The Knight in History (44 page)

3.
William Worcester,
Itineraries
, ed. by John H. Harvey, Oxford, 1969, p. 183.

4.
Fastolf’s will, in
The Paston Letters
, ed. by James Gairdner, 6 vols., New York, 1965, Vol. III, p. 155.

5.
McFarlane,
Nobility
, p. 237; McFarlane, “Investment,” p. 116; McFarlane, “William Worcester: A Preliminary Survey,” in
Studies Presented to Sir Hilary Jenkinson
, ed. by J. Davies, London, 1957, pp. 205, 215; H. S. Bennett,
The Pastons and Their England
, Cambridge, Eng., 1970, p. 111.

6.
McFarlane,
Nobility
, pp. 83, 183.

7.
Worcester,
Itineraries
, pp. 353–354; McFarlane,
Nobility
, pp. 34–35. On the second phase of the Hundred Years’ War: see references in Chapter 7, note 2; also, A. H. Burne,
The Agincourt War
, London, 1956; C. T. Allmand, ed.,
Society at War, the Experience of England and France during the Hundred Years War
, New York, 1973; Allmand, ed.,
War, Literature, and Politics in the Late Middle Ages
, Liverpool, 1973.

8.
See references in Chapter 7, note 19; also, K. B. McFarlane, “ ‘Bastard Feudalism,’ ”
Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research
20 (1943–1945), pp. 161–180.

9.
N. B. Lewis, “An Early Indenture of Military Service, 27 July 1287,”
Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research
13 (1935–1936), p. 89.

10.
M. R. Powicke, “Lancastrian Captains,” in
Essays in Medieval History Presented to Bertie Wilkinson
, Toronto, 1969, pp. 373–375.

11.
Contamine,
Guerre, état, et société
, pp. 228–230; M. G. A. Vale, “New Techniques and Old Ideals,” in Allmand, ed.,
War, Literature, and Politics
, pp. 64, 69–70.

12.
Denys Hays, “The Division of the Spoils of War in Fourteenth-Century England,”
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
4 (1954), pp. 91–109.

13.
M. M. Postan, “The Costs of the Hundred Years’ War,”
Past and Present
27 (1964), p. 44.

14.
Paston Letters
, Vol. III, pp. 185–186.

15.
Blair,
European Armour
, pp. 79–86, 182.

16.
Dictionary of National Biography
, Oxford, 1967–1968, Vol. VI, p. 1099.

17.
C. A. J. Armstrong, “Sir John Fastolf and the Law of Arms,” in Allmand, ed.,
War, Literature, and Politics
, pp. 46–56; Benedicta J. H. Rowe, “A Contemporary Account of the Hundred Years’ War from 1415 to 1429,”
English History Review
11 (1926), pp. 504–513;
Paston Letters
, Vol. III, pp. 58, 64; Edward Hall,
Chronicle Containing the History of England during the Reign of Henry the Fourth and the Succeeding Monarchs to the End of the Reign of Henry the Eighth
, New York, 1965, pp. 120, 141. Armstrong identifies Fastolf’s prize as Passy-en-Valois, but it may have been Pacy-sur-Eure, south of Rouen.

18.
McFarlane, “Investment,” p. 95.

19.
Paston Letters
, Vol. III, pp. 58–59, 64, 73–74.

20.
Joseph Stevenson, ed.,
Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Wars of the English in France during the Reign of Henry VI, King of England
, 2 vols., London, 1861, 1864, Vol. II, i, pp. 44–50. An earlier Fastolf indenture, for his appointment as governor of the Bastille, appears in: John Gough Nichols, “An Original Appointment of Sir John Fastolfe to be Keeper of the Bastille of St. Anthony at Paris in 1421,”
Archaeologia
44 (1873), pp. 113–122.

21.
Lewis, “Decayed Feudalism,” pp. 175–176; McFarlane,
Nobility
, pp. 162–163; Elias Ashmole,
The Institution, Laws and Ceremonies of the Most Noble Order of the Garter
, London, 1971 (facsimile of 1672 edition).

