The Mediterranean Zone (35 page)

Massoumi R and Sjolander A. “The inflammatory mediator leukotriene D4 triggers a rapid reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton in human intestinal epithelial cells.” Eur J Cell Biol 76: 185–191 (1998)

Mensink RP and Katan MB. “Effect of dietary trans fatty acids on high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy subjects.” N Engl J Med 323: 439–445 (1990)

Moss M.
Salt Sugar Fat: How the Food Giants Hooked Us.
Random House, NY (2013)

Mozaffarian D, Aro A, and Willett WC. “Health effects of trans-fatty acids: experimental and observational evidence.” Eur J Clin Nutr 63: S5–S21 (2009)

Perlmutter D.
Grain Brain: The Surprising Truth about Wheat, Carbs, and Sugar-Your Brain’s Silent Killers
. Little, Brown and Company. New York, NY (2013)

Poledne R. “A new atherogenetic effect of saturated fatty acids.” Physiol Res 62: 139–143 (2013)

Ramsden CE, Hibbeln JR, Majchrzak SF, and Davis JM. “n-6 fatty acid-specific and mixed polyunsaturate dietary interventions have different effects on CHD risk: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.” Br J Nutr 104: 1586–600 (2010)

Ramsden CE, Zamora D, Leelarthaepin B, Majchrzak-Hong SF, Faurot KR, Suchindran CM, Ringel A, Davis JM, and Hibbeln JR. “Use of dietary linoleic acid for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death: evaluation of recovered data from the Sydney Diet Heart Study and updated meta-analysis.” BMJ 346: e8707 (2013)

Ratnesar R. “Against the Grain.” Time. December 15, 1997 (1997)

Raz O, Steinvil A, Berliner S, Rosenzweig T, Justo D, and Shapira I. “The effect of two iso-caloric meals containing equal amounts of fats with a different fat composition on the inflammatory and metabolic markers in apparently healthy volunteers.” J Inflamm 10: 3 (2013)

Rippe JM and Angelopoulos TJ. “Sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup, and fructose their metabolism and potential health effects: What do we really know?” Adv Nutr 4: 236–245 (2013)

Roach C, Feller SE, Ward JA, Shaikh SR, Zerouga M, and Stillwell W. “Comparison of cis and trans fatty acid containing phosphatidylcholines on membrane properties.” Biochemistry 43: 6344–6351 (2004)

Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, Mirrahimi A, Yu ME, Carleton AJ, Beyene J, Chiavaroli L, Di Buono M, Jenkins AL, Leiter LA, Wolever TM, Kendall CW, and Jenkins DJ. “Effect of fructose on body weight in controlled feeding trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Ann Intern Med 156: 291–304 (2012)

Sievenpiper JL, Chiavaroli L, de Souza RJ, Mirrahimi A, Cozma AI, Ha V, Wang DD, Yu ME, Carleton AJ, Beyene J, Di Buono M, Jenkins AL, Leiter LA, Wolever TM, Kendall CW, and Jenkins DJ. “Catalytic doses of fructose may benefit glycaemic control without harming cardiometabolic risk factors: a small meta-analysis of randomised controlled feeding trials.” Br J Nutr 108: 418–423 (2012)

Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, Cozma AI, Chavaroli L, Ha V, and Mirrhimi A. “Fructose vs. glucose and metabolism.” Current Opin Lipidology 25: 8–19 (2014)

Silk DB, Grimble GK, and Rees RG. “Protein digestion and amino acid and peptide absorption.” Proc Nutr Soc 44: 63–72 (1985)

Siri-Tarino PW, Sun Q, Hu FB, and Krauss RM. “Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the association of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease.” Am J Clin Nutr 91: 535–546 (2010)

Sundram K, Karupaiah T, and Hayes KC. “Stearic acid-rich interesterified fat and trans-rich fat raise the LDL/HDL ratio and plasma glucose relative to palm olein in humans.” Nutr Metab 4: 3 (2007)

