The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibility of Life in Capitalist Ruins (50 page)

Matsutake Crusaders,
258
–
59
,
264

matsutake foragers: animals as,
247
; attitudes of, toward the government,
78
,
253
; attitudes of, toward their work,
77
–
78
; background experiences of,
85
–
94
; buyers’ courting of,
81
–
82
; camps of,
72
,
73
–
74
,
100
–
101
(
see also
Open Ticket, Oregon
); and collaborative survival,
19
; commercial,
105
,
246
; earnings of,
82
; freedom of,
68
,
75
–
77
,
79
–
80
; heritage,
246
; invisibility of,
18
; methods of,
241
–
48
; permits for,
78
–
79
,
297n1
; political action involving,
253
–
54
,
319n1
(Part IV); status of,
4

matsutake science,
218
–
25
,
287
,
317n19

matsutake trade: and alienation,
121
,
128
; buying and selling practices in,
75
,
80
–
83
,
126
–
27
,
272
,
321n9
,
321n10
; international,
8
; middlemen in,
66
–
69
; misconceptions about,
58
; in Oregon,
18
; psychology of,
83
; regularization of,
69
; risks in,
67
; translation of commodities and gifts in,
123
–
28

Matsutake Worlds Research Group,
223
,
286

Meiji Restoration,
7
,
111
–
12

Melville, Herman,
Moby-Dick
,
63

Mendel, Gregor,
139

middlemen,
66
–
69

Mien: background on,
30
–
33
,
246
; Christian conversion of,
104
; cultural persistence among,
100
–
101
; matsutake foragers,
14
,
57
,
74
,
76
,
92
,
245
–
46

Mintz, Sidney,
40

modernity,
40
,
140
,
180
,
315n2

modernization: deforestation from Japanese,
186
; harms resulting from,
1
–
3
; narrative of,
2
,
20
–
21
; process of,
40
.
See also
progress

modern synthesis,
140
–
43

Moncalvo, Jean-Marc,
229
–
30
,
234
–
36

money,
111
,
116
–
17

moso
bamboo (
Phyllostachys edulis
),
183
,
260

Moua, Mai Neng,
27

multiculturalism,
100

multispecies environments: growth and development in,
137
–
44
,
309n3
; living spaces of,
5
–
6
; participation in,
264
,
281
–
82
; time making in,
21
; world making in,
22

Munger, Thornton,
312n22

Murata, Hitoshi,
237
–
38

mushroom foragers.
See
matsutake foragers

mushrooms: Cage and,
46
; and indeterminacy,
46
–
47

music,
23
–
24
,
46
,
158

mutualism,
40
,
139
,
220
,
303n16

mycorrhizas,
138
–
39
,
170
,
174
–
75

mythology,
306n1

Nakashimura, Leke,
285

narratives/stories: alternative,
viii
,
2
,
5
–
6
,
18
,
22
–
23
; concepts vs.,
159
; details as essential to,
111
; foraging metaphor for,
287
; knowledge in relation to,
37
; of landscapes,
158
–
63
; about the nonhuman,
155
–
58
; of progress and modernization,
viii
,
2
,
5
–
6
,
18
,
20
–
25
; science’s disregard for,
37
,
157
; units of,
162
.
See also
history

National Environmental Policy Act (1970),
210

national forests,
41
,
196

Native Americans: dispossession of,
197
–
99
; forest stewardship of,
196
; matsutake foragers,
57
; sacred areas for,
74

natural history,
37
,
159

natural selection,
139
–
40

nature: capitalist view of,
62
; conceptions of,
vii
,
217
,
218
; first, second, and third,
viii
; humans in relation to,
3
,
180
,
183
,
186
; interspecies relations characteristic of,
142
; romantic view of,
5
,
7
; scalability imposed on,
38
,
132
,
135
,
140

Negri, Antonio,
65
–
66

neighborliness,
279
–
80

nematodes,
156
–
58
,
261

neoclassical economics,
28

neoliberalism,
42
,
70
,
100

networks,
292n8

Nike,
117
–
18

nonhumans: histories of,
168
; narratives about,
155
–
58
; reaction of, to matsutake,
45
–
46
; world-making projects of,
22
,
292n7
.
See also
animals

nonscalability: disregard for,
38
; emergence of,
42
; of matsutake foragers,
40
; of production,
64
; scalability in relation to,
42
–
43

