The Queen's Bed: An Intimate History of Elizabeth's Court (70 page)

47
The Diary of John Manningham
, p. 205.

48
The Letters of John Chamberlain
, p. 189; Raumer,
Contributions
, p. 458.

Chapter 60: Deathbed

  
1
The Memoirs of Robert Carey
, p. 59.

  
2
Ibid.

  
3
Raumer,
Contributions
, pp. 457–8.

  
4
Elizabeth Southwell, ‘A True Relation…’ Stonyhurst Manuscript Ang, iii, Archivum Britannicum Societatis Iesu (London, 1607) printed in Catherine Loomis, ‘Elizabeth Southwell’s Manuscript Account of the death of Queen Elizabeth’,
English Literary Renaissance
26.3 (1996), p. 485.

  
5
Ibid., pp. 482–509.

  
6
Clapham,
Elizabeth of England
, p. 96.

  
7
The Diary of John Manningham
, p. 207.

  
8
Ibid.;
The Memoirs of Robert Carey
, pp. 59–60.

  
9
The Memoirs of Robert Carey
, p. 99; all the English accounts carefully record this scene in which Elizabeth verbally or by gesture named James as her successor, whereas ambassadors’ reports have conflicting versions, some claiming that Elizabeth made no declaration as to her heir. BL Cotton MS Titus C vii 57, a note of some public proceedings and death of Elizabeth. De Beaumont’s account says that she put her hand to her head, Birch,
Memoirs of Reign of Elizabeth
, II, p. 508.

10
The Memoirs of Robert Carey
, p. 60.

11
Ibid., pp. 59–61.

12
The Diary of John Manningham
, p. 208.

13
James F. Larkin and Paul L. Hughes, eds,
Stuart Royal Proclamations
, 2 vols (Oxford, 1973), I, pp. 1–2. Nichols (ed.),
The Progresses, Processions and Magnificent Festivities of King James the First
, 4 vol
s
(London, 1828), vol. I, pp. 25–31.

14
Robert Carey,
The True Narration of the Entertainment of his Royall Majestie
 … (London, 1603), p. 61.

15
The Memoirs of Robert Carey
, p. 9.

16
The Diary of John Manningham
, pp. 208–9.

17
Clapham,
Elizabeth of England
, p. 99.

Chapter 61:
Regina Intacta

  
1
James V. Ricci,
The Genealogy of Gynaecology
(Philadelphia, 1950), p. 230.

  
2
Ben Jonson, ‘Conversations with William Drummond of Hawthornden’, in
The Complete Poems
, ed. George Parfitt (London, 1975), pp. 459–80 (at p. 470). The rumour about Elizabeth’s imperforate hymen was reported to the Queen by Mary Queen of Scots. See Murdin,
Burghley’s State Papers
, pp. 558–60.

  
3
Harington,
A Tract on the Succession to the Crown
, pp. 39–41.

  
4
Ibid.

  
5
CSP Ven
, 1603–7, p. 3.

  
6
Clapham,
Elizabeth of England
, p. 190.

  
7
TNA E351/3145 fols 22ff, 25; TNA LC 2/4/4/2r.

  
8
TNA E531/3145 fol. 25.

  
9
The Diary of John Manningham
, p. 223.

10
Catherine Loomis, ‘Elizabeth Southwell’s Manuscript Account’, p. 485; K. A. Cregan, ‘Early modern anatomy and the Queen’s body natural: The sovereign subject’ in
Body & Society
13.2 (2007), pp. 47–66; K. A. Cregan,
The Theatre of the Body. Staging Death and Embodying Life in Early Modern England
(Turnhort, Belgium, 2009).

11
It is possible that Elizabeth’s body was opened but this was not mentioned in any of the other sources, as her councillors wanted it to appear that they had obeyed her orders.

