The Judgment of Paris (80 page)

12
Quoted in Philip Ball,
Bright Earth: The Invention of Colour
(London: Viking, 2001), p. 153.

13
Quoted in Simon Jennings,
The Collins Artists' Colour Manual
(London: HarperCollins, 2003), p. 55. For Monet's pigments at this time, see Ashok Roy et al., "Monet's
Bathers at La Grenouillère," National Gallery Technical Bulletin
(1981), pp. 14—25.

14
Quoted in Herbert,
Impressionism: Art, Leisure and Parisian Society,
p. 312.

15
Quoted in ibid., p. 226.

16
Quoted in ibid., p. 240.

17
On this plot, which may have been a fabrication by the government, see Ridley,
Napoléon III and Eugénie,
pp. 555—6; and the report in
The Illustrated London News,
May 14, 1870.

18
Quoted in Rewald,
The History of Impressionism,
p. 150.

19
Le Figaro,
May 13, 1870;
Presse,
June 23, 1870;
L'Illustration,
May 21, 1870;
Le Journal officiel,
July 18, 1870;
Le Siècle,
June 3, 1870;
Paris-Journal,
May 5, 1870.

20
Le Journal officiel,
July 18, 1870.

21
For Polybius's account, see
The Histories of Polybius,
trans. Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (London, 1889), Book 38.

Chapter Thirty: The Prussian Terror

1
Quoted in Plessis,
The Rise and Fall of the Second Empire,
p. 166.

2
Quoted in
The Illustrated London News,
May 28, 1870.

3
The Times,
May 23, 1870.

4
Malmesbury,
Memoirs,
vol. 2, p. 415.

5
The Times,
June 7, 1870;
The Illustrated London News,
June 18, 1870.

6
The Illustrated London News,
July 16, 1870.

7
Quoted in Ridley,
Napoléon HI and Eugénie,
p. 561.

8
Many have written that Louis-Napoléon went to war with Prussia in order to prop up his corrupt and failing regime. For correctives to this view, see Plessis,
The Rise and Fall of the Second Empire,
p. 69; and Baguley,
Napoléon III and His Regime,
pp. 375-6. For the Empress Eugénie's actions and opinions, see Bicknell,
Life in the Tuileries Under the Second Empire,
pp. 214—15.

9
Quoted in D. W. Brogan,
The Development of Modern France, 1870-1939
(London: Hamish Hamilton, 1940), p. 14.

10
Quoted in Richardson,
Théophile Gautier,
p. 245.

11
Quoted in S. C. Burchell,
Upstart Empire: Paris During the Brilliant Years of Louis-Napoléon
(London: MacDonald, 1971), p. 321.

12
Plessis,
The Rise and Fall of the Second Empire,
p. 169; Alistair Home,
The Fall of Paris: The Siege and the Commune, 1870-71
(New York: St Martin's Press, 1965), p. 40.

13
Malmesbury,
Memoirs,
vol. 2, p. 414.

14
Quoted in Ridley,
Napoléon III and Eugénie,
p. 562.

15
Quoted in Williams,
The French Revolution,
p. 78.

16
The Illustrated London News,
July 23, 1870.

17
Quoted in Richardson,
Théophile Gautier,
p. 245.

18
Gréard,
Meissonier,
p. 313.

19
Quoted in Hungerford,
Ernest Meissonier,
p. 137.

20
Gréard,
Meissonier,
p. 90.

21
The Illustrated London News,
July 2, 1870.

22
Gréard,
Meissonier,
p. 312.

23
Quoted in Williams,
The Mortal Napoléon HI,
p. 150.

24
Quoted in Baguley,
Napoléon HI and His Regime,
p. 134.

25
Gréard,
Meissonier,
p. 310.

26
Le Temps,
August 17,1871.

27
Quoted in Otto Pflanze,
Bismarck and the Development of Modern Germany,
3 vols. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990), vol. 1, p. 474.

28
For Meissonier's account of his exodus from Metz, see Gréard,
Meissonier,
pp. 309—15.

29
Quoted in Home,
The Fall of Paris,
p. 51.

30
Quoted in ibid.

31
Quoted in Williams,
The Mortal Napoléon III,
p. 166.

32
Quoted in Williams,
The French Revolution,
p. 80.

33
Quoted in Richardson,
Théophile Gautier,
p. 248.

Chapter Thirty-one: The Last Days of Paris

1
Gréard,
Meissonier,
pp. 315—16. For Louis-Joseph-Ernest Cézanne (1830-1876), see
Larousse du XX Siècle, 6
vols. (Paris: Librairie Larousse, 1928-1933), volume 2, p. 99.

2
William Wordsworth,
The Prelude,
ed. Jonathan Wordsworth (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1979), Book Tenth, line 692.

3
Quoted in Williams,
The French Revolution,
p. 81.

4
For Hugo's amorous dalliances at this time, see Home,
The Fall of Paris,
p. 188. For his political aspirations, Andre Maurois,
Victor Hugo,
trans. Gerard Hopkins (London: Chatto & Windus, 1956), p. 413.

5
Gréard,
Meissonier,
p. 318.

6
Ibid., p. 93.

7
Hollis Clayson,
Paris in Despair: Art and Everyday Life Under Siege (1870—71)
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002), pp. 14-15. Clayson offers a superb account of the response to the siege, both artistic and military, of French painters and sculptors.