North Korea,
223
–
24

nostalgia,
48
–
51
,
91
,
186
–
87

noticing: in landscape analysis,
160
; as method,
23
–
24
,
143
; modern perspective as hindrance to,
22
,
37
–
38
; pleasures of,
279
; precarity as condition for,
3
,
4

oaks,
162
,
180
–
81
,
184
–
85
,
188
–
90

Ogawa, Makoto,
48
–
50
,
220

Ohara, Hiroyuki,
221

Olwig, Kenneth,
304n3

Ong, Aihwa,
301n3

ontology,
292n7

open ticket,
75

Open Ticket, Oregon (pseudonym),
72
,
75
–
83
; attitudes toward work in,
77
–
78
; buying and selling practices in,
75
,
80
–
83
,
126
–
27
; character of,
76
–
77
; “ghosts” in,
76
; as livelihood patch,
132
–
33
; regulations in,
78
–
79
,
297n1
,
297n2
; Southeast Asian cultural persistence in,
97
,
100
–
104

Oregon and Pacific Northwest: forest management in,
193
–
202
; forests of,
29
–
30
; frontier romanticism of,
86
; industrial development in,
17
–
18
,
21
; logging and timber industry in,
193
,
195
–
96
,
198
–
200
,
205
–
13
; matsutake in,
42
,
51
–
52
,
57
,
69
,
73
–
83
,
195
,
212
,
233
; mushroom picking in,
13
–
14
,
18
–
19
,
30
,
42
; photographs of,
xiv
,
54
,
60
,
72
,
84
,
96
,
120
,
130
,
136
,
192
,
284
; whites’ beliefs and lifestyles in,
86
,
193
–
94

outsourcing,
143
–
44

Pacific Northwest.
See
Oregon and Pacific Northwest

panspermia hypothesis,
234

Pao, Vang,
32
–
33
,
89
,
102

Papua New Guinea,
315n24

patchiness: of capitalism,
5
,
61
; in contemporary life,
4
–
5
; in science,
218
,
225
,
227

Pathet Lao,
32

Pearson, Thomas,
104

peasant knowledge.
See
vernacular knowledge

peasant landscapes: in China,
187
–
90
; destruction of,
7
; ecological development of,
180
–
87
,
189
–
90
; in Japan,
180
–
87
,
189
–
90
; matsutake in,
171
,
185
–
86
; privatization of,
267
–
74
; restoration of,
8
.
See also
satoyama

Pegues, Juliana Hu,
99

performance, in buying/selling of mushrooms,
81
–
83

pericapitalist sites,
63
,
65
,
278
,
296n4
,
301n2
.
See also
capitalism: noncapitalist elements as part of

Perry, Matthew,
111

Peters, Pauline,
159

Philippines,
210

pines: animals and,
170
; environmental conditions for,
169
,
173
–
74
; in Finland,
167
–
69
,
172
–
76
; and fire,
169
–
70
; forest management and,
168
; history making of,
168
–
72
; human disturbance as condition for,
170
–
71
; matsutake and,
162
,
171
,
220
–
21
; nematodes and,
156
–
57
,
261
; oaks and,
180
–
81
,
184
–
85
,
190
; in Pacific Northwest,
194
; prolific nature of,
169
; seed production of,
174
; uses of,
188
.
See also
Japanese red pine

pine wilt nematodes (
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
),
156
–
58
,
261

plantations,
38
–
40

plants,
138

Plaza Accord (1985),
117

political economy,
23
,
24

politics: assemblages and,
134
–
35
; forager-Forest Service meetings,
253
–
54
; nature of,
254

polyphony,
23
–
24
,
158

ponderosa pines (
Pinus ponderosa
),
30
,
41
–
42
,
195
–
200
,
312n22

population genetics,
28
,
303n16
,
304n19

Portuguese, and colonial plantations,
38
–
39

postcolonial theory,
217
,
315n2

precarity: adaptation as intrinsic to,
27
; central role of,
20
; common experiences of,
1
–
2
,
20
; in contemporary America,
98
; defined,
20
,
29
; of the earth,
3
; of mushroom foragers,
4
; mushrooms’ adaptation to,
2
–
3
; of postwar development,
3
.
See also
indeterminacy

Prigogine, Ilya,
305n13

privatization,
267
–
74
,
285

progress: business linked to,
132
; as capitalist ideology,
5
; end of expectations of,
110
; harms resulting from,
1
,
5
; human-centered nature of,
155
–
56
; ideology of,
viii
,
5
,
18
,
20
–
25
; process of,
40
; and scale,
38
.
See also
modernization

property,
78
–
79

Protestantism,
103
,
104

Pyne, Stephen,
159

quorum sensing,
238

race to the bottom,
64
–
65