12
Clapham,
Elizabeth of England
, p. 110.

13
Ibid., p. 111; TNA E351/3145 fols 22ff, 25; TNA LC 2/4/4/2r.

14
The Diary of Lady Anne Clifford
, p. 4.

15
Catherine Loomis, ‘Elizabeth Southwell’s Manuscript Account’, p. 485.

16
Robert Persons,
The Judgment of a Catholicke English-man, Living in Banishment for His Religion
(St Omer, 1608).

17
Ibid., pp. 26–43.

18
Ibid., pp. 31–2.

19
Robert Persons,
A Discussion of the Answere of M.William Barlow
(St Omer, 1612), pp. 220–8.

Chapter 62: The Queen’s Effigy

  
1
Nigel Llewellyn, ‘The Royal Body: Monuments to the Dead, For the Living’, in
Renaissance Bodies
, Gent and Llewellyn (eds), pp. 218–240. See R. E. Giesey,
The Royal Funeral Ceremony in Renaissance France
(Geneva, 1960), pp. 19, 145.

  
2
CSP Ven
, 1603–7, p. 22. See W. St J. Hope, ‘On the Funeral Effigies of the Kings and Queens of England’, in
Archaeologist
, LX (1907), pp. 517–70. John Colte was paid £10 ‘for ye Image representing hir late Majestie with diverse other thinges, viz one paire of straite bodies, a paire of drawers, bumbastm iiij screwing irons & other Irons, a payre of lastes, lace & pointes & also a Chest to cary ye same’. TNA LC2/4 (4) fol. 20. Walter Ripin was paid £15 ‘for one new Chariott with wheeles, carriages, boxes, hoopes and one new Cradle to the same, wherein the Corpes & representation was carried’. LC2/4(4) fol. 11. It seems likely that the crimson satin robe listed among the funeral expenses was used to cover the wooden effigy before it was dressed in the royal robes: ‘Paied to the said William Jones her late Majesties tayler for making the said Robe of Satten crymsin for the Royall Representacion aforesaid xiijs iiijd (ibid., fol. 11v). See also Anthony Harvey and Richard Mortimer,
The Funeral Effigies of Westminster Abbey
(Woodbridge, 1994).

  
3
CSP Ven
, 1603–7, p. 3.

  
4
Jennifer Woodward,
The Theatre of Death: The Ritual Management of Royal Funerals in Renaissance England, 1570–1625
(Woodbridge, 1997), p. 129.

  
5
W. Rye,
England as seen by Foreigners
(London, 1865), p. 164. Clare Gittings,
Death, Burial and the Individual in Early Modern England
(London, 1984), p. 223. For Elizabeth’s effigy, a crimson satin robe was sewn, lined with white fustian, with batons and a coif of cloth of gold, while £6.13s.4d was spent on ‘the crown sceptre and ball, being all gilt with fine gold burnished, the crown set with stones’.

  
6
See D. R. Woolf, ‘Two Elizabeths? James I and the Late Queen’s Famous Memory’,
Canadian Journal of History
, 20 (1985), pp. 167–91.

  
7
Stow,
The Annales
, p. 813.

  
8
Clapham,
Elizabeth of England
, p. 110;
CSP Dom
, 1603–16, p. 9.

  
9
CSP Ven
, 1603–7, p. 23.

10
TNA LC 5/37; TNA LC 2/4/4 fol. 19.

11
Clapham,
Elizabeth of England,
p. 144.

12
Ibid., p. 111; for the funeral see TNA LC 2/4/4; E 351/3145; BL Add. MS 35324, fols 26–39; BL Cotton MS Faustina E I printed in Nichols (ed.),
Progresses of Queen Elizabeth
, III, pp. 620–6.

13
Ibid.

14
Henry Cheetle,
Englands Mourning Garment
(London, 1603), sig. F2r.

15
Ibid., sig. F2r.

16
Stow,
The Annales
, p. 815.

17
Thomas Dekker,
The Wonderful Year
, 1603, edited by George B. Harrison (New York, 1924).

18
Clapham,
Elizabeth of England
, pp. 114–15.

19
The Letters of Philip Gawdy
, p. 128.

20
CSP Ven
, 1603–7, p. 22.

21
Ibid., pp. 22, 24, 41; Henry Cheetle,
The Order and Proceedings at the Funeral of Elizabeth
(1603).

22
CSP Ven
, 1601–3, p. 41.

23
Thomas Millington,
The True Narration of the Entertainment of his Majesty from his departure from Edinburgh till his receiving at London,
in
Stuart Tracts 1603–1693
, ed. C. H. Frith (New York, 1964), p. 15.

