The Queen's Bed: An Intimate History of Elizabeth's Court (63 page)

11
TNA SP 15/15, no. 29(i).

12
TNA SP 12/59, no. 65.

13
Printed in
The Tudor Constitution
, ed. G. R. Elton (Cambridge, 1982); see P. McGrath,
Papists and Puritans under Elizabeth I
(London, 1967), p. 68.

Chapter 22: Want of Posterity

  
1
Fénélon,
Correspondance Diplomatique
, III, p. 454.

  
2
The Egerton Papers
, ed. J. Payne Collier (London, 1840), p. 52.

  
3
Fénélon,
Correspondance Diplomatique
, III, p. 418.

  
4
See Katherine B. Crawford, ‘Love, Sodomy and Scandal: Controlling the Sexual Reputation of Henry III’,
Journal of the History of Sexuality
, 12 (2003), pp. 513–42.

  
5
Lettres de Catherine de Médicis
, eds Hector de la Ferrière-Percy and Comte Baugyenault de Puchesse, 10 vols (Paris, 1880–1909), IV, pp. 26–7.

  
6
Fénélon,
Correspondance Diplomatique
, II, pp. 178, 179.

  
7
Sir Dudley Digges,
The Compleat Ambassador
(London, 1655), p. 195.

  
8
Fénélon,
Correspondance Diplomatique
, VII, p. 180.

  
9
Fénélon,
Correspondance Diplomatique
, IV, pp. 64, 85.

10
Ibid., p. 21.

11
Digges,
Compleat Ambassador
, pp. 43, 70–1.

12
Ibid., p. 96.

13
Secret memorial of M. de Vassal in Fénélon,
Correspondance Diplomatique,
III, pp. 462–9.

14
Fénélon,
Correspondance Diplomatique
, IV, pp. 186, 187.

15
Ibid.

16
CSP Foreign
, 1572–4, pp. 3, 8–9.

Chapter 23: Compass Her Death

  
1
The Zurich Letters
, ed. Robinson, 2 vols (Cambridge, 1847), I, pp. 245–54.

  
2
M. A. R. Graves, ‘Thomas Norton, the Parliament Man’,
Historical Journal
23, 1 (1980), pp. 17–35.

  
3
13 Eliz c.1,
Statutes
IV, pp. 526–21.

  
4
13 Eliz c.1 and 2,
Statutes
IV, pp. 526–31; Patrick McGrath,
Papists and Puritans,
pp. 174–5; Neale,
Elizabeth I and her Parliaments
, I, pp. 218–34.

  
5
23 Eliz c.2,
Statutes
IV, pp. 659–60.

  
6
See Geoffrey Parker, ‘The Place of Tudor England in the Messianic Vision of Philip II of Spain’,
TRHS
, sixth series 12 (2002), pp. 167–221.

  
7
TNA SP 12/84 fols 35v–36r.

  
8
TNA SP 12/84 fol. 35r.

  
9
Robyn Adams, ‘The Service I am Here For: William Herle in the Marshalsea Prison, 1571’,
Huntington Library Quarterly
72 (2009), 217–38. On Spanish involvement in the Ridolfi plot see Francis Edwards,
Plots and Plotters in the Reign of Elizabeth I
(Dublin, 2002), pp. 29–73 and Geoffrey Parker,
The Grand Strategy of Philip II
(London, 2000), pp. 160–4.

10
See Conyers Read,
Lord Burghley and Queen Elizabeth
(London, 1960), p. 40.

11
TNA SP 12/80/117; Read,
Lord Burghley and Queen Elizabeth
, pp. 38–41.

12
T. B. Howell,
A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason
, 21 vols (London, 1816–26), I, p. 968.

13
TNA SP 70/122 fol. 153r.

14
CP 7/7 in Murdin,
Burghley’s State Papers
, II, p. 185.

15
Digges,
Compleat Ambassador
, pp. 165–6.

16
BL Cotton MS Caligula C 2, fols 86r–v.

17
TNA SP 15/20 fol. 155v.

18
Lettenhove,
Relations Politiques
, vol. VI, p. 189.

19
Paget Papers, X, art. 10. Some rumours lingered. In 1575 Lady Cobham was accused by Thomas Cockyn, a stationer, implicated in the Ridolfi plot, as a ‘favourer’ of the Scottish queen. TNA SP 53/10/11, 45, 61. The extent of any involvement with Mary is unclear. There seems to have been an examination of the accusation made by Cockyn against Lady Cobham, but nothing more seems to have been revealed, and Elizabeth continued to trust her and give her lavish New Year gifts. See David McKeen,
A
Memory of Honour: The Life of William Brooke, Lord Cobham
, 2 vols (1986), I, pp. 318–22.