22.
McFarlane, “Investment,” pp. 95–100.

23.
Jules Quicherat,
Procès de condamnation et de réhabilitation de Jeanne d’Arc, dite la Pucelle
, 5 vols., Paris, 1841–1849, Vol. III, p. 212.

24.
Ibid., Vol. III, p. 95.

25.
Jean Wavrin du Forestal,
Anciennes chroniques d’Angleterre
, ed. by M. Dupont, Paris, 1858, pp. 280–295.

26.
Enguerrand de Monstrelet,
Chronique
, 6 vols., ed. by L. Douet d’Arcq, Paris, 1857–1862, Vol. IV, pp. 331–332.

27.
The Dictionary of National Biography
(Vol. VI, 1967–1968, p. 1100) cites John Anstis, the eighteenth-century historian of the Garter and expert on heraldry.

28.
McFarlane, “William Worcester,” p. 200.

29.
L. W. Vernon Harcourt, “The Two Sir John Fastolfs,”
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
4 (1910), pp. 47–62.

30.
Stevenson,
Letters and Papers
, Vol. II, ii, pp. 579–581.

31.
Reginald Brill, “The English Preparations Before the Treaty of Arras: A New Interpretation of Sir John Fastolf’s Report, September, 1435,
Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History
7 (1970), pp. 213–247.

32.
Desmond Seward,
The Hundred Years War, the English in France, 1337–1453
, New York, 1978, p. 242.

33.
Journal du siège d’Orléans
, in Quicherat,
Procès
, Vol. IV, p. 105.

34.
Quicherat,
Procès
, Vol. III, pp. 214–215.

35.
The Tree of Battles of Honoré Bonet
, trans. by G. W. Coopland, Cambridge, Mass., 1949.

36.
Ibid., pp. 21–25; N. A. R. Wright, “The
Tree of Battles
of Honoré Bouvet and the Laws of War,” in Allmand, ed.,
War, Literature, and Politics
, pp. 12–13.

37.
McFarlane, “William Worcester,” pp. 210–211; McFarlane, “Investment,” p. 116; M. H. Keen, “Chivalry, Nobility, and the Man-at-Arms,” in Allmand, ed.,
War, Literature, and Politics
, pp. 35–36; Keen,
The Laws of War in the Late Middle Ages
, London and Toronto, 1965.

38.
Keen, “Chivalry, Nobility, and the Man-at-Arms,” pp. 34–36; Wright, “
Tree of Battles
,” pp. 12–31.

39.
Tree of Battles
, p. 125.

40.
Ibid., p. 153.

41.
Ibid., p. 189.

42.
Ibid., pp. 120–121.

43.
Ibid., pp. 121–122.

44.
Ibid., p. 131.

45.
Ibid., p. 132.

46.
Ibid., p. 131.

47.
Ibid., p. 135.

48.
McFarlane,
Nobility
, pp. 36, 83–84; McFarlane, “Investment,” pp. 101–106.

49.
McFarlane,
Nobility
, p. 92; McFarlane, “Investment,” pp. 115–116.

50.
H. D. Barnes and W. Douglas Simpson, “The Building Accounts of Caister Castle,
A.D.
1432–1435,”
Norfolk Archaeology
30 (1952), pp. 178–188.

51.
Paston Letters
, Vol. III, pp. 166–174.

52.
Ibid., Vol. II, p. 280.

53.
Ibid., Vol. IV, p. 233.

54.
McFarlane, “William Worcester,” p. 124.

55.
Worcester,
Itineraries
, p. 223;
Paston Letters
, Vol. III, p. 157.

56.
Paston Letters
, Vol. II, p. 154.

57.
Ibid., Vol. III, p. 15.

58.
Ibid., Vol. II, p. 152.

59.
Ibid., Vol. II, p. 160.

60.
Ibid., Vol. III, p. 89.

61.
McFarlane, “ ‘Bastard Feudalism,’ ” pp. 167–180; McFarlane,
Nobility
, pp. 102–121.

62.
Paston Letters
, Vol. I, pp. 28–29.

63.
Ibid., Vol. II, p. 239.

64.
Ibid., Vol. I, pp. 153–154; Vol. II, pp. 113–116.

65.
Ibid., Vol. III, pp. 152–157.

66.
Ibid., Vol. III, pp. 144–145.

67.
Ibid., Vol. IV, pp. 236–245.

68.
Ibid., Vol. III, pp. 163–164.

69.
Ibid., Vol. III, pp. 134–135, 276–277, 280.

70.
Sylvia L. Thrupp,
The Merchant Class of Medieval London, 1300–1500
, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1948, pp. 275–278.

