Read The Mediterranean Zone Online
Authors: Dr. Barry Sears
Food ingredient
:
Apple
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
136
ORAC (100 g)
:
3,049
Food ingredient
:
Raspberry
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
107
ORAC (100 g)
:
5,065
Food ingredient
:
Peach
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
54
ORAC (100 g)
:
1,922
Food ingredient
:
Nectarine
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
20
ORAC (100 g)
:
919
Food ingredient
:
Apricot
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
15
ORAC (100 g)
:
1,100
Food ingredient
:
Pear
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
11
ORAC (100 g)
:
1,746
Food ingredient
:
Artichoke head
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
154
ORAC (100 g)
:
6,552
Food ingredient
:
Red onion
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
99
ORAC (100 g)
:
913
Food ingredient
:
Spinach
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
68
ORAC (100 g)
:
1,513
Food ingredient
:
Broccoli
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
21
ORAC (100 g)
:
1,510
Food ingredient
:
Red lettuce
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
14
ORAC (100 g)
:
2,426
Food ingredient
:
Asparagus
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
11
ORAC (100 g)
:
1,644
Food ingredient
:
Carrot
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
7
ORAC (100 g)
:
697
Food ingredient
:
Soybean
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
153
ORAC (100 g)
:
5,409
Food ingredient
:
Black bean
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
36
ORAC (100 g)
:
8,494
Food ingredient
:
White bean
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
31
ORAC (100 g)
:
unknown
Food ingredient
:
Tofu
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
25
ORAC (100 g)
:
unknown
Food ingredient
:
Flaxseed
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
1,220
ORAC (100 g)
:
unknown
Food ingredient
:
Rye
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
143
ORAC (100 g)
:
unknown
Food ingredient
:
Wheat
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
71
ORAC (100 g)
:
unknown
Food ingredient
:
Oat
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
37
ORAC (100 g)
:
unknown
Food ingredient
:
Chestnut
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
1,215
ORAC (100 g)
:
unknown
Food ingredient
:
Pecan
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
493
ORAC (100 g)
:
unknown
Food ingredient
:
Almond
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
185
ORAC (100 g)
:
unknown
Food ingredient
:
Extra-virgin olive oil
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
33
ORAC (100 g)
:
372
Food ingredient
:
Walnut
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
28
ORAC (100 g)
:
unknown
Food ingredient
:
Coffee, filtered
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
105
ORAC (100 g)
:
unknown
Food ingredient
:
Red wine
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
91
ORAC (100 g)
:
3,607
Food ingredient
:
Green tea
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
82
ORAC (100 g)
:
1,128
Food ingredient
:
White wine
Polyphenols (mg/100 g or 100 ml)
:
9
ORAC (100 g)
:
392
Although there is a correlation between ORAC values and polyphenol levels, there is also great variability. This is because ORAC values are measuring both polyphenols and non-polyphenol anti-oxidants. The richest food source of polyphenols is cocoa powder. Although cocoa is really a fruit, I put it into a separate category as chocolate. Cocoa power is not only
among one of the best sources of polyphenols but also one of the most user-friendly food ingredients. But the “best of the best” for polyphenol content appears to be the highly purified extract from the maqui berry, which contains 25 percent by weight of delphinidins. It is the only purified polyphenol (known by the trade name Delphinol) that also has GRAS status as a food additive. Adding Delphinol to cocoa powder gives you “super chocolate” that is great way for making healthy chocolate desserts ideally suited for the Mediterranean Zone.