Chapter 24: Beside Her Bed

  
1
Fénélon,
Correspondance Diplomatique
, IV, pp. 410–11.

  
2
Digges,
Compleat Ambassador
, p. 198; Fénélon,
Correspondance Diplomatique
, IV, pp. 411, 412.

  
3
John Strype,
The Life of the Learned Sir Thomas Smith
, p. 114.

  
4
TNA SP 15/21 fol. 58.

  
5
Neale,
Elizabeth I and her Parliaments
, I, p. 244.

  
6
Ibid., pp. 262–90.

  
7
Ibid., pp. 310–11.

  
8
Digges,
Compleat Ambassador
, p. 219.

  
9
See Neville Williams,
A Tudor Tragedy: Thomas Howard, Fourth Duke of Norfolk
(London, 1964).

10
Digges
, Compleat Ambassador
, p. 167.

11
CSP Foreign
, 1572–4, p. 12; TNA SP 70/122 fols 37–41, 50, 211. See Digges,
Compleat Ambassador
, p. 195.

12
Digges,
Compleat Ambassador
, pp. 226–8.

13
BL Cotton Vespasian F 6, fol. 7r.

14
Fénélon,
Correspondance Diplomatique,
IV, pp. 438–9.

15
‘Instructions for Walsingham’, 20 July 1572; TNA SP 70/124 fol. 99.

16
Digges,
Compleat Ambassador
, pp. 226–8.

17
Ibid., pp. 226–30; BL Harleian MS 260, fols 277–8.

18
Lettrès de Catherine de Medicis
, IV, p. 111–2.

19
See A. G. Dickens, ‘The Elizabethans and St Bartholomew’, in A. Soman (ed.),
The Massacre of St Bartholomew: reappraisals and documents
(The Hague, 1974), pp. 52–70.

20
Nichols (ed.),
Progresses of Queen Elizabeth
, I, p. 321;
CSP Span
, 1568–79, p. 410.

21
CSP Dom
, 1547–80, pp. 450–3.
CSP Span
, 1568–79, pp. 411–12.

22
Lodge (ed.),
Illustrations of British History
, I, p. 547.

23
Fénélon,
Correspondance Diplomatique
, V, pp. 123–8.

24
Wright (ed.),
Queen Elizabeth and her Times
, I, pp. 438–9.

25
Ellis (ed.),
Original Letters
, III, p. 25.

26
C. Read,
Mr Secretary Walsingham and Queen Elizabeth,
3 vols (London, 1955), I, p. 239.

27
BL Add. MS 48049, fols 340r–357v, draft copy, and BL Cotton MS Titus F III, fols 302r–308v is Beale’s fair copy.

28
BL Cotton MS Titus F, III, fols 302r–308v.

29
CSP Span
, 1568–79, p. 408.

30
Wright (ed.),
Queen Elizabeth and her Times
, I, p. 444–55.

31
Lodge (ed.),
Illustrations of British History
, I, pp. 550–1.

32
CSP Span
, 1568–79, p. 429.

33
TNA SP 12/89 fol. 1572.

34
LPL MS 3197 fols 41–3, printed in
Elizabeth I, Collected Works
, pp. 212–14.

35
A fourme of common prayer to be vsed, and so commaunded by auctoritie of the Queenes Maiestie, and necessarie for the present tyme and state
(London, 1572), B2v–B3v.

Chapter 25: Lewd Fantasy

  
1
CP 5/90. CP 5/62 printed in Haynes,
Burghley State Papers
, pp. 203–4, 208.

  
2
BL Lansdowne MS XV art. 43 in
Correspondence of Matthew Parker
, pp. 400–1.

  
3
Correspondence of Matthew Parker
, p. 401.

  
4
See Eric St John Brooks,
Sir Christopher Hatton: Queen Elizabeth’s Favourite
(London, 1946).

  
5
BL Harleian MS 787, fol. 88.

  
6
Sir Harris Nicolas,
Memoirs of the Life and Times of Sir Christopher Hatton
(London, 1847), pp. 23–4.

  
7
Ibid., pp. 25–6.

  
8
Ibid., pp. 26, 155.

  
9
Ibid., p. 17.

10
LPL, MS 3197, fol. 79.

11
Gervase Holles, ‘Memorials of the Holles Family, 1493–1663’, ed. A. C. Wood, Camden Society, 3rd series, 55 (London, 1937), p. 70.

12
LPL, MS 3197, fol. 79.

13
‘A letter from Robert, Earl of Leicester, to a lady’, ed. C. Read,
Huntington Library Bulletin
, 9 (1936), pp. 23–5.

