977, Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 5.

20
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 99723.

21
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 90666.

22
Steffi Robertson (
née
Tikotin), letter to the author, 25 October 1994, quoted in Martin Gilbert,
The Day the War Ended
, page 224.

23
Information provided by Krik Arriëns, letters to the author, 31 January, 12 March 2002.

24
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 89823.

25
Interview with Dr Tina Strobos,
Gannett Suburban Newspapers
, 5 March 1992.

26
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, file 90231.

27
Eva Fogelman,
Conscience and Courage: Rescuers of Jews during the Holocaust
, page 81.

28
Tina Strobos,
The Book of Courage: The First Annual Act of Courage Awards
, Victims Assistance Services Brochure, Hudson River Museum, New York, 4 May 2001.

29
Roberta Hershenson, ‘Dutch Rescuer to Give Talk’,
New York Times
, 26 March 1995.

30
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 90790.

31
‘Juliette’, in Paul Valent,
Child Survivors of the Holocaust
, page 130. Paul Valent was himself hidden as a child in Budapest with his parents.

32
André Stein,
Hidden Children: Forgotten Survivors of the Holocaust
, pages 4, 7.

33
Professor Robert Krell, letter to the author, 1 May 2002.

34
Lore Baer, letter to the author, 6 August 2001.

35
Lore Baer, letter to the author, 2 December 2001.

36
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 05043.

37
Dr Jozeph Michman, introduction to
Righteous Among the Nations Lexicon
, volume 1:
Holland
.

38
Grace Bradberry, ‘Surrey’s Own Oskar Schindler’,
The Times
, 1 March 1999. After the war, Henk Huffener moved to Britain, where he became a British citizen. He was the thirteenth Briton to be honoured by Yad Vashem.

39
Benek (Baruch) Sharoni, ‘Man’s Humanity to Man’,
Mizkor
, October 2000; Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 67.

40
Jozeph Michman, ‘Westerweel, Joop (1899–1944)’,
Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
, volume 4, page 1648.

41
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 87556.

42
Joop Schijveschuurder,
My Miracle: Haarlem, 1940–1945
, pages 103–4.

43
Joop Schijveschuurder,
My Miracle: Haarlem, 1940–1945
, page 165.

44
Elizabeth Schmitz, speech of 6 July 1992; Joop Schijveschuurder,
My Miracle: Haarlem, 1940–1945
, page 176.

45
Rudi Vis, letter to the
Jewish Chronicle
, 25 May 2001.

46
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 01055.

47
‘Yad Vashem Honour for Dutch Couple’,
Jerusalem Post
, 3 February 1978.

48
Gertrude Krol-Mann, testimony submitted on 7 December 1977 to Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 1228.

49
Karst Smit, letter of 5 August 1973, Yad Vashem Righteous Among the Nations Archive, file 1228.

50
Hudson Talbott,
Forging Freedom: A True Story of Heroism During the Holocaust
.

51
Donya Meijer, letter to the author, 7 May 2001.

52
Ilana Drukker-Tikotin, letter to the author, 10 September 2001.

53
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 25307.

54
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Photo Archive, Worksheet 42667.