The Norman Conquest (85 page)

Norton (Northants),
316

Norway,
29
,
31
,
33
,
60
–
2
,
66
,
155
,
157
,
158
–
60

Norwich (Norfolk),
226
,
258
; castle,
270
,
313
,
334

Nottingham,
219
; castle,
219
,
247

Nottinghamshire,
128

Nuneham Courtenay (Oxon),
277

Odda, earl (d. 1056),
75
,
77
,
95
,
106

Odo, bp of Bayeux, earl of Kent (d. 1096), half-brother of WTC: reputation,
91
,
206
–
7
,
209
,
276
–
7
; probable patron of Bayeux Tapestry,
3
–
4
,
357
; becomes bp of Bayeux,
90
–
1
; counsellor of WTC,
143
; provides ships for invasion,
146
; fights at Hastings,
2
,
4
,
182
,
276
–
7
,
386
; becomes earl of Kent,
202
,
268
,
278
; acts as regent (1067),
202
,
206
–
7
,
209
–
10
,
255
; later periods as regent,
255
,
276
–
8
,
280
; makes grants of land,
277
,
280
; abuse of power,
285
–
286
; harries Northumbria (1080),
290
; downfall and imprisonment (1082),
299
–
302
,
304
,
319
; his lands,
321
; released from prison (1087),
329
; supports Curthose against Rufus,
344

Odo, brother of Henry I of France,
84
–
5

Offa’s Dyke,
292

Olaf II, king of Norway (d. 1030),
155

Olaf III, king of Norway (d. 1093), son of Harold Hardrada,
165

Old Sarum (Wilts),
259
,
318
,
334
;
see also
Salisbury

Orderic Vitalis (
selected references
),
51
,
89
,
218
,
250
,
252
,
268
,
274
–
5
,
302
,
328
–
32
,
348
,
379
; English origins and sympathies of,
175
,
205
–
9
,
218
,
229
–
31
,
250
,
266
,
268
,
286
,
302
,
348
,
379
; on WTC’s death,
328
–
32

Orkney,
158
,
160

Orleans (Loiret),
82

Orne, river,
56
–
7

Osbern (d. 1041), ducal steward,
52
,
55

Osgod Clapa,
62
,
66
,
68

Oslo (Norway),
159

Osmund, WTC’s secretary,
316

Oswine, king of Northumbria (d. 651),
127

Oswulf (d. 1067), nephew of Gospatric,
210
–
11
,
216

Ouse, river,
161
–
2
,
165
,
224

Oxford,
31
–
3
,
38
,
130

Oxfordshire,
195

papacy,
11
,
45
,
91
–
2
,
285
,
300
–
2
;
see
also
Alexander II; Benedict X; Gregory VII; Leo IX

papal banner,
143
,
145
,
201
,
373

papal legates,
16
,
92
,
237
–
9
,
247
;
see also
Ermenfrid

Paris,
3

Parliament,
8
,
97

Paul, abt of St Albans,
260

Peace of God, Truce of God,
50
,
55
,
58
,
61
,
365

peasants,
9
,
26
,
47
–
8
,
315
,
352

Penenden Heath (Kent),
285
–
6
,
301

Penitential Ordinance,
144
,
236
–
7
,
386

Peterborough (Cambs),
244
–
5
; abbey,
123
,
197
,
243
–
5
,
247
,
392
; abt of,
197
;
see also
Turold

Pevensey (Sussex),
171
–
2
,
191
,
202
–
3
; castle,
171
,
174
,
207
; Roman fort,
171

Philip I, king of France (1060–1108),
110
,
254
–
5
,
267
,
272
,
276
,
288
,
304
,
326
–
9

Pickenham (Norfolk),
348

Picot, sheriff of Cambridge,
284
,
311

Le Plessis-Grimoult, castle,
57

Po, river,
302

Poitou,
151
; count of,
80

Poland,
225

Pontefract (Yorks),
228

Ponthieu,
113
,
116
,
167
,
169
; count of,
see
Guy

Portskewett (Gwent),
120
,
292

Pyrenees,
351

Quadripartitus
,
41

Ralph de Gaël, earl of East Anglia,
267
–
70
,
272
,
280
,
321

Ralph fitz Gilbert,
348

Ralph Glaber,
44
,
362

Ralph (of Mantes, ‘the Timid’), earl (d. 1057), nephew of ETC,
75
,
77
,
102
,
105
–
6

Ralph Pagnell,
235
,
278

Ralph Taisson,
57

Ralph (the Staller), earl of East Anglia,
267
–
8

rape
see
women

Rapes
see
Sussex

Reading (Berks), abbey,
349

Regenbald, priest,
215
–
16

Rémalard (Orne), castle,
276

rents,
314
–
15
,
338