Agus MS, Swain JF, Larson CL, Eckert EA, and Ludwig DS. “Dietary composition and physiologic adaptations to energy restriction.” Am J Clin Nutr 71: 901–907 (2000)
Dumesnil JG, Turgeon J, Tremblay A, Poirier P, Gilbert M, Gagnon L, St-Pierre S, Garneau C, Lemieux I, Pascot A, Bergeron J, and Despres JP. “Effect of a low-glycaemic index—low-fat—high protein diet on the atherogenic metabolic risk profile of abdominally obese men.” Br J Nutr 86: 557–568 (2001)
Ebbeling CB, Leidig MM, Feldman HA, Lovesky MM, and Ludwig DS. “Effects of a low-glycemic load vs low-fat diet in obese young adults: a randomized trial.” JAMA 297: 2092–2102 (2007)
Gannon MC and Nuttall FQ. “Control of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes without weight loss by modification of diet composition.” Nutr Metab 3: 16 (2006)
Hamdy O and Carver C. “The Why WAIT program: improving clinical outcomes through weight management in type 2 diabetes.” Curr Diab Rep 8: 413–420 (2008)
Johnston CS, Tjonn SL, Swan PD, White A, Hutchins H, and Sears B. “Ketogenic low-carbohydrate diets have no metabolic advantage over nonketogenic low-carbohydrate diets.” Am J Clin Nutr 83: 1055–1061 (2006)
Lasker DA, Evans EM, and Layman DK. “Moderate carbohydrate, moderate protein weight loss diet reduces cardiovascular disease risk compared to high carbohydrate, low protein diet in obese adults: A randomized clinical trial.” Nutr Metab 5: 30 (2008)
Layman DK, Boileau RA, Erickson DJ, Painter JE, Shiue H, Sather C, and Christou DD. “A reduced ratio of dietary carbohydrate to protein improves body composition and blood lipid profiles during weight loss in adult women.” J Nutr 133: 411–417 (2003)
Layman DK, Shiue H, Sather C, Erickson DJ, and Baum J. “Increased dietary protein modifies glucose and insulin homeostasis in adult women during weight loss.” J Nutr 133: 405–410 (2003)
Layman DK, Evans EM, Erickson D, Seyler J, Weber J, Bagshaw D, Griel A, Psota T, and Kris-Etherton P. “A moderate-protein diet produces sustained weight loss and long-term changes in body composition and blood lipids in obese adults.” J Nutr 139: 514–521 (2009)
Ludwig DS, Majzoub JA, Al-Zahrani A, Dallal GE, Blanco I, and Roberts SB. “High glycemic index foods, overeating, and obesity.” Pediatrics 103: E26 (1999)
Markovic TP, Campbell LV, Balasubramanian S, Jenkins AB, Fleury AC, Simons LA, and Chisholm DJ. “Beneficial effect on average lipid levels from energy restriction and fat loss in obese individuals with or without type 2 diabetes.” Diabetes Care 21: 695–700 (1998)
Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Saeed A, Jordan K, and Hoover H. “The metabolic response of subjects with type 2 diabetes to a high-protein, weight-maintenance diet.” J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003 88: 3577–3583 (2003)
Oates JA. “The 1982 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.” Science 218: 765–768 (1982)
Pereira MA, Swain J, Goldfine AB, Rifai N, and Ludwig DS. “Effects of a low-glycemic load diet on resting energy expenditure and heart disease risk factors during weight loss.” JAMA 292: 2482–2490 (2004)
Sears B.
The Zone
. Regan Books. New York, NY (1995)
Sears B.
The OmegaRx Zone
. Regan Books. New York, NY (2002)
Tollefsbol T (ed).
Epigenetics in Human Disease
. Academic Press. New York, NY (2012)
Alzheimer’s Organization. 2013 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures. (2013)
Crane PK, Walker R, Hubbard RA, Li G, Nathan DM, Zheng H, Haneuse S, Craft S, Montine TJ, Kahn SE, McCormick W, McCurry SM, Bowen JD, and Larson EB. “Glucose levels and risk of dementia.” N Engl J Med 369: 540–548 (2013)
James BD, Leurgans SE, Hebert LE, Scherr PA, Yaffe K, and Bennett DA. “Contribution of Alzheimer disease to mortality in the United States.” Neurology 82: 1045–1050 (2014)
Holmes C. “Review: systemic inflammation and Alzheimer’s disease.” Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 39: 51–68 (2013)
Mehla J, Chauhan BC, and Chauhan NB. “Experimental induction of type 2 diabetes in aging-accelerated mice triggered Alzheimer-like pathology and memory deficits.” J Alzheimer’s Dis 39: 145–162 (2014)
Ohara T, Doi Y, Ninomiya T, Hirakawa Y, Hata J, Iwaki T, Kanba S, and Kiyohara Y. “Glucose tolerance status and risk of dementia in the community: the Hisayama study.” Neurology 77: 1126–1134 (2011)
Sears B.
The Zone.
Regan Books. New York, NY (1995)
Spite M, Claria J, and Serhan CN. “Resolvins, specialized proresolving lipid mediators and their potential roles in metabolic diseases.” Cell Metabolism 19: 21–36 (2014)
Wang X, Zhu M, Hjorth E, Cortés-Toro V, Eyjolfsdottir H, Graff C, Nennesmo I, Palmblad J, Eriksdotter M, Sambamurti K, Fitzgerald JM, Serhan CN, Granholm AC, and Schultzberg M. “Resolution of inflammation is altered in Alzheimer’s disease.” Alzheimers Dement 10: doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.12.024 (2014)
Alzheimer’s Organization. 2013 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures. (2013)
Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, and Stryer L.
Biochemistry, 5th edition
. W.H. Freeman. New York, NY (2002)
Blasbalg TL, Hibbeln JR, Ramsden CE, Majchrzak SF, and Rawlings RR. “Changes in consumption of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the United States during the 20th century.” Am J Clin Nutr 93: 950–962 (2011)