Read The Mind and the Brain Online
Authors: Jeffrey M. Schwartz,Sharon Begley
Tags: #General, #Science
self-directed neuroplasticity, 18, 94, 254, 295–96, 318, 340, 368, 372–73
self-mutilation, by laboratory monkeys, 132, 135, 145, 149, 156
sensorimotor retraining program, 220
sensory feedback, 134, 141, 145
sensory homunculus, 170–72, 170, 180, 184, 196
sensory input, 175, 176, 213–15, 225
in cortical reorganization, 204;
see also
use-dependent cortical reorganization
sensory nerves, 137–38, 174
serotonin, 58, 299
Seurat, Georges, 337
Shapiro, Arthur, 238
Shapiro, Elaine, 238
Shatz, Carla, 122
Shear, Jonathan, 290–92
Sherrington, Charles, 37, 54, 105, 137–41, 143, 165–66, 167, 169, 173, 175, 178, 208
Sherringtonian reflexology, 138–39, 141, 142, 143
Silbersweig, David, 312–15
Silverman, Laura, 201–4, 213, 215–16, 218
Silver Spring monkeys, 15, 132–36, 144–62, 167–68, 180, 183–85, 187–90, 195–96, 367
Adidas, 136, 154
Allen, 136, 154, 158, 163
Augustus, 136, 154, 158
Big Boy, 136, 150, 154, 158, 163
Billy, 134, 136, 150, 153, 154, 156–57
Brooks, 136, 153–54
Charlie, 136, 151
Chester, 136, 154
Domitian, 136, 150, 154, 158, 163
Hard Times, 136
Hayden, 136, 154
Montaigne, 136, 154
Nero, 136, 150, 151, 154
Paul, 136, 150, 154, 156
Sarah, 134, 136, 153, 154
Sisyphus, 136, 154
Titus, 136, 150, 154, 158
Singer, Wolf, 49
Sireteanu, Ruxandra, 124–25
Skinner, B. F., 35, 140–41, 299
SLI (specific language impairment), 226–36, 254
Smith, Adam, 11–12
Smith, Robert C., 152
soma, 103
somatosensory cortex, 101, 113–15, 126, 157–59, 167–72, 174–76, 196, 198, 204
cortical reorganization of, 180–81, 183–86, 205, 208–12, 213–14, 223, 225, 226, 338
mapping of, 176–77, 178, 181–82, 208, 209, 210–11, 216
remapping of, 176–77, 179, 180, 182, 208, 214–15, 219–20, 225, 226
somatosensory homunculus,
see
sensory homunculus
somatosensory representation, 170–71, 184, 186, 208, 220
somatosensory strip, 169
Sowell, Elizabeth, 127–28, 129
spandrels, 40
specific language impairment (SLI), 226–36, 254
Spence, Sean, 311
Sperry, Roger, 41–44
spinning disk experiment, 209–10
squirrel monkeys, 175, 178, 205, 206
SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), 58, 72–73
Stapp, Henry Pierce, 16–17, 18, 31, 48, 258–60, 276–83, 285, 288–89, 293–95, 296–98, 300, 321–25, 340, 342–43, 350, 352–57, 361, 374
stem cells, 253
Stern, Emily, 312–15
stimulus-response pairings, 301
Stoics, 23
striatum, 67–68, 71, 72, 85
ventral, 314
striosomes, 68,
69, 73
stroke, 135, 147–48, 160–61, 172, 183, 187–200, 204, 254, 314, 315, 321, 339–40, 360, 367, 371
CI therapy for, 160, 189–95, 213, 234, 235
language in, 99–100, 196–98
learned nonuse in, 147–48
physical therapy for, 187
spontaneous recovery in, 191, 196–97
Studdert-Kennedy, Michael, 235
subject units of distress (SUDs), 59
subthalamic nucleus,
69
, 71
Sudarshan, George, 351, 352–53
sulci, 113
Sullivan, Louis, 158
superpositions, 268, 284, 293, 358
Sur, Mriganka, 101–3
Sutherland, Keith, 292–93
synapses, 12,
104
, 105, 117, 121, 128–29, 166, 223, 252, 258, 284
altering strength of, 106–10
synaptic connections, 120, 208
synaptic efficiency, 110
synaptic gap, 105
synaptogenesis, 117, 127–29, 252
syndactyly, artificial, 181–82, 205, 216
tactile processing, 198
Tallal, Paula, 226–28, 229–32, 234–36, 250
TANs (tonically active neurons), 68–70,
69
Taub, Edward, 132, 253
monkey deafferentation experiments of, 133–37, 180, 183–84, 187–90, 195–96, 367
somatosensory cortex musician
experiment of, 213–15, 218, 220–23
stroke experiments and CI therapy of, 187–96, 198, 213, 234, 254, 321, 339–40, 367
taxi driver study, 250–52
Teasdale, John, 244–50, 254
Tegmark, Max, 286–87
Tegretol (carbamazepine), 97
temporal lobes, 100, 129, 336
left, 197
right, 97–98
thalamic axons, 113–14
thalamus,
63
, 67,
69
, 71, 85, 90, 91,
94
, 98, 113, 114, 241, 314
auditory, 102
thought experiments, 344, 346, 347
tinnitus, 221–23
tonically active neurons (TANs), 68–70,
69
tonotopic map, tinnitus and, 222