Epilogue: Secret Histories

  
1
An entry in the abbey account books for 1606 records: ‘for removing of Queene Elizabeth’s Body … 46 shillings 4 pence’, Westminster Abbey archives.

  
2
Letter dated 20 September 1613 – James to Dean of Peterborough, BLO, Ashmole MS 836 fol. 277.

  
3
See Julia M. Walker,
The Elizabeth Icon, 1603–2003
(
New York, 2004
).

  
4
See Richard Burt, ‘Doing the Queen: Gender, Sexuality and Censorship of Elizabeth I’s Royal Image from Renaissance Portraiture to Twentieth-Century Mass Media’, in Andrew Hadfield (ed.),
Literature and Censorship in Renaissance England
(London, 2001), p. 207.

  
5
Julia M. Walker, ‘Reading the Tombs of Elizabeth I’,
English Literary Renaissance
, 26:3 (1996), pp. 510–30; ‘Bones of Contention: Posthumous Images of Elizabeth and Stuart Politics’, in Julia M. Walker (ed.),
Dissing Elizabeth
.

  
6
Thomas Newton,
Atropoion Delion
(London, 1603), sig. A3r.

  
7
Ibid., sig. B4v.

  
8
Purit-Anus
(1609).

  
9
Francis Osbourne,
Traditional Memoirs on the Reign of Queen Elizabeth and King James
(London, 1658).

10
The Secret History of the Most Renowned Queen Elizabeth and the Earl of Essex
(London, 1680).

11
John Banks,
The Unhappy Favourite
, ed. Thomas Marshall Howe Blair (New York, 1939).

12
Fraser’s Magazine for Town and Country
, 48 (Oct. 1853), p. 376.

13
Charles Kingsley, ‘Sir Walter Raleigh and His Time’, in
Plays and Puritans and Other Historical Essays
(London, 1873), p. 123.

14
John Neale,
Queen Elizabeth I
(London, 1934).

15
W. C. Sellar and R. J. Yeatman,
1066 and All That
(London, 1930), p. 59.

16
See for example S. Cunliffe-Owen,
The Phoenix and the Dove
(London, 1930).

17
Lytton Strachey,
Elizabeth and Essex: A Tragic History
(London, 1928).

18
Philip Reed (ed.),
Letters from a Life: The Selected Letters of Benjamin Britton, volume four, 1952–57
(Woodbridge, 2008), p. 150.

19
Jean Plaidy,
Queen of this Realm: The Story of Elizabeth I
(London, 1983); Philippa Gregory,
The Virgin’s Lover
(London, 2010).

Bibliography

UNPUBLISHED SOURCES

Manuscripts

Archivo General de Simancas, Spain

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PhD Theses

Brogan, Stephen, ‘The Royal Touch in Early Modern England: its Changing Rationale and Practice’, Birkbeck, University of London, 2011

Bundesen, Kristin, ‘No Other Faction but My Own: Dynastic Politics and Elizabeth I’s Carey Cousins’, University of Nottingham, 2008

Goldsmith, H., ‘All the Queen’s Women: the Changing Place and Perception of Aristocratic Women in Elizabethan England, 1558–1620’, Northwestern University, 1987

Merton, Charlotte, ‘The Women who Served Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth: Ladies, Gentlewomen and Maids of the Privy Chamber, 1553–1603’, Cambridge University, 1992

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Primary

Acts of the Privy Council
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Adams, S., ‘The Lauderdale Papers 1561–1570: the Maitland of Lethington State Papers and Leicester Correspondence’,
Scottish Historical Review
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