The Other Schindlers (11 page)

16
. Quakers’ Humanitarian Efforts Assisted Thousands of Refugees, p. 3, 18 February 2002, www.holocaust-heroes.com/quakers.html, accessed 18 December 2002.

17
. Hans A. Schmitt,
Quakers and Nazis: Inner Light in Outer Darkness
(Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1997), p. 1.

18
. Brenda Bailey, ‘Bertha’s Work for German Jewish Refugees’, unpublished lecture given at Armscote General Meeting on 8 August 1993, pp. 4–5.

19
. Alma Cureton, Bertha’s niece, in telephone conversation with the author, 7 January 2003.

20
. Brenda Bailey,
A Quaker Couple in Nazi Germany: Leonhard Friedrich Survives Buchenwald
(York: The Ebor Press, 1994), p. 42.

21
. Bertha L. Bracey, ‘Germany: April, 1933’ in
Quaker World Service
, Vol. 7, No 5 (1 May 1933) pp. 9–10.

22
. Bailey,
A Quaker Couple in Nazi Germany
, p. 7.

23
. Ibid., p. 9.

24
. Ibid., p. 10.

25
. Naomi Shepherd,
A Refuge from Darkness: Wilfrid Israel and the Rescue of the Jews
(New York: Pantheon Books, 1984), p. 73.

26
. Michael Smith,
Foley: The Spy who Saved 10,000 Jews
(London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1999), pp. 63–4.

27
. Shepherd,
A Refuge from Darkness
, p. 90.

28
. Ibid., pp. 146–7.

29
. Ibid., p. 148.

30
. Bertha L. Bracey, Work of the Society of Friend for Refugees from the Hitler Regime in Central Europe, typed note signed by Miss Bracey but undated, found in File G15 of The Wiener Library.

31
. Hensley Henson, Introduction to
The Yellow Book
(London: Victor Gollancz Ltd, 1936), p. 8.

32
. Papers concerning the Treatment of German Nationals in Germany 1938–39, Command 6120 (London: HMSO, 1939), pp. 3–4.

33
. Andrew Sharf, ‘The British Press and the Holocaust’ in
Yad Vashem Studies V
(Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1963), pp. 169–91, 179.

34
. Alex Bryan, ‘Bertha L. Bracey: Friend of the Oppressed’ in
Friends’ Quarterly
(January 1991), pp. 238–9.

35
. Victor J. Burch, ‘A Testimony to the Grace of God in the Life of Bertha Lilian Bracey’, on behalf of Banbury & Evesham Monthly Meeting, 15 April 1989, pp. 1–4.

36
. Ibid., p. 4.

37
. Ibid., p. 2.

38
. Bryan, ‘Bertha L. Bracey: Friend of the Oppressed’, pp. 233–41, p. 240.

39
. Pat Webb (Bertha’s great-niece), letter to author, dated 13 January 2003.

40
. Alma Cureton (Bertha’s niece) to Pat Webb, letter given to author, 12 August 2002.

41
. Norman Coxon to Bertha Bracey, letter dated 1 April 1988, lent to author by Pat Webb.

42
. Burch, ‘A Testimony to the Grace of God in the Life of Bertha Lilian Bracey’, p. 4.

43
. Christopher Robbins, unpublished draft biography of Charles Fawcett, pp. 7–8.

44
. Charles F. Fawcett, conversation with the author, 17 June 2002, at his Chelsea home.

45
. Robbins, unpublished draft biography of Charles Fawcett, p. 9.

46
. Charles Fawcett, obituary in
The Daily Telegraph
, 9 February 2008.

47
. April Fawcett, e-mail to author, 23 November 2009.

48
. Philippe Olivier, ‘The Fate of Professional French Jewish Musicians under the Vichy Regime’, on The Orel Foundation website, www.orelfoundation.org/index.php/journal/journalArticle/the_fate_of_professional_french_jewish_musicians_under_the_vichy_ regime/#112909_19, accessed 1 January 2010.

49
. Sheila Isenberg,
A Hero of Our Own: the Story of Varian Fry
, p. 33.

50
. Official Josephine Baker website: www.cmgww.com/stars/baker/about/biography.html, accessed 1 January 2010.

