The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn (85 page)
Read The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn Online
Authors: Eric Ives
62
Ibid., ii.307 [
LP
, viii.46].
Ibid., ii.307 [
LP
, viii.46].
63
For the following see ibid., iv.828, 829, 830a, 830, 833; ii.380; iv.835, 836; ii.492a, 497, 502a, 506; iii.658a, 658, iv.842; iii.668 [
LP
, viii.232, 353, 371, 378, 545, 664, 939, 1028, 1984; ix.898, 951, 1004, 1033; viii.110; x.499, 559, 573, 608 ].
For the following see ibid., iv.828, 829, 830a, 830, 833; ii.380; iv.835, 836; ii.492a, 497, 502a, 506; iii.658a, 658, iv.842; iii.668 [
LP
, viii.232, 353, 371, 378, 545, 664, 939, 1028, 1984; ix.898, 951, 1004, 1033; viii.110; x.499, 559, 573, 608 ].
64
Ibid., iii.658 [
LP
, x.499].
Ibid., iii.658 [
LP
, x.499].
65
LP,
Add.991.
LP,
Add.991.
66
BL, Harleian MS 303, nos. 4 and 5.
BL, Harleian MS 303, nos. 4 and 5.
67
LP
, vi.6.
LP
, vi.6.
68
25 Henry VIII c.25; BL, Harleian MS 303, ff. 16, 23v, 24 [
LP,
vii.419(25)]. ].
25 Henry VIII c.25; BL, Harleian MS 303, ff. 16, 23v, 24 [
LP,
vii.419(25)]. ].
69
Hamilton, in
State
,
Sovereigns and Society,
p. 89.
Hamilton, in
State
,
Sovereigns and Society,
p. 89.
70
LP,
vi.1189.
LP,
vi.1189.
71
Lisle Letters
, ii.147 [
LP
, vii.349 ]; cf. the appearance of even-handedness in the act for Katherine as princess dowager: 25 Henry VIII c.28.
Lisle Letters
, ii.147 [
LP
, vii.349 ]; cf. the appearance of even-handedness in the act for Katherine as princess dowager: 25 Henry VIII c.28.
72
LP
, iii.2239; viii.962(1) .
LP
, iii.2239; viii.962(1) .
73
LP,
vi.1189; vii.352.
LP,
vi.1189; vii.352.
74
LP
, vi.1188. This is wrongly dated in
LP
; it follows the legislation that received the royal assent on 20 Mar. 1534.
LP
, vi.1188. This is wrongly dated in
LP
; it follows the legislation that received the royal assent on 20 Mar. 1534.
75
LP
, v.1274(3). A few of Anne’s leases do survive in RO, E328.
LP
, v.1274(3). A few of Anne’s leases do survive in RO, E328.
76
RO, SC6 Hen. VIII, 6680 [
LP,
ix.477].
RO, SC6 Hen. VIII, 6680 [
LP,
ix.477].
77
RO, SP 1/104 ff. 1v-16 [
LP
, x.914].
RO, SP 1/104 ff. 1v-16 [
LP
, x.914].
78
LP,
ix.478.
LP,
ix.478.
79
Hist. Mss. Comm.,
Rutland Mss.,
iv.272, 276-7.
Hist. Mss. Comm.,
Rutland Mss.,
iv.272, 276-7.
80
RO, E101/421/13.
RO, E101/421/13.
81
LP,
vi.1194, 1382, 1589. No doubt the object was to enhance the appearance of Anne’s attendants when on progress, etc.
LP,
vi.1194, 1382, 1589. No doubt the object was to enhance the appearance of Anne’s attendants when on progress, etc.
82
RO, SPI/104 ff. lv-16 [LP, x.914].
RO, SPI/104 ff. lv-16 [LP, x.914].
83
W. Loke, ‘Account of materials furnished for the use of Anne Boleyn and Princess Elizabeth, 1535-6’, in
Miscellanea of the Philobiblon Society
, vii (1862). The Lok bill covers the period 20 Jan. to 27 Apr. 1536, but the total,£12415s. 2
d
., disagrees with the equivalent figure in the list of debts, £123 10s. 6
d
.: RO, SP 1/104 f. 1v. The end of the bill is missing, and a minor deduction there could account for the difference; the bill does contain mistakes.