Wang D, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, Cozma AI, Chiavaroli L, Ha V, Mirrahimi A, Carleton AJ, Di Buono M, Jenkins AL, Leiter LA, Wolever TM, Beyene J, Kendall CW, and Jenkins D. “Effect of fructose on postprandial triglycerides: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials.” Atherosclerosis 232: 125–133 (2014)

White JS. “Challenging the fructose hypothesis.” Adv Nutr 4: 246–256 (2013)

Ailhaud G, Massiera F, Weill P, Legrand P, Alessandri JM, and Guesnet P. “Temporal changes in dietary fats: role of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in excessive adipose tissue development and relationship to obesity.” Prog Lipid Res 45: 203–206 (2006)

Ailhaud G, Guesnet P, and Cunnane SC. “An emerging risk factor for obesity: does disequilibrium of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism contribute to excessive adipose tissue development?” Br J Nutr 100: 461–470 (2008)

Ailhaud G. “Omega-6 fatty acids and excessive adipose tissue development.” World Rev Nutr Diet 98: 51–61 (2008)

Alvheim AR, Malde MK, Osei-Hyiaman D, Lin YH, Pawlosky RJ, Madsen L, Kristiansen K, Froyland L, and Hibbeln JR. “Dietary linoleic acid elevates endogenous 2-AG and anandamide and induces obesity.” Obesity 10: 1984–1994 (2012)

Alvheim AR, Torstensen BE, Lin YH, Lillefosse HH, Lock EJ, Madsen L, Froyland L,
Hibbeln JR, and Malde MK. “Dietary linoleic acid elevates the endocannabinoids 2-AG and anandamide and promotes weight gain in mice fed a low fat diet.” Lipids 49: 59–69 (2014)

Bayarsaihan D. “Epigenetic mechanisms in inflammation.” J Dent Res 90: 9–17 (2011)

Belfort MB, Rifas-Shiman SL, Kleinman KP, Guthrie LB, Bellinger DC, Taveras EM, Gillman MW, and Oken E. “Infant feeding and childhood cognition at ages 3 and 7 years: Effects of breastfeeding duration and exclusivity.” JAMA Pediatr 167: 836–844 (2013)

Blasbalg TL, Hibbeln JR, Ramsden CE, Majchrzak SF, and Rawlings RR. “Changes in consumption of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the United States during the 20th century.” Am J Clin Nutr 93: 950–962 (2011)

Chalon S, Vancassel S, Zimmer L, Guilloteau D, and Durand G. “Polyunsaturated fatty acids and cerebral function: focus on monoaminergic neurotransmission.” Lipids 36: 937–944 (2001)

Chong S and Whitelaw E. “Epigenetic germline inheritance.” Curr Opin Genet Dev 14: 692–696 (2004)

Ding Y, Li J, Liu S, Zhang L, Xiao H, Li J, Chen H, Petersen RB, Huang K, and Zheng L. “DNA hypomethylation of inflammation-associated genes in adipose tissue of female mice after multigenerational high fat diet feeding.” Int J Obes 38: 198–204 (2014)

Grayson DS, Kroenke CD, Neuringer M, and Fair DA. “Dietary omega-3 fatty acids modulate large-scale systems organization in the rhesus macaque brain.” J Neurosci 34: 2065–2074 (2014)

Hanbauer I, Rivero-Covelo I, Maloku E, Baca A, Hu Q, Hibbeln JR, and Davis JM. “The decrease of n-3 fatty acid energy percentage in an equicaloric diet fed to B6C3Fe mice for three generations elicits obesity.” Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol 2009: 867041 (2009)

Massiera F, Saint-Marc P, Seydoux J, Murata T, Kobayashi T, Narumiya S, Guesnet P, Amri EZ, Negrel R, and Ailhaud G. “Arachidonic acid and prostacyclin signaling promote adipose tissue development: a human health concern?” J Lipid Res 44: 271–279 (2003)

Massiera F, Barbry p, Guesnet P, Joly A, Luquet S, Moreihon-Brest C, Moshen-Kanson T, Amri EZ, and Ailhaud G. “A western-like diet is sufficient to induce a gradual enhancement in fat mass over generations.” J Lipid Res 51: 2352–2361 (2010)