51
. Isenberg,
A Hero of Our Own
, pp. 32–3.

52
. Fry,
Surrender on Demand
, pp. 37–8.

53
. Gold,
Crossroads Marseilles 1940
, p. 163.

54
. Ibid., p. 164.

55
. Ibid., pp. 173, 256.

56
. Andy Marino,
American Pimpernel: the Man who Saved the Artists on Hitler’s Death List
(London: Random House, 1999), pp. 234–5.

57
. Fry,
Surrender on Demand
, p. 131.

58
. Charles Fawcett, interview with the author at his home, 15 November 1997, p. 4.

59
. Marino,
American Pimpernel
, pp. 232–3.

60
. Ibid., p. 239.

61
. Gold,
Crossroads Marseilles 1940
, p. 258.

62
. Agnes Spier,
Affected by Atrocity: The impact and motives of Varian Fry, Charles Fawcett and the Emergency Rescue Committee
, unpublished MA dissertation at Sheffield University, October 1998, p. 59. Notes of conversation with Charles Fawcett on 21 February 1998 at The Gay Hussar, London.

63
. Marino,
American Pimpernel
, p. 140.

64
. Robbins, unpublished draft biography of Charles Fawcett, pp. 25–6.

65
. Undated letter from Charles Fawcett to the author, received 4 September 1998.

66
. Letter from Charles Fawcett to the author, dated 29 September 1997.

67
. Deb Richardson-Moore, ‘Unlikely Hero’ in
Greenville News
, 9 November 1997.

68
. ‘A Book of Tribute to Varian Fry’, United States Holocaust Memorial Council, 10 April 1991, p. 11.

69
. April Fawcett, e-mail, 23 November 2009.

70
. Eric Margolis, ‘A real gentleman adventurer’,
The Toronto Sun
, 2 November 1995.

71
. Andy Marino, ‘You couldn’t make it up’ in
Telegraph Magazine
, November 1999, pp. 28, 30, 31.

72
. Letter from Lord Salisbury to April Fawcett, dated 21 May 2008.

73
. Obituary in the
Telegraph
, February 2008.

74
. Letter from Tony Blair to April Fawcett, 2008.

75
. Agnes Hirschi (Carl Lutz’s stepdaughter), notes of author’s meeting in London, 14 April 2002.

76
. Theo Tschuy,
Dangerous Diplomacy: the Story of Carl Lutz, Rescuer of 62,000 Hungarian Jews
(Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000), p. 27.

77
. Ibid., p. 29.

78
. Ibid., p. 33.

79
. Ibid., p. 34.

80
. Yehuda Bauer,
Jews for Sale? Nazi-Jewish Negotiations, 1939–1945
(Yale: Yale University Press, 1994), p. 162.

81
. Ibid., p. 158.

82
. Obituary of Professor Tibor Barna (1919–2009), economist,
The Times
, 12 August 2009. I recall my mother telling me that many young men she knew could not get into Hungarian universities and went to Germany instead.

83
. Tschuy,
Dangerous Diplomacy
, pp. 116–7.

84
. Ibid., p. 117.

85
. Bernard Wasserstein,
Britain and the Jews of Europe 1939–1945
(London: JPR, 1999), p. 271.

86
. Ian Kershaw,
Popular Opinion and Political Dissent in the Third Reich: Bavaria 1933–1945
(Oxford: OUP, 1988), pp. 158–9.

87
. Bauer,
Jews for Sale?
pp. 181–2.

88
. Tschuy,
Dangerous Diplomacy
, p. 107.

89
. Agnes Hirschi, e-mail to author, 30 October 2002.

90
. Charles R. Lutz, ‘The Rescue Work of a Swiss in World War II’ in
Neue Zuercher Zeitung
(NZZ), No 2464, 30 June 1961, pp. 5–8.

91
. Bauer,
Jews for Sale?
p. 235.

92
. Lutz in NZZ, p. 8.

93
. Agnes Hirschi, e-mail to author, 15 March 2001.

94
. Ruth Rothenberg, ‘Belated honour for Swiss diplomat who saved Jews’ in
Jewish Chronicle
, 7 April 2000.