W. Loke, ‘Account of materials furnished for the use of Anne Boleyn and Princess Elizabeth, 1535-6’, in
Miscellanea of the Philobiblon Society
, vii (1862). The Lok bill covers the period 20 Jan. to 27 Apr. 1536, but the total,£12415s. 2
d
., disagrees with the equivalent figure in the list of debts, £123 10s. 6
d
.: RO, SP 1/104 f. 1v. The end of the bill is missing, and a minor deduction there could account for the difference; the bill does contain mistakes.
84
Inventory,
no. 398;
LP,
viii.197. Lok was a keen reformer: see p. 273.
Inventory,
no. 398;
LP,
viii.197. Lok was a keen reformer: see p. 273.
85
Wolsey, ed. Skinner, p. 461.
Wolsey, ed. Skinner, p. 461.
86
RO, SP 1/103 ff. 322-7 [
LP
, x.913].
RO, SP 1/103 ff. 322-7 [
LP
, x.913].
87
BL, Harleian MS 303, no. 3.
BL, Harleian MS 303, no. 3.
88
See pp. 87-8.
See pp. 87-8.
89
Nicolas,
Privy Purse
, pp. 88-267.
Nicolas,
Privy Purse
, pp. 88-267.
90
Ibid., p.101.
Ibid., p.101.
91
Ibid., p. 113.
Ibid., p. 113.
92
The primary reference of ‘farm’ is to income, but the implication of ‘place’ was known by at least the mid-century.
The primary reference of ‘farm’ is to income, but the implication of ‘place’ was known by at least the mid-century.
93
Nicolas,
Privy Purse
, pp. 272-7. Apparently playing for crowns (worth 4
s
. 8
d
.).
Nicolas,
Privy Purse
, pp. 272-7. Apparently playing for crowns (worth 4
s
. 8
d
.).
1
Anglo,
Spectacle
, pp. 57, 186, 248-9, 258. Kipling, in
Civic Ritual,
p. 44.
Anglo,
Spectacle
, pp. 57, 186, 248-9, 258. Kipling, in
Civic Ritual,
p. 44.
2
Hall,
Chronicle,
p. 800.
Hall,
Chronicle,
p. 800.
3
BL, Add. MS 9835, f. 22 [
LP,
x.1016]; see p. 228.
BL, Add. MS 9835, f. 22 [
LP,
x.1016]; see p. 228.
4
For the following see pp. 173-81 and Kipling, in
Civic Ritual,
pp. 39-79. Cromwell’s papers included a paper of preparations devised for the receiving of the Queen’s Grace into London:
LP,
vii. 923 (xxxviii).
For the following see pp. 173-81 and Kipling, in
Civic Ritual,
pp. 39-79. Cromwell’s papers included a paper of preparations devised for the receiving of the Queen’s Grace into London:
LP,
vii. 923 (xxxviii).
5
Ballads from Manuscripts
, ed. F. J. Furnivall (Ballad Society, 1868-72), i.373-401, from BL, Royal MS 18A 1xiv, ff. 1-16. This purports to be a copy of verses posted up or spoken during the course of the pageants, but the first two at least (by Leland on the river pageant and Anne’s litter) and Leland’s final piece on the coronation are probably additions, perhaps to prepare a presentation text to Anne. Omitting the 65 lines in these sections (35 plus 15 plus 12, all in Latin), Leland contributed 138 lines of Latin, Udall 310 lines of Latin, 221 of English. The source for the non-Udall/Leland material is Hall,
Chronicle
, pp. 800-2. Cf. Anglo,
Spectacle,
pp. 246-61.
