The Other Slavery (76 page)

Recopilación de las leyes de Indias
,
137
,
369
n 21

spices, lack of,
20

Stansbury, Howard,
275

Steck, Michael,
293

Stone, Charles,
261–62

Sumner, Charles,
309
,
411
n 21

Sutter, John,
250
,
254–58

private army of whites and Indians,
257–58

slave trade,
257–58

T

Taínos,
35
,
39
,
44

Tappan, Samuel F.,
311

Tarahumaras,
115

Tello de Sandoval, Francisco,
68
,
70

Temkin, Samuel,
77

tenBroek, Jacobus,
313

Thirteenth Amendment, U.S. Constitution,
8

Tobosos,
115

Tolentino, Nicolás de,
111

traffickers.
See also
English pirates

business of,
76
,
96
,
99
,
118–19

Cape Verde Islands,
78–80

effect of antislavery edicts,
141
,
146

financing soldiers,
91

indigenous slavers and antislavery edicts,
146–47

major slaving grounds,
132–35

New Mexico,
116–23

Pánuco, Mexico,
81
,
83
,
351
n 10

in Portugal,
77

in Utah,
270–71

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
See
U.S.-Mexican War

Trujillo, Joseph de,
157

Tucumán, major slaving grounds,
132–34
,
368
n 14

Turner, John Kenneth,
239–40

U

United Nations, Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime,
412
n 28

United States

Black Codes,
303
,
313

Civil Rights Act of 1866,
303
,
305
,
411
n 16

Civil War,
277

colonial America and Indian slaves,
331
n 2

Congressional action to eradicate Indian slavery,
296–99
,
306

early abolitionist efforts for Indians,
295

easterners’ view of Indian slavery,
397
n 1

Fourteenth Amendment,
305
,
411
n 16

free labor movement,
302–4

gold production,
327

Indian Citizenship Act of 1924,
305

Indians “not taxed,”
305

Joint Special Committee on the Condition of the Indian Tribes,
298–99
,
409
n 5

legal standing of slaves in antebellum South,
47

Peonage Act of 1867,
309
,
310
,
313–14
,
320
,
411
n 21

presidential directive to suppress slavery in New Mexico,
299

Thirteenth Amendment,
8
,
147
,
301
,
302–5
,
313–14
,
412
n 28

Trafficking Victims Protection Act,
412
n 28

U.S.-Mexican War,
1
,
198
,
224
,
278

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo,
2
,
9
,
235
,
246
,
270
,
398
n 9

Utah,
266

Act for the Relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners of 1852,
270
,
272–73
,
403
n 12

population of Indian slaves,
273

Utes,
122

attacks on Navajos in New Mexico,
282
,
292–93

Chief Walkara and Indian children,
271

peace agreements allowing trade of captives,
179–80

role in Navajo campaign of 1863–1864,
286–87

as slavers,
7
,
186
,
189–90
,
193

territory and society,
186–87

trading for horses,
186
,
189–90
,
193–94

V

vagrancy and convict leasing,
265

“vagrant” Natives

in California,
2
,
265

deported to Philippines,
210

in Mexico,
238

vales
(authorization to seize “orphans”),
119
,
362
n 30

Vallejo, Salvador,
248
,
260–61

Vaquero Apaches,
119–20

Vargas, Diego de,
174

Vázquez de Ayllón, Lucas,
42
,
43
,
45

Velasco, Luis de,
71

Velasco II, Luis de,
117–18

Vélez Cachupín, Tomás,
179

Vélez de Escalante, Silvestre,
190
,
374
n 16

Venezuela

major slaving grounds,
134

naborías
(lifetime servants),
74

New Laws of 1542 lack of enforcement,
74

Vildósola, Agustín de,
207

Villa, Pancho,
104

Villanueva, Fernando de,
152
,
160

W

Walk Free Foundation,
318–19

Westo Indians, as slavers,
172

Wey Gómez, Nicolás,
21

Whittier, John Greenleaf,
296
,
408
n 1

Wolfskill, William,
189

women and children,
6–7

children given as apprentices,
265
,
306

children traded for horses,
194

“indentured,”
2

Mormon trade for children,
269–72

“reverse Middle Passage” to Spain,
50–51

Rio Grande expedition,
94–95

Seri children enslaved on Apache frontier,
210–11

sex trade, Eastern European women,
319

Sierra Gorda pacification campaign,
95–96

slave stories, Parral,
122

slave story, Beatriz,
56–59
,
60

slave story, María,
53–55

slave story, Ute and Paiute,
190–91
,
194

susceptibility to new illnesses,
273

vales
(authorization to seize “orphans”),
119

Wootton, Dick (Uncle Dick),
193–94

X

Xavier, Francisco,
155
,
159–60
,
168

Y

Young, Brigham,
3
,
266
,
269
,
270
,
271
,
274–75

Yucatán slavery in the twentieth century,
240
,
395
n 32

Z

Zacatecas, silver mining at,
71
,
102
,
110–11

Zaldívar, Vicente de,
118

Zumárraga, Juan de,
81
,
351
n 10

About the Author

A
NDRÉS
R
ESÉNDEZ
is a professor and historian at the University of California, Davis. He is the author of
A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca
, which Carolyn See called “impossible to put down” (
Washington Post Book World
). He lives in Davis, California.