14
CKS, U, 1475/L 2/3 items 12–13.

Chapter 26: Blows and Evil Words

  
1
TNA C115/M15/7341. BL Lansdowne MS 59, no. 22, fol. 43; see W. J. Tighe, ‘Country into Court, Court into Country: John Scudamore of Holme Lacy (
c
. 1542–1623) and His Circles’, in Dale Hoak (ed.),
Tudor Political Culture
(Cambridge, 1995), pp. 157–78.

  
2
TNA E351/1795. She was now granted an improved annuity of £33 6s. 8d. She became the only lady of Elizabeth’s Privy Chamber to have left more than a few bits of correspondence, due largely to the survival of the great collection of Scudamore letters and papers in the National Archives.

  
3
Queen Elizabeth and Mary Shelton were both great-granddaughters of Sir William Boleyn of Blickling, Norfolk, which made them second cousins.

  
4
BL Egerton MS 2806, fol. 49. Warrant 28 September 1572;
HMC Rutland
, I, p. 107; BL Add. MS 11049, fol. 2. Brydges says the court is ‘full of malice and spite’.

  
5
TNA C 115/L2/6697, p. 47.

  
6
TNA C 115/M19/7543. This is 9 October 1576.

  
7
CKS, document dated July 1573.

  
8
CSP Dom
, 1547–80, p. 442.

  
9
CSP Ireland
, 1509–85, p. 160. TNA SP 63/36 art. 14.

10
BL Add. MS 15914, fol. 12.

11
BL Cotton MS Titus B, ii, fol. 302.

12
In 1561 Sussex had sought the Lord Presidency of Wales for himself and the appointment of Sir Henry Sidney, partly through Leicester’s influence, very much still rankled. BL Cotton MS Vespasian F, xii, fol. 179a.

13
BL Cotton MS Vespasian F, xii, fols 179–81; TNA SP 70/19.360; BL Cotton MS Titus B, ii, 152.

14
TNA SP 12, Warrant book, I; 83; TNA SP 40/1/83.

Chapter 27: Kenilworth

  
1
George Gascoigne,
Princely Pleasures at Kenilworth Castle
(London, 1576) printed in Nichols (ed.),
Progresses of Queen Elizabeth
, I, p. 492.

  
2
Ibid., pp. 426–522.

  
3
CSP Span
, 1568–79, p. 498.

  
4
Robert Laneham’s Letter: Describing a Part of the Entertainment unto Queen Elizabeth at the Castle of Kenilworth in 1575
, ed. F. J. Furnivall (New York, 1907).

  
5
Gascoigne,
Princely Pleasures at Kenilworth Castle
, pp. 426–522.

  
6
Carole Levin, ‘“Would I Could Give You Help and Succour”: Elizabeth I and the Politics of Touch’,
Albion
21 (1989), pp. 191–205; Marc Bloch,
The Royal Touch: Sacred Monarchy and Scrofula in England and France
, trans. J. E. Anderson (London, 1973); Raymond Crawfurd,
The King’s Evil
(Oxford, 1911). The practice had been adopted by kings in England and France since the medieval period. Edward the Confessor was said to have been the first English king to heal scrofula by touch. See Reginald Scot,
The Discoverie of Witchcraft
(London, 1584), pp. 303–4.

  
7
William Tooker,
Charisma sive Donum Sanationis
(London, 1597), pp. 99–100.

  
8
See Janice Delaney, Mary Jane Lupton and Emily Toth,
The Curse: A Cultural History of Menstruation
(Chicago, 1988), p. 42 and Audrey Eccles,
Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Tudor and Stuart England
(London, 1982), pp. 49–51.

  
9
J. Andreas L
Ö
we, ‘Tooker, William (1553/4–1621)’,
ODNB
, 2004.

10
A Right Fruitful and Approved Treatise for the Artificial Cure of that Malady Called in Latin Stuma
(London, 1602). See F. N. L. Poynter (ed.),
Selected Writings of William Clowes
(London, 1948), pp. 9–38.

11
Tooker,
Charisma
, pp. 90–2.

12
CSP Ven
, 1592–1603, p. 238; Tooker,
Charisma
, pp. 94, 100.

13
See Susan Frye,
Elizabeth I: The Competition for Representation
(Oxford, 1993), pp. 70–2.

14
CSP Span
, 1558–67, pp. 404–5.

15
See Nichols (ed.),
Progresses of Queen Elizabeth
, vol. I, pp. 521–2.

Chapter 28: Badness of Belief

  
1
John Bossy,
The English Catholic Community 1570–1850
(London, 1975); Patrick McGrath, ‘Elizabethan Catholicism: A Reconsideration’,
Journal of Ecclesiastical History
, 35 (1984), pp. 414–28. Peter Lake and Michael Questier, ‘Prisons, Priests and People in Post-Reformation England’, in Nicholas Tyacke (ed.),
England’s Long Reformation 1500–1800
(London, 1998), pp. 195–223.