Ballads from Manuscripts
, ed. F. J. Furnivall (Ballad Society, 1868-72), i.373-401, from BL, Royal MS 18A 1xiv, ff. 1-16. This purports to be a copy of verses posted up or spoken during the course of the pageants, but the first two at least (by Leland on the river pageant and Anne’s litter) and Leland’s final piece on the coronation are probably additions, perhaps to prepare a presentation text to Anne. Omitting the 65 lines in these sections (35 plus 15 plus 12, all in Latin), Leland contributed 138 lines of Latin, Udall 310 lines of Latin, 221 of English. The source for the non-Udall/Leland material is Hall,
Chronicle
, pp. 800-2. Cf. Anglo,
Spectacle,
pp. 246-61.
6
He was possibly also a relative of Anne’s secretary.
He was possibly also a relative of Anne’s secretary.
7
Kipling, in
Civic Ritual,
pp. 51-2.
Kipling, in
Civic Ritual,
pp. 51-2.
8
The 10th mystery of the Rosary.
The 10th mystery of the Rosary.
9
Kipling, in
Civic Ritual,
pp. 51-7.
Kipling, in
Civic Ritual,
pp. 51-7.
10
Ballads,
p. 389.
Ballads,
p. 389.
11
Ibid.
Ibid.
12
BL, Harleian MS 6561, f. 2.
BL, Harleian MS 6561, f. 2.
13
Pace
Kipling, in
Civic Ritual,
p. 77 n.56, this conclusion is not vitiated by the appearance of the falcon device in the illumined letters patent [BL, Harleian MS 303], granting the Pembroke title. The MS includes Anne’s post-marital patents.
Pace
Kipling, in
Civic Ritual,
p. 77 n.56, this conclusion is not vitiated by the appearance of the falcon device in the illumined letters patent [BL, Harleian MS 303], granting the Pembroke title. The MS includes Anne’s post-marital patents.
14
Anne’s shield of arms was changed from quarterly 1 Ormonde; 2 Brotherton; 3 Rochford; 4 Warenne, to 1 Lancaster; 2 Angoulême; 3 Guienne; 4 quarterly Ormonde and Rochford; 5 Brotherton; 6 Warenne.
Anne’s shield of arms was changed from quarterly 1 Ormonde; 2 Brotherton; 3 Rochford; 4 Warenne, to 1 Lancaster; 2 Angoulême; 3 Guienne; 4 quarterly Ormonde and Rochford; 5 Brotherton; 6 Warenne.
15
The imperial [i.e. closed] crown was used long before the Act of Appeals [cf. C. E. Challis,
The Tudor Coinage
(1978), pp. 49-51] but much emphasized subsequently.
The imperial [i.e. closed] crown was used long before the Act of Appeals [cf. C. E. Challis,
The Tudor Coinage
(1978), pp. 49-51] but much emphasized subsequently.
16
Gospel of Luke, chapter 1, verse 35. Advantage was not taken of the coincidence of the coronation and the feast of Pentecost to exploit the descent of the Holy Spirit on Mary and the apostles: Acts of the Apostles, chapter 2, verses 1-4; see below, n.21.
Gospel of Luke, chapter 1, verse 35. Advantage was not taken of the coincidence of the coronation and the feast of Pentecost to exploit the descent of the Holy Spirit on Mary and the apostles: Acts of the Apostles, chapter 2, verses 1-4; see below, n.21.
17
Ballads,
pp. 390-1.
Ballads,
pp. 390-1.
18
Kipling, in
Civic Ritual,
pp. 54-7.
Kipling, in
Civic Ritual,
pp. 54-7.
19
Lowinsky,
Florilegium,
pp. 180-1; see pp. 257-8.
Lowinsky,
Florilegium,
pp. 180-1; see pp. 257-8.
20
Hall,
Chronicle
, p. 802.
Hall,
Chronicle
, p. 802.
21
It was also proposed for Jane Seymour’s pageant.
It was also proposed for Jane Seymour’s pageant.
22
The above follows John Stow [
Survey of London,
ed. C. L. Kingsford (Oxford, 1908), ii.41] in treating the Fleet Street Conduit and the Fleet Street Standard as a single installation. Wynkyn de Worde,
The noble tryumphant coronacyon
, p. 17, implies that the Standard was specially built of stone for the occasion. Hall, p. 802, refers only to the Conduit.
