The Jewish Gospels (25 page)

gerim,
23

The Ghost Dance: The Origins of Religion
(La Barre),
127

God: commandments of,
110–11
; name of,
138
,
166n27
.
See also
Son of God
;
young God/gods

God-fearers,
23

godhead,
34
,
58
,
158

Goodman, Martin,
181n8

Gospel Judaism,
156

Gospel of John: Judaism and,
22
; on Messiah,
26

Gospel of Luke: Judaism and,
22
; use of Mark in,
105

Gospel of Mark: Jesus' kosher status in,
xiii
,
103
; Jesus' Torah fulfillment,
64–65
; Jewish controversy in,
109
; as Jewish text,
127
; Judaism and,
22
; midrashic role of,
148–49
; Similitudes of Enoch and,
100
; Son of God/Man in,
26
,
30–31
; understanding of Jesus,
104–5
.
See also
Mark
citations

Gospel of Matthew: “Jewishness” of,
169n39
; Judaism and,
22
; kosher keeping in,
184n24
; portrayal of Jesus,
179n1
; use of Mark in,
105
.
See also
Matthew
citations

Gospels: Christology of,
80
; doubleness of Jesus story,
84–85
; on Elijah,
146–48
; on Jewishness of Jesus communities,
xiii
; midrashic ways/mode of,
134
,
149
; narrative progression,
140–41
; rabbinic literature and,
65
; relationship among,
104–5
; Similitudes of Enoch and,
74–81
; “Son of Man” usage in,
100–101
; theology of,
47

Gospels, Jewish,
22–23

Great Angel Michael,
51
,
163n6
,
166n27

Gregory the Great, Saint,
15

Guelich, Robert A.,
108
,
169n37

Guttenberger, Gudrun,
168n35

Hagar,
167n27

halakha,
64
,
69
,
118
,
124

handwashing: Jesus on,
119
,
121
,
124
,
184n24
; Pharisees and,
109–10
,
118
,
183n17
; as purity regulation/ritual,
116
,
182n12

Hartman, Lars,
176n7

Hassidic movement,
17

Head of Days,
40
,
75
,
78
,
85
,
90
,
175n6

healing, on Sabbath,
61
,
65–67
,
171n41

Hengel, Martin,
156
,
167n31
,
185n4

“high Christology,”
53–55

Hokhma,
165n22

Horbury, William,
168n31

House of David,
5
,
30

Hultgren, Arland J.,
170n41
,
171n41

Hurtado, Larry,
167n31
,
178n25

“I am,”
138

Idel, Moshe,
83
,
91

identities, reciprocally settled,
ix–xi
,
xii

impure/pure foods,
112–13

incarnation: belief in,
1
,
8
,
10
; doctrine of,
34
; idea of,
xiii
,
xvii
,
102

Isaiah
53
,
131–32
,
135
,
150–53
,
155
,
185n4

Isaiah
53:3
,
141

Isaiah
56:7
,
xxi

Isaiah
56:8
,
xxi

Isaiah
66:20
,
98

Ishmael, Rabbi,
62

Israel: King of,
27–28
; suffering of,
131–32

Israelites: expectation of Messiah,
6
; Temple in Jerusalem and,
3–4
; as term,
2
.
See also
Jews
;
Judaism

Jehoahaz,
27

Jehu,
27

Jerome, Saint,
15–20
,
24

Jerusalem, siege of,
29–30

Jesus: belief in,
24
; as Christ,
72–73
; coming of,
1–2
; divinity of,
53–57
; followers of,
21
; as Jew,
5–6
; Jewish belief in,
53–56
; Judaism of,
104–5
; kosher status of,
xii
,
xiii
,
xvi
,
103
; messianic claims of,
137–38
,
185–86n6
; nature of,
159
; Pharisees and,
xiv-xv
,
117
,
126
; purification of all foods by,
112
; suffering prediction of,
141–42
,
155
; as thinker/teacher,
125
.
See also
Christ

Jesus communities, Jewishness of,
102

Jesus movement: beginnings of,
105
; ideas/practices of,
xiii
,
102–3
,
179n1
; Jesus and Christ in,
7
; in relationship to Judaism,
106
; Similitudes of Enoch and,
77

Jew/Gentile, difference between,
xviii-xix

Jewish laws, Christians and,
11

Jewish Temple, destruction of,
xi–xii
,
12
,
30
,
105
,
130

Jews: acceptance of Jesus,
21–22
,
72–73
; belief in Jesus as God,
53–56
; engagement with Christians,
xix
; expectation of Messiah-Christ,
56
,
134
; expectation of Redeemer,
34
,
142–43
; ideas about Christians,
6–7
; Nicene Creed and,
17
; religious beliefs of,
1–2
,
5
; suffering Christ and,
129–30