8
Quoted in ibid., p. 15.

9
Letters of Gustave Courbet,
p. 402.

10
Mina Curtiss, ed. and trans., "Letters of Édouard Manet to his Wife," p. 379.

11
Morisot,
Correspondence,
p. 48.

12
Ibid., pp. 47-8.

13
Quoted in Brown,
Zola,
p. 61.

14
Quoted in ibid., p. 196.

15
Quoted in Home,
The Fall of Paris,
p. 177.

16
Curtiss, ed., "Letters of Édouard Manet to his Wife," p. 381.

17
Pages from the Goncourt Journal,
p. 193.

18
Curtiss, ed., "Letters of Édouard Manet to his Wife," p. 383.

19
For the balloon service during the siege of Paris, see Home,
The Fall of Paris,
pp. 121—34.

20
McCauley,
Industrial Madness,
pp. 160—1.

21
See Jacques Fromaigeat,
La Postepar Pigeons, 1870—71
(Paris: Le Monde des Philatélistes, 1966); and Home,
The Fall of Paris,
pp. 128—9.

22
Curtiss, ed., "Letters of Édouard Manet to his Wife," p. 384.

23
Ibid.

24
Ibid.

25
Quoted in Rebecca L. Spang, " 'And They Ate the Zoo': Relating Gastronomic Exoticism in the Siege of Paris,"
MLN{1992),
p. 760.

26
Quoted in Richardson,
Théophile Gautier,
p. 252.

27
Quoted in Home,
The Fall of Paris,
p. 136.

28
The Illustrated London News,
August 28, 1869.

29
Zeldin,
Taste and Corruption,
p. 399.

30
Wilson-Bareau, ed.,
Manet by Himself,
p. 60.

31
Curtiss, ed., "Letters of Édouard Manet to his Wife," p. 384.

32
For a discussion of this work, see Edward Lilley, "Manet's 'Modernity' and
Effet de Neige à Petit-Montrouge," Gazette des Beaux-Arts,
series 6, 118 (September 1991), pp. 107—no.

33
For the dating of the beginnings of this work to September 1870, see Hungerford,
Ernest Meissonier,
p. 141.

34
Gréard,
Meissonier,
p. 386.

35
Curtiss, ed., "Letters of Édouard Manet to His Wife," p. 386.

36
Pages from the Goncourt Journal,
p. 199.

37
See Spang, " 'And They Ate the Zoo,' " p. 772.

38
Curtiss, ed., "Letters of Édouard Manet to His Wife," p. 388.

39
Gréard,
Meissonier,
p. 319.

40
Curtiss, ed., "Letters of Édouard Manet to His Wife," p. 386.

41
Ibid., p. 381.

42
Ibid., p. 385.

43
Home,
The Fall of Paris,
p. 153.

44
For Meissonier's role in Manet's promotion to the General Staff, see Francoise Cachin,
Manet,
trans. Emily Read (New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1991), p. 96; and Clayson,
Paris in Despair,
p. 214. Art historians over the years have sometimes tried to suggest an antagonistic relationship between Manet and Meissonier in the National Guard. Curtiss, for example, in an otherwise excellent article, erroneously states that Meissonier had been Manet's commanding officer in the artillery, an occupation which Manet admitted that he found "too demanding" ("Letters of Édouard Manet to His Wife," p. 385). Her implication, presumably, is that Meissonier was a harsh taskmaster who drove the hapless younger artist from his ranks.

45
Histoire de Édouard Manet et de son oeuvre,
p. 124.

46
Ibid.

47
Proust,
Manet: souvenirs,
pp. 57—8. Like all of Antonin Proust's stories, this one must be taken with several grains of salt.

48
Curtiss, ed., "Letters of Édouard Manet to His Wife," pp. 386—7.

49
Gréard,
Meissonier,
p. 322.

Chapter Thirty-two: A Carnival of Blood

1
Curtiss, ed., "Letters of Édouard Manet to His Wife," p. 387.

2
Quoted in Home,
The Fall of Paris,
p. 214.

3
Curtiss, ed., "Letters of Édouard Manet to His Wife," p. 387.

4
Ibid., p. 389.

5
Pages from the Goncourt Journal,
p. 202.

6
Curtiss, ed., "Letters of Édouard Manet to His Wife," p. 389.

7
Gréard,
Meissonier,
p. 320.

8
Ibid., p. 95.

9
Ernest Meissonier: Rétrospective,
p. 151.

10
Quoted in Mollett,
Meissonier,
p. 5.

11
Gréard,
Meissonier,
p. 112.

12
For the cast of characters in
The Siege of Paris,
including the portrayal of Henri Regnault, see Hungerford,
Ernest Meissonier,
pp. 141—3.

13
Gréard,
Meissonier,
p. 114.

14
Clarétie,
Peintres et sculpteurs contemporains,
2 vols. (Paris, 1881), vol. 2, p. 5; Gréard,
Meissonier,
p. 114.

15
Quoted in Brombert,
Édouard Manet,
p. 261.

16
Westminster Review,
October 1867.

17
Wilson-Bareau, ed.,
Manet by Himself,
p. 160.

18
Quoted in Brown,
Zola,
p. 202.

19
Quoted in ibid., p. 208.

20
Quoted in Brombert,
Édouard Manet,
p. 288.

21
Quoted in Home,
The Fall of Paris,
p. 214.