The above follows John Stow [
Survey of London,
ed. C. L. Kingsford (Oxford, 1908), ii.41] in treating the Fleet Street Conduit and the Fleet Street Standard as a single installation. Wynkyn de Worde,
The noble tryumphant coronacyon
, p. 17, implies that the Standard was specially built of stone for the occasion. Hall, p. 802, refers only to the Conduit.
23
The Revelation of St John, chapter 21, verses 11, 18. A tower representing the heavenly Jerusalem was a standard feature in London entries, most recently for Charles V in 1522; Kipling in
Civic Ritual,
pp. 52-3. Jasper green was the traditional colour. When
The noble tryumphant coronacyon,
describes the exterior as ‘gilt and azure’ a blue-green is presumably intended.
The Revelation of St John, chapter 21, verses 11, 18. A tower representing the heavenly Jerusalem was a standard feature in London entries, most recently for Charles V in 1522; Kipling in
Civic Ritual,
pp. 52-3. Jasper green was the traditional colour. When
The noble tryumphant coronacyon,
describes the exterior as ‘gilt and azure’ a blue-green is presumably intended.
24
For the following see plate 38, and n.30 below.
For the following see plate 38, and n.30 below.
25
Ballads,
p. 382.
Ballads,
p. 382.
26
Ibid., pp. 381-8.
Ibid., pp. 381-8.
27
Anglo,
Spectacle
, pp. 90-1, 187- 202.
Anglo,
Spectacle
, pp. 90-1, 187- 202.
28
Somewhat harshly, Anglo describes the humanism as ‘superficial’: ‘a self-conscious Latinity and a thin veneer of commonplace literary allusions covering what is, for the most part, a dull, trite and lamentably repetitious pageant series’: ibid., p. 248.
Somewhat harshly, Anglo describes the humanism as ‘superficial’: ‘a self-conscious Latinity and a thin veneer of commonplace literary allusions covering what is, for the most part, a dull, trite and lamentably repetitious pageant series’: ibid., p. 248.
29
For the following, see
Cal. S. P. Span.
,
1531-33,
pp. 704, 740, 754-5 [
LP
, vi.653, 805,918].
For the following, see
Cal. S. P. Span.
,
1531-33,
pp. 704, 740, 754-5 [
LP
, vi.653, 805,918].
30
Rowlands,
Holbein
, p. 88, argues that the bird was a falcon, but this seems iconographically extraneous. For the suggestion of an identification between Apollo and Henry VIII see D. Cressy, ‘Spectacle and power’, in
History Today,
32 (1982), 18-19.
Rowlands,
Holbein
, p. 88, argues that the bird was a falcon, but this seems iconographically extraneous. For the suggestion of an identification between Apollo and Henry VIII see D. Cressy, ‘Spectacle and power’, in
History Today,
32 (1982), 18-19.
31
The Grace Thalia is not to be confused with the Muse Thalia; see above, p. 225.
The Grace Thalia is not to be confused with the Muse Thalia; see above, p. 225.
32
Two Latin verses were probably displayed, not spoken.
Two Latin verses were probably displayed, not spoken.
33
The Greek and the Roman pantheon are confused here.
The Greek and the Roman pantheon are confused here.
34
Ballads
, p. 396.
Ballads
, p. 396.
35
Ibid., p. 398.
Ibid., p. 398.
36
Hall,
Chronicle,
p. 802; Wynkyn de Worde,
The noble tryumphant coronacyon,
p. 16.
Hall,
Chronicle,
p. 802; Wynkyn de Worde,
The noble tryumphant coronacyon,
p. 16.
37
Ibid., p. 25.
Ibid., p. 25.
38
Ibid., p. 17.
Ibid., p. 17.
39
BL, Add. MS 9835, f. 22 [LP, x.1016].
BL, Add. MS 9835, f. 22 [LP, x.1016].
40
Anglo,
Spectacle
, pp. 284, 290.
Anglo,
Spectacle
, pp. 284, 290.
