The Power of Mindful Learning (22 page)

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2. Gardner, H., "The Waning of Intelligence Tests," in What Is
Intelligence?: Contemporary Viewpoints on Its Nature and Definition, ed. R. J. Sternberg and D. K. Detterman (Norwood, NJ:
Ablex Publishing, 1986), 73-76.

3. Brown, A. L., and Campione, J. C., "Modifying Intelligence
or Modifying Skills: More Than a Semantic Quibble?" in How
and How Much Can Intelligence Be Increased, ed. D. K. Detterman and R. J. Sternberg (Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing,
1982), 215-30.

4. Collins, A., and Smith, E. E., "Teaching the Process of
Reading Comprehension," in How and How Much Can Intelli gence Be Increased, ed. D. K. Detterman and R. J. Sternberg
(Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing, 1982), 173-85.

5. Brown, and Campione, "Modifying Intelligence."

6. Lichenstein, S., Fischhoff, B., and Phillips, L. D., "Calibration of Probabilities: The State of the Art to 1980," in Judgment
Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases, ed. D. Kahneman, P.
Slovic, and A. Tversky (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1982), 306-34.

7. Langer, E., "The Illusion of Control,"Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology 32, no. 2 (1975): 311-28.

8. Tores, E., and Nisbett, R., "The Actor and the Observer:
Divergent Perceptions of the Causes of Behavior," in Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior, ed. E. Jones (Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press, 1972), 74-94.

9. Frensch, P. A., and Sternberg, R. J., "Expertise and Intelligent Thinking: When Is It Worse to Know Better?" Advances
in the Psychology of Human Intelligence 3 (1989): 157-88.

10. Kahneman, D., and Tversky, A., "A Heuristic for Judging
Frequency and Probability," Cognitive Psychology 5, no. 2 (Sept.
1973): 207-32; Kahneman, D., and Tversky, A., "On the Psychology of Prediction," Psychological Review 80, no. 4 (July
1973): 237-51.

11. Langer, E., "The Illusion of Calculated Decisions," in
Beliefs, Reasoning and Decision Making, ed. R. Schank and E.
Langer (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum,1994).

12. Coleman, J. S., Campbell, E. Q, Holson, C. J., McPartland, J., Mood, A., Weinfeld, E. D., and York, R. L., Equality of
Educational Opportunity (Washington, DC: U.S.P.O., 1966).

13. Burstein, L., Fisher, K. B., and Miller, M. D., "The Multilevel Effects of Background in Science Achievement: A Crossnational Comparison," Sociology ofEducation 53 (1980): 215-25.

14. De Rivera, J., Field Theory as Human Science: Contributions
ofLewin's Berlin Group (New York: Gardner Press, 1976).

15. Langer, E., Janis, I. L., and Wolfer, J. A., "Reduction of
Psychological Stress in Surgical Patients," Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 11 (1975): 155-65.

16. Langer, E., Mindfulness (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley,
1989), 2, 8; Cantor, N., and Kihlstrom, J. F., Personality and
Social Intelligence (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,
1987).

17. Staub, E., Tursky, B., and Schwartz, G. E., "Self-Control
and Predictability: The Effects of Reactions to Aversive Stimulation," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 18, no. 2
(1971):157-62.

18. Edwards, B., Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain (Los
Angeles: J. P. Tarcher, 1979), 12, 13.

19. Ibid.

20. Guilford, J. P., "The Structure-of-Intellect Model," in
Handbook of Intelligence: Theories, Measurements and Applications, ed. B. B. Wolman (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1985),
225-66.

21. Langer, E., and Benevento, A., "Self-Induced Dependence," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36, no. 8
(Aug. 1978): 886-93; Langer, E., and Avorn, J., "Induced Disability in Nursing Home Patients: A Controlled Trial,"Journal
of the American Geriatric Society 30, no. 6 (1981): 397-400; Steele, C. M., and Aronson, J., "Stereotype Threat and the
Intellectual Test Performance of African Americans,",journal of
Personality and Social Psychology 69, no. 5 (1995): 797-811.

22. Taylor, S. E. Wood, J., and Lichtman, R., "It Could Be
Worse: Selective Evaluation as a Response to Victimization,"
Journal of Social Issues 39 no. 2 (1984): 19-40; Wills, T. A.,
"Social Comparison in Coping and Help-Seeking," in New
Directions in Helping, ed. B. M. DePaulo, A. Nadler, and J. D.
Fisher, vol. 2, Help-Seeking (New York: Academic Press, 1983),
109-141.

23. Langer, E., "The Illusion of Incompetence," in Choice and
Perceived Control, ed. L. C. Perlmuter and R. A. Monty (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1979), 301-13; Langer, E., and Park, K.,
"Incompetence: A Conceptual Reconsideration," in Competence
Considered, ed. R. J. Sternberg and J. Kolligian (New Haven,
CT: Yale University Press, 1990), 149-66.

24. Langer, E., and Chanowitz, B., "A New Perspective for the
Study of Disability," in Attitudes Towards Persons with Disabilities, ed. H. E. Yuker (New York: Springer, 1987), 68-81;
Langer, and Park, "Incompetence," in Competence Considered,
ed. R. J. Sternberg and J. Kolligian (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990), 149-66.

 

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