95
. Alfred Werner, ‘A Saintly German Pastor’ in
Congress Weekly
(published by Zionist Congress in USA), 27 October 1952, Vol. 19, No 26, pp. 5–7.

96
. Schmitt,
Quakers and Nazis
, p. 41.

97
. Ibid., p. 41.

98
. Christine King, ‘Jehovah’s Witnesses During the Holocaust’ in
Perspectives: Journal of the Holocaust Centre, Beth Shalom
, Autumn 2002, pp. 36–7.

99
. Ibid., p. 37.

100
. Cited in Schmitt,
Quakers and Nazis
, pp. 41–2.

101
. Reginald Pringle, ‘Paul Rosenzweig’, unpublished memoir written in 1990. Forwarded to the author by Pringle’s brother-in-law Ron Mower, p. 1.

102
. Ron Mower, letter to author, received 7 August 2000.

103
. Pringle, ‘Paul Rosenzweig’, p. 18.

104
. Ibid., p. 20.

105
. Mower, letter to author, 7 August 2000.

106
. Pringle, ‘Paul Rosenzweig’, p. 39.

107
. Ibid., p. 41.

108
. Ibid., p. 42.

109
. Ibid., p. 43.

110
. Ibid., p. 44.

111
. Ibid., p. 45.

112
. A Mezuzah is a sign of a Jewish home and a sign of God’s presence and the sanctification of the dwelling place. It is a small case which contains a piece of parchment on which
specific
prayers have been written. Fixing a Mezuzah is a Biblical law from Deuteronomy 6:9: ‘And thou shalt write them upon the posts of thy house, and on thy gates.’

113
. ‘In dark days a brave friend to the Jews’ in
Rheim-Neckar Heiliggeist
Newsletter, 8 November 1995.

114
. Richard Gutteridge,
Open the Mouth for the Dumb!: The German Evangelical Church and the Jews 1879–1950
(Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1976), pp. 214–5.

115
. Kenneth Slack,
George Bell
(London: SCM Press Ltd, 1971), p. 56.

116
. Ibid., pp. 58–9.

117
. Ronald C.D. Jasper,
George Bell: Bishop of Chichester
(London: OUP, 1967), p. 141.

118
. Bailey,
A Quaker Couple in Nazi Germany
, p. 82.

119
. Schmitt,
Quakers and Nazis
, p. 182.

120
. H.D. Leuner,
When Compassion was a Crime: Germany’s Silent Heroes 1933–1945
(London: Oswald Wolff, 1966), p. 114.

121
. Werner, ‘A Saintly German Pastor’, p. 7.

122
. William W. Simpson and Ruth Wehl,
The Story of the International Council of Christians and Jews
(London: CCJ, 1988), p. 23.

123
. Ibid., p. 21.

124
. Hermann Maas, translation of a letter to Martha dated 14 August 1947, copied to author by Ron Mower.

125
. Rheim-Neckar Newsletter.

126
. Quoted by her husband, Ron Mower, in a telephone conversation with the author, 19 December 2002.

127
. Rheim-Neckar Newsletter.

128
. Monica Porter,
Deadly Carousel: A Singer’s Story of the Second World War
(London: Quartet, 1990), p. 8.

129
. Ibid., pp. 10–2.

130
. Ibid., p. 16.

131
. Ibid.

132
. Ibid., p. 17.

133
. Vali Rácz, obituary in
The Daily Telegraph
, 27 February 1997.

134
. Porter,
Deadly Carousel
, pp. 19–20.

135
. Ibid., p. 25.

136
. Ibid., p. 27.

137
. Ibid., p. 28.

138
. Ibid., pp. 29, 142.

139
. Monica Porter, e-mail to author, 30 October 2002.

140
. Porter,
Deadly Carousel
, p. 10.

141
. Monica Porter, e-mail to author, 15 November 2002.

142
. Porter,
Deadly Carousel
, p. 185.

143
. Vali Rácz, obituary in
The Daily Telegraph
, 27 February 1997.

144
. ‘Parents and Heroes’,
Home Truths
on BBC Radio 4, September 2002, www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/hometruths/0240heros.shtml, accessed 28 December 2009.

145
. Monica Porter, e-mail to author, 22 December 2009.