Joash,
27

John, Gospel of,
22
,
26

John
1:41
,
26

John the Baptist,
135
,
148

Josephus,
138

Josiah,
4

Judaism: “checklists” for members,
8–11
,
19–20
; Christianity's separation/parting from,
13–15
,
107–8
; as name used by Christians,
2
; as term,
2–3
; theological differences with Christianity,
xi–xii

“Judeans/Judaeans,”
181n10

judgment, final,
80–81

kashrut, laws of,
107
,
112
.
See also
kosher keeping

Kim, Seyoon,
168n35

King, Davidic,
29–30

King, Messiah as human,
26–31

King and Messiah as Son of God: Divine, Human, and Angelic Messianic Figures in Biblical and Related Literature
(Collins and Collins),
97

King of Israel (Mashiach),
27–28

kingdoms/kingship,
41–3

1 Kings
1:34
,
27

1 Kings
19:16
,
27

2 Kings
11:12
,
27

2 Kings
23:30
,
27

2 Kings
25
,
29

Klausner, Joseph,
130–31

kosher foods,
112–13
,
181n9

kosher keeping: by followers of Jesus,
1
; in Gospel of Matthew,
184n24
; for religion membership,
8–9
,
10
.
See also
defilement
;
dietary laws

kosher rules, Mark's Jesus and,
103

kosher status, of Jesus,
xii
,
xiii
,
xvi
,
103

Kotzker Rebbe,
122

kurios
,
98

La Barre, Weston,
127

Lady Wisdom,
165n22

lament, Psalms of,
141

Lane, William,
172n41

Law of Moses,
xvi
,
168n36

Levitical law,
108

Lieberman, Saul,
190n22

“Little Yahu,”
51
,
166n27

Logos tradition,
94
,
178n25

Lohse, E.,
171n41

Lord of Spirits,
78–79
,
80
,
81
,
82
,
85–86

“low Christology,”
53–55

Luke, Gospel of,
22
,
105

Maccabean revolt/martyrs,
39
,
76

Mal'akh,
166–67n27

Malakhi,
148

male/female distinction,
xviii

Marcus, Joel,
108
,
122
,
146
,
179n31
,
187n14
,
187–88n17

Mark: as Gentile,
105
,
179n1
; as Jew,
126
; “Jewishness” question,
106–7
.
See also
Gospel of Mark

Mark
2
,
36
,
138

Mark
2:5–10
,
57

Mark
2:10
,
59
,
66
,
67

Mark
7
,
106
,
109–11

Mark 7:3,
116

Mark
7:15
,
108

Mark
7:18b–19
,
108

Mark
7:19
,
108

Mark
7:27–28
,
169n37

Mark
8
,
140

Mark
8:27–38
,
135–36

Mark
8:31
,
140

Mark
9:9–11
,
147

Mark
9:11–13
,
145–47

Mark
9:12
,
136
,
140

Mark
9:30
,
147

Mark
14:61–62
,
37

Mark
14:62
,
29
,
137
,
140

Markan Jesus,
66
,
67
,
108
,
118
,
120

Martini, Raymondo,
190n22

Mashiach of YHVH,
27–28
.
See also
anointed one
,
Messiah

Matthew.
See
Gospel of Matthew

Matthew
12
,
63–64

Matthew
15
,
184n24

Matthew
23
,
183n21

Matthew
23:1–23
,
xv

Meier, John Paul,
121
,
172–73n43

Mekhilta,
63
,
171n41
,
187n14

Mendel, Rabbi (Kotzker Rebbe),
122

Messiah: characteristics of,
33
; in Christology,
22
; of David,
5
; in Hassidic movement,
17
; as human king,
26–31
; Jesus as,
1–2
,
7
,
21–22
; Jews' acceptance of,
72–73
; Son of Man equivalency,
137–38
; suffering of,
129–30
; translation of,
26

Messiah/Christ: as Jewish idea,
44
,
46
; notion of,
46

The Messianic Idea in Israel
(Klausner),
129–31

Messianic Jews,
133

Metatron,
166n27

Michael (Great Angel),
51
,
163n6
,
166n27

midrash,
76
,
133
,
141
,
148–49

Minei (sect),
16
,
18
.
See also
Nazarenes
,
minim

minim:
fight against,
20
; term meaning,
18–19
.
See also
Nazarenes
,
Minei