71.
Paston Letters
, Vol. I, pp. 200, 206.

72.
Arthur B. Ferguson,
The Indian Summer of English Chivalry: Studies in the Decline and Transformation of Chivalric Idealism
, Durham, N.C., 1960, pp. 11–12, 113–114.

73.
Paston Letters
, Vol. I, pp. 238–239, 268, 307–308.

74.
Norman Davis, ed.,
The Paston Letters
, 2 vols., Oxford, 1971, Vol. I, pp. lix–lxi.

75.
Francis Worship, “An Account of a MS Genealogy of the Paston Family,”
Norfolk Archaeology
4 (1855), pp. 1–55.

76.
R. W. Ketton-Cremer,
The Story of the Pastons
, Norwich, Eng., 1953 (guide to a Paston exhibition in Norwich in the coronation year of Elizabeth II).

1.
Sir George Sitwell, “The English Gentleman,”
Ancestor
1 (1902), quoted in A. W. Redd, “Chivalry and the Idea of a Gentleman,” in
Chivalry
, ed. by E. Prestage, London, 1928, p. 209.

2.
Lyon,
From Fief to Indenture
, pp. 253–269; Contamine,
Guerre, état, et société
, pp. 277–551.

3.
Jean de Bueil,
Le Jouvençel
, ed. by C. Favre and L. Lecestre, 2 vols., Paris, 1887, Vol. I, pp. 21–22.

4.
Ibid., Vol. I, p. 26.

5.
Ibid., Vol. I, p. 14.

6.
Ibid., Vol. II, pp. 45–54.

7.
Ibid., Vol. II, pp. 95–96.

8.
Ibid., Vol. I, pp. 210–211.

9.
Ibid., Vol. II, p. 100.

10.
Ibid., Vol. II, pp. 20–21.

11.
Les Mémoires de Messire Martin du Bellay
, in
Collection complète des mémoires relatifs à l’histoire de France
, ed. by M. Petitot, Vols. 17–19, Paris, 1821, p. 451. Bayard’s sixteenth-century biographer does not repeat the story: Jacques de Mailles,
La Très joyeuse, plaisante, et récréative histoire du gentil seigneur de Bayart, composée par le loyal serviteur
, ed. by M.J. Roman, Paris, 1878.

12.
Ferguson,
The Indian Summer of English Chivalry
. See also: Raymond L. Kilgour,
The Decline of Chivalry as Shown in the French Literature of the Late Middle Ages
, Cambridge, Mass., 1937; J. Huizinga,
The Waning of the Middle Ages
, Garden City, N.Y., 1956 (originally published in 1924); Huizinga, “The Political and Military Significance of Chivalric Ideas in the Late Middle Ages,” in
Men and Ideas, History, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance
, trans. by James S. Holmes and Hans van Marle, London, 1960, pp. 196–206.

13.
Blair,
European Armour
, p. 192.

14.
Clephan,
The Tournament
, pp. 78–80.

15.
William Caxton, trans.,
The Book of the Ordre of Chyvalry
, in Herlihy,
The History of Feudalism
, pp. 343–344.

16.
The Chronicles of Jean Froissart in Lord Berners’ Translation
, ed. by Gillian and William Anderson, London, 1963, p. xvii.

17.
Cripps-Day,
The History of the Tournament
, pp. 111–113.

18.
Clephan,
The Tournament
, pp. 122–123; Cripps-Day,
History of the Tournament
, pp. 121–122.

19.
Queene Elizabethes Achademy
, ed. by F. J. Furnivall, London, 1869.