Muhlauser BS, Cook-Johnson R, James M, Miljkovic D, Duthoit E, and Gibson R. “Opposing effects of omega-3 and omega-6 long polyunsaturated fatty acids on the expression of lipogenic genes in omental and retroperitoneal adipose depots in the rat.” J Nutr Metabol 2010: 1–9 (2010)

Mulhausler BS and Ailhaud GP. “Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid and the early origins of obesity.” Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 20: 55–61 (2013)

Olshansky SJ, Passaro DJ, Hershow RC, Layden J, Carnes BA, Brody J, Hayflick L, Butler RN, Allison DB, and Ludwig DS. “A potential decline in life expectancy in the United States in the 21st century.” N Engl J Med 352: 1138–1145 (2005)

Ravelli AC, van Der Meulen JH, Osmond C, Barker DJ, and Bleker OP. “Obesity at the age of 50 y in men and women exposed to famine prenatally.” Am J Clin Nutr 70: 811–816 (1999)

Roseboom TJ, van der Meulen JH, Ravelli AC, Osmond C, Barker DJ, and Bleker OP. “Effects of prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine on adult disease in later life: an overview.” Mol Cell Endocrinol 185: 93–98 (2001)

Roseboom TJ and Watson ED. “The next generation of disease risk: are the effects of prenatal nutrition transmitted across generations?” Placenta 33: e40–e44 (2012)

Painter RC, de Rooij SR, Bossuyt PM, Simmers TA, Osmond C, Barker DJ, Bleker OP, and Roseboom TJ. “Early onset of coronary artery disease after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine.” Am J Clin Nutr 84: 322–327 (2006)

Tollefsbol T (ed).
Epigenetics in Human Disease.
Academic Press. New York, NY (2012)

Tollefsbol TO. “Dietary epigenetics in cancer and aging.” Cancer Treat Res 159: 257–267 (2014)

Bayarsaihan D. “Epigenetic mechanisms in inflammation.” J Dent Res 90: 9–17 (2011)

Crane PK, Walker R, Hubbard RA, Li G, Nathan DM, Zheng H, Haneuse S, Craft S, Montine TJ, Kahn SE, McCormick W, McCurry SM, Bowen JD, and Larson EB. “Glucose levels and risk of dementia.” N Engl J Med 369: 540–548 (2013)

James BD, Leurgans SE, Hebert LE, Scherr PA, Yaffe K, and Bennett DA. “Contribution of Alzheimer disease to mortality in the United States.” Neurology 82: 1045–1050 (2014)

Goldman DP, Cutler D, Rowe JW, Michaud P, Sullivan, J, Peneva K, and Olshansky SJ. “Substantial health and economic returns from delayed aging may warrant a new focus for medical research.” Health Affairs 32: 1698–1705 (2013)

Hanbauer I, Rivero-Covelo I, Maloku E, Baca A, Hu Q, Hibbeln JR, and Davis JM. “The decrease of n-3 fatty acid energy percentage in an equicaloric diet fed to B6C3Fe mice for three generations elicits obesity.” Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol 2009: 867041 (2009)

Holmes C. “Review: systemic inflammation and Alzheimer’s disease.” Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 39: 51–68 (2013)

Sears B.
The Zone
. Regan Books. New York, NY (1995)

Sears B.
Mastering the Zone
. Regan Books. New York, NY (1997)

Sears B.
The Anti-Aging Zone
. Regan Books. New York, NY (1999)

Sears B.
The OmegaRx Zone
. Regan Books. New York, NY (2002)

Sears B.
The Anti-Inflammation Zone
. Regan Books. New York, NY (2005)

Sears B.
Toxic Fat
. Thomas Nelson. Nashville, TN (2008)

Spite M, Claria J, and Serhan CN. “Resolvins, specialized proresolving lipid mediators and their potential roles in metabolic diseases.” Cell Metabolism 19: 21–36 (2014)

Tollefsbol T (ed).
Epigenetics in Human Disease.
Academic Press. New York, NY (2012)