tonotopic reorganization, 338
Tourette, Georges Gilles de la, 238
Tourette’s syndrome, 237–44, 250, 254
cognitive-behavioral therapy and, 239, 242–44
drug therapies for, 238–39
Four Step regimen for, 236–37, 240–43
mindfulness approaches to, 239–44
symptoms of, 237
Transcendental Meditation, 291
trophic factors, 116
ulnar nerve, 177
Ungerleider, Leslie, 327, 331
use-dependent cortical reorganization, 193, 194, 204, 214–16, 218, 222
Valium, 105
Varela, Francisco, 360
vesicles,
104, 363
vipassana
, 370
vision, 26–27, 169
visual cortex, 27, 101, 103, 116, 120–23, 125–26, 167, 177, 183, 198, 223, 225, 313, 327–29, 331, 337
volition, 50, 130, 250, 292, 365
attention and, 297, 298, 309, 310, 314, 317, 320, 324–25, 326, 330, 335–37, 338, 342, 361, 364, 368–71
in Buddhism, 293–94, 303, 308, 310, 317, 321, 370, 375
in Cartesian dualism, 33, 36
consciousness and, 19, 52, 272, 279, 302, 307, 310, 313–17, 322, 360, 369, 373
effortless, 301
“free won’t” model of, 296, 306, 307
karma and, 294, 310, 321, 369, 370–71, 375
OCD and, 291, 295, 341, 355
prefrontal cortex and, 311–12
quantum physics and, 16–17, 37–38, 276, 278, 293–94, 298, 319–20, 321–22, 325, 361, 364
see also
free will
volitional movement, 141, 301
von Neumann, John, 31, 280, 283–84, 286, 319
Wall, Patrick, 168
Wang, Xiaoqin, 215–16, 228, 230–31
Watson, James, 48
Watson, John B., 2, 6, 35, 259
wave function, 268–74, 275–76, 280, 281, 285,288,352,
363
collapse of the, 269–73, 288
waves, 264, 265, 266, 268, 269
probability, 276
Weiller, Cornelius, 192, 196–97, 198
Wernicke’s region, 169, 197, 198–99
Wheeler, John Archibald, 263, 271, 274, 349
Whitehead, Alfred North, 45
white matter, 129
Wiesel, Torsten, 122–23, 149, 167, 177, 178, 181–82
Wigner, Eugene, vii, 261, 274, 276, 283, 286, 319, 361
will,
see
free will; volition
Williams, Mark, 244
willpower, 298
see also
free will; volition
Wilson, Reid, 91
Wolf, Steve, 188
Wyngaarden, James, 152
yoga nidra, 9
Young, Thomas, 264–66
Ypsilantis, Tom, 343
Zangwill, Oliver, 43
Zellinger, Anton, 262
Zeno of Elea, 351
Zoloft, 58
J
EFFREY
M. S
CHWARTZ
, M.D.
, a research professor of psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine, is also the author of
Brain Lock
and
Dear Patrick
. He lives in Los Angeles, California.
S
HARON
B
EGLEY
is the award-winning science columnist for the
Wall Street Journal
; before that she was a senior science writer for
Newsweek
. She lives in Pelham, New York.
Visit www.AuthorTracker.com for exclusive information on your favorite HarperCollins author.
Brain Lock
(with Beverly Beyette)
A Return to Innocence
(with Annie Gottlieb and Patrick Buckley)
THE MIND AND THE BRAIN
. Copyright © 2002 by Jeffrey M. Schwartz and Sharon Begley. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
Adobe Digital Edition June 2009 ISBN 978-0-06-196198-4
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Australia
HarperCollins Publishers (Australia) Pty. Ltd.
25 Ryde Road (PO Box 321)
Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia
http://www.harpercollinsebooks.com.au
Canada
HarperCollins Publishers Ltd.
55 Avenue Road, Suite 2900
Toronto, ON, M5R, 3L2, Canada
http://www.harpercollinsebooks.ca
New Zealand
HarperCollinsPublishers (New Zealand) Limited
P.O. Box 1
Auckland, New Zealand
http://www.harpercollins.co.nz
United Kingdom
HarperCollins Publishers Ltd.
77-85 Fulham Palace Road
London, W6 8JB, UK
http://www.harpercollinsebooks.co.uk
United States
HarperCollins Publishers Inc.
10 East 53rd Street
New York, NY 10022
http://www.harpercollinsebooks.com
*
By 1947, however, Sherrington was arguing that the power of the mind could markedly influence these reflexes. “The psychical may influence the physical act,” he said. “Further, it is claimed that the psychical can increase the reactivity of the body’s physical system…. [I]t is clear that the body/mind liaison provides in a largely physical world the means of giving expression to the psychical.”