41
Ibid., p. 289
Ibid., p. 289
42
Ibid., pp. 319-20.
Ibid., pp. 319-20.
43
Ibid., pp. 327-39;
Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary,
ed. J. G. Nichols (Camden Society, 48, 1850), pp. 146-51.
Ibid., pp. 327-39;
Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary,
ed. J. G. Nichols (Camden Society, 48, 1850), pp. 146-51.
44
Anglo,
Spectacle
, pp. 344-59.
Anglo,
Spectacle
, pp. 344-59.
45
J. Chartrou,
Les Entrées solennelles et triomphales à la Renaissance
(Paris, 1928), pp. 32-3.
J. Chartrou,
Les Entrées solennelles et triomphales à la Renaissance
(Paris, 1928), pp. 32-3.
46
Ibid., pp. 52-3.
Ibid., pp. 52-3.
47
Jourda,
Marguerite d’Angoulême,
i.58, based on the account by the Venetian ambassador, Sanuto.
Jourda,
Marguerite d’Angoulême,
i.58, based on the account by the Venetian ambassador, Sanuto.
48
At the entry of Francis I’s second queen, Eleanor, into the city of Rouen in 1532, she was accompanied by the chariots of Mercury (drawn by serpents), Juno (drawn by peacocks) and Pallas Athene (drawn by the Muses and escorted by Apollo) [Chartrou,
Les Entrées solennelles
, pp. 82-3]. There is no evidence to suggest any link between Anne and Eleanor’s entries, apart from the closeness of the dates.
At the entry of Francis I’s second queen, Eleanor, into the city of Rouen in 1532, she was accompanied by the chariots of Mercury (drawn by serpents), Juno (drawn by peacocks) and Pallas Athene (drawn by the Muses and escorted by Apollo) [Chartrou,
Les Entrées solennelles
, pp. 82-3]. There is no evidence to suggest any link between Anne and Eleanor’s entries, apart from the closeness of the dates.
49
Hall,
Chronicle
, p. 801.
Hall,
Chronicle
, p. 801.
50
The noble triumphant coronacyon
, p. 16.
The noble triumphant coronacyon
, p. 16.
51
Hall,
Chronicle
, p. 802.
Hall,
Chronicle
, p. 802.
52
See the use of the falcon badge on the ‘mourning sword’ of the City of Bristol (1594), the fireplace (1583), now in the library of Windsor Castle, and ‘Queen Elizabeth’s Virginals’ (see pp. 256-7). Elizabeth also used it on her books: Neale,
Queen Elizabeth
, p. 9. cf. also her use of the phoenix (see p. 373 n. 29).
See the use of the falcon badge on the ‘mourning sword’ of the City of Bristol (1594), the fireplace (1583), now in the library of Windsor Castle, and ‘Queen Elizabeth’s Virginals’ (see pp. 256-7). Elizabeth also used it on her books: Neale,
Queen Elizabeth
, p. 9. cf. also her use of the phoenix (see p. 373 n. 29).
53
Hans Eworth (attr.),
Elizabeth I and the Three Goddesses
: H. M. the Queen, Hampton Court.
Hans Eworth (attr.),
Elizabeth I and the Three Goddesses
: H. M. the Queen, Hampton Court.
54
Ballads,
p. 388.
Ballads,
p. 388.
55
Yates,
Astraea,
pp. 59-69; the quotation is from p. 61.
Yates,
Astraea,
pp. 59-69; the quotation is from p. 61.
56
Ibid., pp. 78-9; R. Strong,
Gloriana
(1987), p. 43.
Ibid., pp. 78-9; R. Strong,
Gloriana
(1987), p. 43.
1
Gospel of Matthew, chapter 7, verse 20.
Gospel of Matthew, chapter 7, verse 20.
2
LP,
vi.212.; see p. 31.
LP,
vi.212.; see p. 31.
3
The Inventory of Henry VII,
ed. David Starkey, I: The Transcript (1998).
The Inventory of Henry VII,
ed. David Starkey, I: The Transcript (1998).
4
Inventory,
no. 1134.
Inventory,
no. 1134.
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