Tollesfsbol TO. “Dietary epigenetics in cancer and aging.” Cancer Treat Res 159: 257–267 (2014)

Appel S, Mirakaj V, Bringmann A, Weck MM, Grunebach F, and Brossart P. “PPAR-gamma agonists inhibit toll-like receptor-mediated activation of dendritic cells via the MAP kinase and NF-kappaB pathways.” Blood 106: 3888–3894 (2005)

Arbo I, Halle C, Malik D, Brattbakk HR, and Johansen B. “Insulin induces fatty acid desaturase expression in human monocytes.” Scand J Clin Lab Invest 71: 330–339 (2011)

Blasbalg TL, Hibbeln JR, Ramsden CE, Majchrzak SF, and Rawlings RR. “Changes in consumption of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the United States during the 20th century.” Am J Clin Nutr 93: 950–962 (2011)

Brenner RR. “Hormonal modulation of delta-6 and delta-5 desaturases: case of diabetes.” Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 68: 151–162 (2003)

Chakrabarti SK, Cole BK, Wen Y, Keller SR, and Nadler JL. “12/15-lipoxygenase products induce inflammation and impair insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.” Obesity 17: 1657–1663 (2009)

Chapkin RS, McMurray DN, Davidson LA, Patil BS, Fan YY, and Lupton JR. “Bioactive dietary long-chain fatty acids: emerging mechanisms of action.” Br J Nutr 100: 1152–1157 (2008)

Chen CT, Liu Z, Ouellet M, Calon F, and Bazinet RP. “Rapid beta-oxidation of eicosapentaenoic acid in mouse brain: an in situ study.” Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 80: 157–163 (2009)

Chen CT, Liu Z, and Bazinet RP. “Rapid de-esterification and loss of eicosapentaenoic acid from rat brain phospholipids: an intracerebroventricular study.” J Neurochem 116: 363–373 (2011)

el Boustani S, Causse JE, Descomps B, Monnier L, Mendy F, and Crastes de Paulet A. “Direct in vivo characterization of delta 5 desaturase activity in humans by deuterium labeling: effect of insulin.” Metabolism 38: 315–321 (1989)

Farooqui AA. “n-3 fatty acid-derived lipid mediators in the brain: new weapons against oxidative stress and inflammation.” Curr Med Chem 19: 532–543 (2012)

Harris WS, Pottala JV, Varvel SA, Borowski JJ, Ward JN, and McConnell JP. “Erythrocyte omega-3 fatty acids increase and linoleic acid decreases with age: observations from 160,000 patients.” Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 88: 257–263 (2013)

Kawabata T, Hirota S, Hirayama T, Adachi N, Hagiwara C, Iwama N, Kamachi K, Araki E, Kawashima H, and Kiso Y. “Age-related changes of dietary intake and blood eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid levels in Japanese men and women.” Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 84: 131–137 (2011)

Li Q, Wang M, Tan L, Wang C, Ma J, Li N, Li Y, Xu G, and Li J. “Docosahexaenoic acid changes lipid composition and interleukin-2 receptor signaling in membrane rafts.” J Lipid Res 46: 1904–1913 (2005)

Martinez-Clemente M, Claria J, and Titos E. “The 5-lipoxygenase/leukotriene pathway in obesity, insulin resistance, and fatty liver disease.” Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 14: 347–353 (2011)

Mori TA, Burke V, Puddey IB, Watts GF, O’Neal DN, Best JD, and Beilin LJ. “Purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids have differential effects on serum lipids
and lipoproteins, LDL particle size, glucose, and insulin in mildly hyperlipidemic men.” Am J Clin Nutr 71: 1085–1094 (2000)

Pelikanova T, Kohout M, Base J, Stefka Z, Kovar J, Kazdova L, and Valek J. “Effect of acute hyperinsulinemia on fatty acid composition of serum lipids in non-insulin-dependent diabetics and healthy men.” Clin Chim Acta 203: 329–337 (1991)

Plourde M and Cunnane SC. “Extremely limited synthesis of long chain polyunsaturates in adults: implications for their dietary essentiality and use as supplements.” Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 32: 619–634 (2007)